More than half of all of the children in the world, which die before the age of five, die in Africa. Wider availability of several highly effecti - ve interventions such as oral rehyd - ration therapy in cases of diarrhoea could prevent large proportion of these child deaths. Unfortunately these interventions are usually not available in African countries. Ho - wever both availability of different life-saving health interventions and child mortality varies a lot across African countries. The purpose of this article is to explore what are determinants of child mortality and availability of these interventions in Africa. Both a review of existing research and a statistical analysis of data from 41 African countries point to the quality of governance and control of corruption as the most significant determinant of health system performance and availability of these life-saving interventions in Africa., Jan Klusáček, and Literatura
Automaty obsahující z hlediska zdravé výživy nevhodné potraviny a nápoje jsou dnes běžně umisťovány ve školách, nemocnicích a téměř ve všech veřejně přístupných budovách. Jsou typickými atributy celosvětově se rozmáhající fast-foodové kultury, která je jednou z příčin pandemie obezity, a to včetně alarmujícího nárůstu obezity u dětí. Automaty umisťované ve školách jsou v tomto kontextu velmi nebezpeč- né. Nejenomže posilují u dětí nesprávné výživově zvyklosti, ale také zásadně zpochybňuji důvěryhodnost výchovy ke zdraví. Z těchto důvodů v některých zemích dnes již existuje buď úplný zá- kaz automatů ve školách vůbec nebo je zavedena přísná regulace jejich obsahu. Článek podává stručný přehled o situaci ve vybraných zemích, a to s důrazem na země EU, včetně informace o vývoji a nejnovějších politických iniciativách v ČR., Vending machines containing inappropriate foods and beverages in terms of healthy eating are routinely placed in schools, hospitals and almost in all public buildings. They are typical attributes the growing and worldwide fast-food culture, which is one of the causes of obesity pandemic, including the alarming rise in obesity among children. In this context, vending machines placed in schools are very dangerous. Not only enhance children incorrect nutritional habits, but also fundamentally challenged the credibility of health education in schools. Therefore, in some countries today there is either a complete ban on sale „junge food“ and placement of vending machines in schools or there is a strict regulation of their content. The article gives a brief overview of situation in selected countries, with an emphasis on EU countries, including information on the latest developments and relevant policy initiatives in the Czech Republic., Helena Hnilicová, and Literatura
The purpose of study was to analyze clinical and genetic polymorphism of Duchenne/Becker progressive muscular dystrophies among patients with neuromuscular diseases in Uzbekistan. 106 male patients with progressive pseudohypertrophic forms of muscular dystrophy were retrospectively and prospectively analyzed in the period from 2004 till 2014: 93 patients with Duchenne PMD aged from 3 years to 18 years and 13 patients with Becker PMD aged from 10 years to 25 years, who had been examined in the medico-genetic consulting department of the Republican Center “Mother and Child Screening” of Tashkent city. Comprehensive clinical, neurophysiological, biochemical and genetic study of patients as the integral part in the differential diagnosis of Duchenne/Becker progressive muscular dystrophies allows creating the national database on D/B PMD to prevent the birth of children in families burdened by this disease., Umida Tulkinovna Omonova, and Literatura
Many aspects of surgical treatment of intestinal malrotation in children remain to be debatable. In the opinion of the majority of the specialists, surgical treatment is required after the diagnosis taking into account serious complications of intestinal malrotation. Purpose. The purpose of this research was to conduct an analysis of surgical tactics and operative treatment method for isolated and associated intestinal malrotations in children. Material and methods. We observed 123 children at the age of one day to 15 years with malrotation during the period of 2002 to 2013. Results. We presented the data from observing 123 children at the age of one day to 15 years with various clinical-anatomic forms of intestinal malrotation over from 2002 to 2013. In 62 patients (50.4%), the evidences of the high intestinal obstruction were prevalent, while 61 (49.6%) showed signs of low intestinal obstruction. 116 patients (94,3%) were given operative intervention: radical – 95(81,9%) and palliative – 21 (18,1%). In 56 % of the cases, various simultaneous surgeries were required. There are proposed differential approaches in relation to anatomic form of malrotation and possibility of the fixation of large intestine in the physiological position. Conclusion. The results obtained from the operative treatment are presented. The lethal outcomes could be reduced from 54.7%, among the patients being observed from 2002 to 2010, to 16,7% in patients being operated during 2011 to 2013., Nasriddin Shamsiddinovich Ergashev, Jamoliddin Bahronovich Sattarov, and Literatura
Cesta pacientů, kteří se stávají klienty v psychoterapii, bývá obvykle dlouhá, časově náročná, plná diagnostických vyšetření a zákroků. Důležité je, že po neúspěšných zdravotnických pokusech o diagnostiku či léčbu přicházejí zlepšit svůj somatický zdravotní stav prací se svou duší. Systemická terapie nabízí bezpečné a efektivní metody a nástroje, jak spojit léčbu tělesných a psychických potíží, a využívá při této spolupráci i samotné tělo klienta., Patiens, who become the clients of psychoterapy, have to usually pass a long and time demanding path including a lot of diagnostic procedures and medical interventions. Those unsuccesful ones, who did try hard with medical diagnostics or help finally come to improve their health conditions by working with their souls. And that is important. The systemic therapy offers safe and efective methods and instruments to combine physical and mental problems treatment as well as cooperation with the client´s body as itself. KEY WORDS: problem, Závěrková M., and Literatura