The study aimed to investigate the role of aggression and impulsivity in smoking among male adult students. It was hypothesized that there would be significant difference between smokers and non- smokers on the traits of aggression and impulsivity. The sample of two hundred male adult students was selected from different universities of Islamabad. Two subscales of Impulsiveness and Aggression were administered to measure the personality traits of aggression and impulsivity. Descriptive statistics and t-test was calculated for analysis of data. Results showed that there is significant differences in aggression and impulsivity between smokers and non-smokers. The result can be helpful for psychologist and other professionals to plan public health therapeutic and social reengineering interventions for youth., Uzma Zaidi, and Literatura
In the last decade the health of young people in Ukraine as well as in many other countries of the world significantly deteriorated according to the results of screening tests. Because of this the main task of prophylactic medicine is development and introduction of new methods of early diagnostics of diseases. The aim of the work to assess the peculiarities of adaptation of students with different types of vegetative regulation. Material and methods: 415 second year students of Lugansk State Medical University were tested. The mechanisms of physiological functions of the body regulation were assessed by registration of cardiac rhythm variability (CRV). Analysis of CRV was performed by three methods: statistical, geometrical, and spectral analysis. The express method proposed by Shlyk, N.I. (2009) was later used to determine the prevailing type of vegetative regulation. To assess adaptability the method of R.M. Baevskij (1979) was used. Results: In the result of investigation 4 types of functional states of regulatory systems were determined: I type 295 (71 %) of tested, II in 14 (3 %), III in 96 (23 %) and IV only in 10 (2%). I type of functional state of regulatory systems in the wakeful state at rest was characterized by moderate prevalence of central regulation of heart rhythm (MPCR), decreased activity of autonomic regulation. It was noticed that some of the parameters of CRV (like RR, SDNN, RMSSD and pNN50) which characterize autonomic regulation, were statistically lowere (р≤0.01) compared to type III, and some (like AMo and SI) higher, in both female and male students. Summarized spectrum capacity and components of its wave structure (HF, LF, VLF) which characterize central regulation were statistically significantly lower (р≤0.01) for the I type of regulation compared to the III one which is characterized by moderate prevalence of autonomic regulation of the heart rhythm. In female students with type I autonomic regulation compared to male students such CRV parameters as RR and AМo were statistically significantly lower (р≤0.05), while the parameters of total potency (TP) and high frequency waves (HF) were higher (р≤0.05), which could point to more centralized heart rhythm regulation in male compared to female. The evaluation of regulatory systems overstress allowed to determine the state of adaptation and risk of overstress or breakdown in students with different types of autonomic regulation. Conclusions: Thus, evaluation of adaptation state in students with different types of autonomic regulation allows to characterize the current functional state and uncover the risk of disease development., Tatiana Tananakina, Natalya Lila, Anzhelika Ivasenko, Dmitrij Bolgov, Svetlana Mavrich, Yuliya Modna, and Literatura
Východiska: Vzhledem ke geriatrizaci ošetřovatelské péče se ageismus stává často diskutovaným tématem. Z tohoto důvodu je velmi důležité, aby nelékařští zdravotničtí pracovníci byli v tomto ohledu dostatečně vzděláváni, protože právě dostatečná informovanost a praktická zkušenost může ovlivnit míru inklinace k ageistickým postojům. Cíl: Cílem výzkumného šetření bylo zhodnotit ageistické postoje u studentů středních zdravotnických škol v závislosti na škole a ročníku, kterou respondenti navštěvovali a zjistit rozdíly ve vnímání seniorské populace. Metody: V souladu s cíli práce byl proveden kvantitativní výzkum formou dotazníkového šetření. Na základě bodového ohodnocení odpovědí v dotazníku byla zjištěna míra ageistických postojů u respondentů. Výsledky: