The ascarid nematodes Toxocara canis (Werner, 1782) and Toxocara cati (Schrank, 1788) may infect humans resulting in toxocariasis. A prior study associated species of Toxocara Stiles, 1905 with cognitive deficits in children. To determine if a similar association between toxocariasis and cognition exists in adults, we analysed a large dataset from the United States' Center for Disease Control's National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We used linear-regression and multivariate models to examine the association between toxocariasis as assessed by the presence of anti-Toxocara IgG antibodies and three measures of cognitive function - simple reaction time (SRT), symbol-digit substitution (SDS) and serial-digit learning (SDL) in 4 279 adults aged 21 to 59 years. Toxocara seroprevalence did not vary with age or blood-lead concentration but did vary with gender, ethnicity, educational attainment and poverty-to-income ratio. Controlling for gender, age, blood-lead concentration, educational attainment, ethnic background and the poverty-to-income ratio, we found that toxocariasis predicted worse performance on the SDS but not on the SRT or the SDL. Moreover, there were significant interactions between toxocariasis and age, gender and educational attainment. In conclusion, toxocariasis appears to be associated with decreased cognitive function. Interactions between toxocariasis and gender, age and educational attainment further suggest that certain groups may be more susceptible than others to the cognitive dysfunction associated with toxocariasis in adults., Lance D. Erickson, Shawn D. Gale, Andrew Berrett, Bruce L. Brown, Dawson W. Hedges., and Obsahuje bibliografii
V našem článku prezentujeme případ 72letého pacienta s asynchronní nádorovou kvadruplicitou, z toho synchronní duplicitou urologických malignit. U tohoto pacienta byly postupně diagnostikovány a léčeny následující zhoubné nádory: seminom pravého varlete, kolorektální karcinom, seminom levého varlete a adenokarcinom prostaty., We present a case report of 72-year-old male with asynchronous cancer quadruplicity including synchronous duplicity of urological malignanties. He has been diagnosed and treated for seminoma of the right testis, colorectal carcinoma, seminoma of the left testis and adenocarcinoma of the prostate., Martin Klíma, Jan Schraml, Marek Broul, Martin Hlavička, Petr Skála, Martin Čegan, Martina Chodacká, and Literatura
Domnívám se, že právě vznik intersubjektivity je v popředí zájmu mnoha pacientů: Jak nastolit takovou atmosféru ve vztahu, ve které je možno hovořit o velmi osobních problémech bez nebezpečí devalvace? Jak vzniká respekt mezi lidmi, který se mi nedaří dosáhnout? Jak vzniká důvěra, přátelství, stojím si sám nějak k tomu v cestě? Psychoterapeut pak zkoumá, jak se tyto situace opakují ve vzájemném vztahu i jak se na nich sám podílí. To je někdy pro obě strany velmi náročné., I suppose, most of our patients are interested about how to create the intersubjectivity like to establish such a atmosphere in the relationship, which allows to speak about very personal problems without the danger of humilitation. How to obtain the respect, how arises trust and friendship, why do I fail to achieve it ? Psychotherapist examines the repetition of such situations in the mutual correlation and first of all what is his own part, how he participates on it., and Poněšický J.