Cieľ: Cieľom práce bolo zistiť, aký vplyv má bolesť na vybrané dimenzie ţivota pacientov v domácom prostredí, medzi ktoré patrí nálada, vzťah k iným ľuďom, radosť zo ţivota, spánok. Metodika: Súbor tvorilo 144 respondentov (91 ţien a 53 muţov) v podmienkach domáceho prostredia vo veku od 29 do 97 rokov v siedmich samosprávnych krajoch Slovenska. Zber údajov prebiehal v období november 2008 aţ január 2009. V rámci realizácie zberu údajov bol pouţitý štandardizovaný dotazník BPI (Brief Pain Inventory). Výsledky boli vyhodnotené jednorozmernou deskriptívnou štatistikou. Výsledky: Prítomnosť bolesti v skúmanej vzorke negatívne ovplyvňuje náladu, spánok a radosť zo ţivota viac u muţov ako u ţien. U ţien viac ovplyvňuje bolesť vzťah k iným ľuďom ako u muţov. Štatistickým spracovaním nebola zistená signifikantná súvislosť medzi premennými: nálada – pohlavie (p = 0,387), vzťah k iným ľuďom – pohlavie (p = 0,876), spánok – pohlavie (p = 0,065), radosť zo ţivota – pohlavie (p = 0,238). Záver: Bolesť výrazne ovplyvňuje vybrané dimenzie ţivota pacientov v domácom prostredí, čo vedie k širokej škále negatívnych emocionálnych reakcií a prejavov, ktoré môţu zintenzívňovať bolesť. Pravidelné hodnotenie vplyvu bolesti na jednotlivé dimenzie ţivota pacientov prispieva veľkou mierou taktieţ ku kvalitnej komunikácií medzi sestrou pracujúcou v domácom prostredí a pacientom zaloţenou na vzájomnej dôvere., Aim: The aim of our work was to determine the impact on pain in selected domains of life of patients in home care in terms of their mood, relationship to other people, joy of life and sleep. Methods: 144 respondents (91 women and 53 men aged from 29 to 97) in home care were randomly selected to make up the sample in 7 Slovak municipalities. The data collection was gathered from November 2008 to January 2009 using brief Pain Inventory. The results were evaluated by one-dimensional descriptive statistics. Results: The presence of pain among the respondents negatively influences the spirits, sleep and joy of life; more among men than women. Pain affects relationship to other people more among women than men. Statistical analysis showed no significant correlation between variables: spirits - sex (p = 0.387), relationship to other people – sex (p = 0.876), sleep – sex (p = 0.065), the joy of life - sex (p = 0.238). Conclusion: Pain has a significant impact in selected domains of patient`s life in home care leading to a wide range of negative emotions and behavior that could intensify the pain. Regular assessment of the pain impact in selected dimensions of patient`s live influences the quality of communication between nurse working in home care and a patient that is based on mutual trust., Mária Kožuchová, and Literatura 24
The aim of the study was to establish the frequency of hypovitaminosis D in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D), its influence on biochemical and densitometric parameters and the relation to diabetic nephropathy. 58 children with T1D at the age 9–19 years were enrolled to the study. Vitamin D concentration less than 30 ng/ml was considered as insufficient. 37 children (63.79%) had vitamin D level under 30 ng/ml, from these 19 subjects (32.7%) had vitamin D level under 20 ng/ml and 2 subjects (3.44%) under 10 ng/ml. Children with vitamin D deficiency had significantly lower magnesium concentration and lower Z score of lumbar spine (−1.34 ± 1.24 vs. −0.30 ± 1.21, p = 0.01) compared to diabetics with sufficient vitamin D concentration. No significant difference was found in parameters calcium, phosphorus or glycosylated hemoglobin. Patients with diabetic nephropathy (n = 18) showed no significant difference in vitamin D, glycosylated hemoglobin or Z score of lumbar spine compared to the patients without nephropathy (n = 40). Subjects with nephropathy had significantly longer diabetes duration, significantly higher cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentration. In our cohort of patients nearly two thirds of children had insufficient vitamin D concentration what supports the need to monitor and eventually supplement vitamin D in T1D subjects., Jarmila Vojtková, Miriam Čiljaková, Lenka Vojarová, Katarína Janíková, Zuzana Michnová, Veronika Šagiová, and Literatura 35
Viral hepatitis B and C is a relevant issue because of high prevalence and degree of chronicity, late diagnosis and poor prognosis. Today, protein products of numerous genes are involved in the pathogenesis of viral pathology of the liver. In this review, the authors analysed 42 literature sources on genetic basis of susceptibility to various infectious diseases. Study of the role of immunogenetic factors is of great practical importance to develop methods for predicting outcomes of viral hepatitis., Khamid Karimov, Sevara Azimova, Bakhtiyor Iriskulov, and Literatura