Práce prokázala, že je statisticky významný vztah mezi ageistickými postoji u studentů a jejich příslušností ke střední škole. Stejně tak byl prokázán rozdíl mezi ageistickými postoji u studentů druhých a čtvrtých ročníků středních zdravotnických škol. Závěry: Z práce vyplývá, že ve sledovaném souboru se u většiny studentů objevuje střední inklinace k ageistickým postojům s ohledem na navštěvovanou školu. Dále pak, že k ageistickým postojům inklinují více studenti čtvrtých ročníků, kteří již absolvovali odbornou praxi u lůžka nemocného, než studenti druhých ročníků, kteří tuto praxi ještě neabsolvovali., Background: Due to geriatrization of nursing care becomes oen discussed theme. Because of this it’s very important that non-medical health staff will be enough educated. It is that sufficient awareness and practical experience that can affect the rate of inclination to ageist attitudes. Objective: e objective of this research was to evaluate ageist attitudes of nursing school students according to school which the respondents visited and find out the differences in perception of senior population among the students of second and fourth grade. Methods: Due to the aims of this work the quantitative research has been done through a questionnaire survey. e rate of ageist attitudes was observed based on scoring responses. Results: A statistically significant relationship between symptoms of ageist attitudes this work proved as well as the differences between symptoms of ageist attitudes among second and fourth grade students. Conclusions: e work shows that in the sample survey, the majority of students appearing middle inclination to the myths of old age. Furthermore, the myths of old age tend more fourth grade students who have already completed work experience at the bedside than second grade students who have not completed this practice yet., and Kristýna Šoukalová, Jana Holá, Markéta Nemšovská
Domnívám se, že právě vznik intersubjektivity je v popředí zájmu mnoha pacientů: Jak nastolit takovou atmosféru ve vztahu, ve které je možno hovořit o velmi osobních problémech bez nebezpečí devalvace? Jak vzniká respekt mezi lidmi, který se mi nedaří dosáhnout? Jak vzniká důvěra, přátelství, stojím si sám nějak k tomu v cestě? Psychoterapeut pak zkoumá, jak se tyto situace opakují ve vzájemném vztahu i jak se na nich sám podílí. To je někdy pro obě strany velmi náročné., I suppose, most of our patients are interested about how to create the intersubjectivity like to establish such a atmosphere in the relationship, which allows to speak about very personal problems without the danger of humilitation. How to obtain the respect, how arises trust and friendship, why do I fail to achieve it ? Psychotherapist examines the repetition of such situations in the mutual correlation and first of all what is his own part, how he participates on it., and Poněšický J.
Assaultive acts committed by people with a mental illness is a major public health issue that affects patients with their families, law enforcement authorities, and the public at large. Failure to provide treatment is in fact a major predictor of assaultive acts in patients with schizophrenia living in the community. Considering that the indigenous ethnic groups of Central Asia have similar sociocultural characteristics, these factors may be reflected in individuals with schizophrenia who have committed serious assaultive acts in Uzbekistan. Objectives: The aim of the work was to identify the sociocultural and clinical characteristics of schizophrenic representatives of indigenous ethnic groups of Central Asia who have committed violent crimes in Uzbekistan and have been found insane in regard to their offence, and to compare these subjects to ones belonging to the other ethnic groups. Material and methods: The data were collected in 2010–2013 in the Tashkent High Security Psychiatric Hospital via face-to-face interviews and also from the patients’ charts and from forensic psychiatric examination statements. Results: The sample consisted of 201 individuals. The sample was 90.1 percent (n = 181) male, with a predominance of the paranoid schizophrenia subtype according to the ICD-10 criteria. Of the subjects, 174 ones (86.6%) were representatives of the indigenous ethnic groups of Central Asia, and 27 ones (13.4%) were representatives of other ethnic groups. The duration of illness among the subjects belonging to the indigenous ethnic groups of Central Asia was less than in the other group; the individuals were rarely referred to psychiatric care because of the popularity of alternative medicine and the stigma attached to mental illness. A positive correlation between violence and various psychotic symptoms, such as delusions, hallucinations, and thought disorder, has also been demonstrated in this group. European Medical, Health and Pharmaceutical Journal ISSN 1804-5804 Conclusions: Sociocultural characteristics, such as delayed referral for psychiatric care because of the popularity of alternative medicine and the stigma attached to mental illness among the indigenous ethnic groups of Central Asia, frequently factor into committing serious acts of assault because of developing psychotic symptoms at the early stages of disease despite their sufficient socioenvironmental adaptation., Saida Yеshimbetova, Bulat Chembaev, and Literatura
In this paper a longitudinal study is presented of age-dependent speech acoustic characteristics from the utterances of Czech actresses, acquired from movie databases recorded in the years from 1985 to 2014. The age dependence of phonation is analyzed using the parameters fundame ntal frequency, jitter, and shimmer. For assessment of articulation, the formant-based voice area index of vocals and the length of the burst from apalatal stop consonant isused. For prosody, no characteristics were found that were applicable to the analysis of film archives. The results of age dependencies described by the phonetic categories are consistent with the assumptions and conclusions presented in the literature. This pilot project also confirms the possibility of creating valuable studies from publicly available sources., Roman Čmejla, Jarmila Behenská, Tereza Tykalová, Jan Rusz, and Literatura
Aldosterone blocker Spironolactone has antiinflammatory, antiproliferative and antioxidative effects, that is why pathogenetically it is expedient to use it in complex therapy of rheumatoid arthritis. Material and methods: 46 patients with RA took 2550 mg/day of Spironolactone during 12 months as an addition to standard therapy, the comparison group consisted of 47 patients that got only standard therapy, all the patients were fully examined prior and post the treatment. Results: complex RA therapy leads to improved VAS, HAQ, the antioxidative potential index F; decreased blood concentrations of TNFα, ICAM1, FGF and VEGF in contrast to standard therapy. Complex therapy made reduced the DAS 28 more > 0.6. Conclusions: applying of Spironolactone in complex therapy of rheumatoid arthritis contributes to more pronounced improvement in indices of articular syndrome and patients life quality, reduce of antiinflammatory, antiproliferative and angiogenic cytokines, and more effectively reduces the activity of the disease comparing to standard therapy., Elena Komarova, Borys Rebrov, and Literatura
Infantilní hemangiomy jsou nejčastějšími benigními vaskulárními nádory novorozeneckého a kojeneckého věku. Jedná se o nádory s velmi dobrou prognózou. Většina infantilních hemangiomů spontánně zcela regreduje v prvních deseti letech života. Jen deset procent infantilních hemangiomů vyžaduje nějakou terapii. V současné době je preferováno použití b-blokátoru propranololu. Ostatní typy benigních cévních nádorů je zapotřebí diferenciálně diagnosticky odlišit pro zahájení vhodné terapie a určení prognózy. Předložený článek shrnuje základní poznatky o hemangiomech u novorozenců. V závěru článku je zmíněna krátká kazuistika, kdy byla léčba rozsáhlého hemangiomu zahajována po konzultacích na našem pracovišti za kontroly kardiology., Infantile hemangiomas are the most common benign vascular tumors of neonatal and infancy. These are tumors with a good prognosis. Most infantile hemangiomas spontaneously regress completely in the first decade of life. Only ten percent of infantile hemangiomas require some therapy. Currently it is preferred to use b-blocker propranolol. Other types of benign vascular tumors are needed to distinguish the differential diagnosis for initiation of appropriate therapy and prognosis. The present article summarizes the main findings of hemangiomas in infants. In conclusion, the article mentions a short case study, in which treatment was initiated extensive hemangioma after consultations at our clinic for checks cardiologists., Martin Pánek, and Literatura