We report the case of a 52year old man with severe acute pancreatitis. In this case report we discuss the undesirable effects of parenteral nutrition and the importance of nutritional support at patients with severe necrotizing pancreatitis. Severe acute pancreatitis is usually accompanied by systemic inflammatory response syndrome, which results in hypermetabolism with prominent protein catabolism. Providing nutrition to these patients is of paramount importance. An adequate nutritional support is crucial in patients with severe and complicated pancreatitis. A negative energy balance has a negative impact on the nutritional status and the disease progression., Shpata Vjollca, Kuneshka Loreta, Kurti Floreta, Ohri Ilir, and Literatura
This research paper presents the results of ovarian reserve estimation for 125 women with the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) who have undergone various methods of surgical treatment resection of the ovaries, thermokauterisation and drilling by laser (HoYag). Ovarian reserve was estimated according to the amount of antral follicles, level of follitropin and Müllerian inhibiting substance (MIS), also named antiMüllerian hormone (AMH). Blood flow in ovarian tissue was also examined after various methods of surgical treatment. The study has shown that the gentlest method of surgical treatment is drilling by HoYag laser, which is least likely to injure the tissue of ovaries, and also this method is most effective in enhancing and preserving ovarian reserve., Vasiliy Simrok, Daria Simrok-Starcheva, and Literatura
The benefits of implementing interprofessional and teambased programs are well recognized. However, for interprofessional education to be effective and broadly implemented, the health professions, policymakers, insurers, academic institutions, health care providers, and regulatory bodies should embrace and adopt a new, interprofessional education framework. These stakeholders should create a shared value and vision for interprofessional health professions education, research, and practice. This vision should be patientoriented and contain a measurable component across the entire educational continuum, from admission into a health professional program through retirement. Such a framework would maximize and value the strengths of individual professions in the integrated delivery of high quality care. Finally, in creating a successful model, a series of questions should be considered: how best can team competence be measured, how should individual behavioral changes be documented when we think of individual rather than teamlevel changes, how do we create and measure performance criteria based on shared understanding and experience in the practice setting? Within academic settings, there are more specific barriers including a lack of administrative support, financial and human resources for interprofessional education, conflicts in schedules and health professions curricula, and limitations to the time required to plan and implement faculty development for interprofessional learning. Finally, despite progress, there remain regulatory and professional barriers to achieving full and meaningful implementation of effective models. Recommendations which are given emphasize that investing in research to evaluate the efficacy of continuing education and its impact on patient outcomes and the healthcare delivery system is inherent in this process., Biljana Gjorgjeska, and Literatura
Cíl: Cílem šetření bylo zjistit, jak studenti ošetřovatelství hodnotí svoji klinickou praxi, spolupráci s mentorem, jaké aspekty ovlivňují jejich spokojenost s praxí a jak se hodnocení praxe liší na jednotlivých odděleních. Metodika: Výzkumný soubor zahrnoval 59 studentů druhého a třetího ročníku oboru všeobecná sestra. Dotazníkové šetření bylo realizováno standardizovaným nástrojem pro hodnocení klinické výukové prostředí a supervize CLES (Saarikoski, 2002) po absolvované klinické praxi studentů (2008). Výsledky: Byly potvrzeny rozdíly v hodnocení supervize a klinického výukového prostředí vzhledem k typu oddělení, kdy interní oddělení byla studenty hodnocena kladněji. Studenti hodnotili nejvyššími známkami dimenzi ošetřovatelská péče na oddělení, nejhůře pak vztah mezi mentorem a studentem. Současně byly potvrzeny pozitivní korelace mezi celkovou spokojeností studentů a jejich hodnocením. Statisticky významné vztahy byly identifikovány mezi zátěží sester na oddělení a hodnocením studentů – s vyšší fyzickou zátěží sester byla supervize a klinické výukové pracoviště hodnoceno kladněji. Závěr: Výsledky šetření ukazují na význam supervize a kvalitního klinického výukového prostředí pro ošetřovatelské praxe. Praktická výuka tvoří významnou část vzdělávacího programu sester, a proto je nezbytné sledovat zkušenosti a reflexe studentů., Objective: The aim of this study was to find out how nursing students evaluate their clinical practice, co-operation with the mentor, what aspects affects their satisfaction with the practice and how the evaluation of practice varies from wards. Methods: The sample comprised of 59 nursing students of the second and third year of study. The survey was realized by standardized Clinical Learning Environment and Supervision instrument CLES (Saarikoski, 2002) after the completion of students clinical practice (2008). Results: Differences were confirmed in the evaluation of the supervision and clinical learning environment depending on the type of wards, when the internal wards