Onemocnění lidským papilomavirem (HPV) patří mezi jednu z nejběžnějších sexuálně přenosných infekcí a HPV působí spektrum nemocí, od genitálních bradavic ke karcinomům. Důležitým cílem očkovacích programů v mnoha zemích je snížení incidence karcinomu děložního hrdla použitím kvadrivalentní (Silgard/Gardasil) nebo bivalentní (Cervarix) HPV (human papillomavirus) vakcíny. Randomizované kontrolované studie prokazují robustní protilátkovou odpověď a vysokou účinnost HPV vakcinace také u mužů. V roce 2009 Úřad pro kontrolu potravin a léčiv (FDA) v USA schválil kvadrivalentní HPV vakcínu u mužů k prevenci anální prekancerózy a karcinomu. Podrobné finanční modely, které předcházely tomuto rozhodnutí, ukázaly, že pokud se do modelů zahrne výskyt onemocnění u mužů, záleží na ceně vakcíny, pokrytí očkované populace a dalších faktorech, zda HPV vakcinace mužů může být finančně efektivní. V každém případě cílená vakcinační strategie zvláště pro muže, kteří mají sex s muži, by měla podstatné benefity., The disease of the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) belongs to one of the most prevalent sexually transmitted infections and HPV causes a spectrum of diseases, ranging from genital warts to cancer. The important goal of immunization programs in many countries is the reduction of the incidence of cervical cancer using either the quadrivalent (Silgard/Gardasil) or the bivalent (Cervarix) HPV (human papillomavirus) vaccine. Randomized controlled trials demonstrate robust antibody responses and high efficacy also in men. In 2009 the Food and Drug Administration in the USA approved the quadrivalent HPV vaccine for young men to prevent anal precancerosis and cancer. Detailed cost effective modeling has preceded this decision showing that when the burden of disease in men is included in the models then, depending upon vaccine price, coverage of a vaccinated population, and other factors male vaccination can become cost effective. In any case, a targeted vaccination strategy especially for men who have sex with men would have substantial benefits., Borek Sehnal, Jiří Sláma, and Literatura
The purpose of this study was to investigate the content neurospecific markers protein S-100 and neuroenolaza in blood serum and tear fluid of patients with ocular ischemic syndrome. Material and methods. We observed 43 patients aged 57 to 79 years, mean age 67.3 ± 2.7 years. Control group consisted of 11 volunteers without ophthalmic symptoms. The main group consisted of 32 patients with OIS. The neurospecific proteins S100 and NSE were investigated in blood serum and tear fluid. Results. The study found that in patients of the control group the content of protein were within the normal range: S -100 in the tear fluid – 0,0662 ± 0,00335 mkg/l, in the blood serum 0,0508 ± 0,00241 mkg/l. In patients of the main group the indicators of protein in the tear fluid were elevated in all patients - 3,12 ± 0,246 mkg/l ( p<0.005). The normal evels in blood serum of marker S-100 was in 30 patients - 0,0589 ± 0,00303 mkg/l, while, in 2 patients protein S-100 were raised and averaged 0,2175±0,00725 mkg/l. It was found that in patients of the control group content of protein NSE in the tear fluid and blood serum were within normal values - 15,86 ± 0,148 Ng/ml, 15,60 ± 0,202 Ng/ml respectively. In the main group the amount of protein NSE tended to increase in the tear fluid in 23 patients and averaged 33,012 ± 3,2626 Ng/ml (p<0.005), a significant decrease the quantity of protein was observed in 9 patients, which amounted to 5,166 ± 0,8301 Ng/ml. At normal levels in the blood serum protein NSE detected in 30 patients and averaged 14,48 ± 0,263 Ng/ml, whereas, in 2 patients there was a significant increase of content of protein NSE and was 27,47 ± 3,068 Ng/ml. Conclusions. Thus, changes in the concentration of S100 and neuroenolaza in the tear fluid in patients with ocular ischemic European Medical, Health and Pharmaceutical Journal ISSN 1804-5804 syndrome allow to identify as marker of nerve cells damage of the eye, contributing to the definition in conjunction with other signs of stage and etiology of the disease., Halidjan Kamilov, Munirahon Kasimova, Dilbar Makhkamova, and Literatura