were evaluated by students more favourably. Students rated the dimension of nursing care at the word the highest marks, the lowest was rated the relationship between mentors and students. At the same time were confirmed positive correlations between students’ overall satisfaction and their evaluation. Statistically significant relationship were identified between the nurses´ workload in the wards and students´ assessment – with the higher workload of nurses was the supervision and clinical learning environment evaluated more favourably. Conclusion: The results of survey show the importance of clinical supervision and quality of clinical learning environment for nursing practice. Practical training forms an important part of nursing study programme, and therefore is necessary to monitor students´ experiences and their reflection., Eliška Skřivánková, and Literatura 13
Článek podává stručný přehled o možnostech konzervativní léčby endometriózy. Na základě poznané patofyziologie nemoci představuje léčbu hormonální, a to nejen aktuálně používanou, jako je kombinovaná hormonální antikoncepce, progestiny nebo analoga gonadoliberinů, ale i tu, která prošla klinickými studiemi, ale z důvodu ekonomické náročnosti nebo výrazných nežádoucích účinků se dnes používá jen výjimečně. Článek zmiňuje i léčbu analgetickou a alternativní, která rozšiřuje terapeutické možnosti léčby endometriózy a pomáhá odstranit její hlavní symptom, a to bolest., The article gives a brief overview of the possibilities of conservative treatment of endometriosis. Based on the pathophysiology of the disease identified a hormonal treatment, not currently used, such as combined hormonal con - traceptives, progestins or gonadotrophin analogues, but also one that has undergone clinical studies, but because of economic difficulty or significant adverse effects are rarely used today. Article mentions the analgesic and alternative treatment that extends the therapeutic treatment options for endometriosis and helps remove its main symptom, pain., Hana Hrušková, and Literatura 19
Cieľ: Príspevok má design prierezovej štúdie, s parciálnym cieľom testovať psychometrické vlastnosti nástroja kvality ţivota (Caregiver Quality of Life Index Cancer) opatrovateľov v starostlivosti o zomierajúcich z hľadiska formy poskytovanej starostlivosti. Metodika: Výskumný súbor tvorilo 263 neprofesionálnych opatrovateľov, poskytujúcich starostlivosť zomierajúcemu v podmienkach domácej, kombinovanej a paliatívnej/hospicovej starostlivosti v troch krajoch Slovenskej republiky (Prešovský, Ţilinský, Banskobystrický). Psychometrické vlastnosti nástroja pouţitého v našej štúdii boli testované na základe analýzy spoľahlivosti, korelačnej a faktorovej analýzy. Výsledky: Faktorovou analýzou sa v našom výskume podarilo potvrdiť 4-faktorovú štruktúru nástroja CQOLC (záťaţ/narušenie ţivotného štýlu; sociálna opora; pozitívna adaptácia; finančná situácia). Extrahované faktory na základe odpovedí respondentov v našom výskumnom súbore nie sú úplne identické s originálnou verziou škály CQOLC. Najlepšiu konštruktovú validitu a vnútornú konzistenciu škály CQOLC sme potvrdili u respondentov, ktorí poskytujú domácu starostlivosť zomierajúcemu príbuznému. Záver: Psychometrickou analýzou dotazníkov sme zistili, ţe reliabilita a konštruktová validita nami pouţitého nástroja je porovnateľná s originálnou verziou, napriek odchýlkam v lokalizácii niektorých poloţiek. Nástroj CQOLC je pouţiteľný na posúdenie kvality ţivota neprofesionálnych opatrovateľov v kontexte starostlivosti o zomierajúcich v domácom prostredí., Aim: The paper has the design of the cross-sectional study. The aim of the study was to test the psychometric properties of the quality of life (Caregiver Quality of Life Index of Cancer) the caregivers who provide care of the dying patients in terms of forms of care. Methods: The sample of our research consisted of 263 non-professional caregivers, providing home care of the dying, combined care and palliative care in three districts of the Slovak Republic (Prešovský, Ţilinský, Banskobystrický). Psychometric properties of the instrument used in our study were tested on the basis of the analysis of the reliability, of the correlation analysis and factor analysis. Results: Factor analysis of questionnaire CQOLC in our research confirmed the fourfactor structure of the instrument CQOLC (burden/lifestyle disruption; social support; a positive adaptation; the financial concerns). Extracted the factors on the basis of the answers of the respondents in our research are not completely identical with the original version CQOLC. The best construct validity and reliability of the CQOLC we have confirmed with the caregivers, who provide a home care of the dying patients. Conclusion: Psychometric analysis of the questionnaires we found that, the reliability and construct validity is comparable to the original version of CQOLC, despite variations in the location of some items. The CQOLC could thus form the basis for the implementation of the assessment of the quality of life of nonprofessional caregivers in the context of care for the dying at home., Radka Šerfelová, and Literatura 25