Cíl: Práce se zabývá porovnáním posturální stability u dvou vybraných souborů probandů, a to u dětí s obezitou a u atletů. Metody: U obou skupin bylo provedeno posturografi cké vyšetření pomocí dvou testů – Limity stability v náklonu tzv. Limits of Stability (LOS) a Senzorický test – Sensory Organisation Test (SOT). Na základě takto získaných výsledků byly porovnány a statisticky vyhodnoceny rozdíly mezi jednotlivými soubory. Výsledky: Práce prokázala významný vliv obezity na individuální posturální stabilitu jedince. Prokázali jsme statisticky signifi kantní rozdíly jak v reakčním čase (RT) a maximální exkurzi při testu LOS, tak i ve volbě pohybových strategií pro udržení posturální stability při testu SOT. Závěry: U dětí s obezitou je, v rámci fyzioterapie, vhodné zaměřit pohybovou aktivitu na zlepšení celkové postury a posturální stability a to např. využitím funkčního tréninku., Aim: The paper deals with the comparison of postural stability in two selected groups of probands: children with obesity and athletes. Methods: Posturographic examination was carried out in both groups through two tests – Limits of Stability (LOS) and Sensory Organization Test (SOT). Variations between individual groups were compared and statistically evaluated based on the acquired results. Results: Obesity as well as overall posture has a signifi cant impact on postural stability. We demonstrated statistically signifi cant variations in reaction time (RT) and maximum excursion in LOS test, and in SOT test in the choice of movement strategies for maintaining postural stability. Conclusions: It would be appropriate as part of physiotherapy to focus physical activities in children with obesity on improving postural stability by e. g. using functional training., Dalibor Pastucha, Radka Filipčíková, Jana Malinčíková, Jana Beránková, Dana Ripplová, Stanislav Horák, Marcela Bezdičková, Zdeňka Blažková, Alžběta Poprachová, and Literatura 14
To study defects and chromosomal abnormalities of the fetus, we retrospectively analyzed results of comprehensive dynamic survey of 26,404 pregnant women aged 1850 years old at 6 to 40 weeks of pregnancy. Of them, 25,956 (98.3%) women had physiological course of pregnancy, 448 (1.7%) women had abnormal pregnancy. For the diagnosis of fetal defects, we carried out ultrasound, biochemical, invasive and cytogenetic studies. The results of study showed that the majority of fetal defects and pathological course of pregnancy was noted in women at the age of 2125 years old, since at this age period women have the highest number of pregnancies. At the older age, we noted a gradual decrease in the number of pregnant women, as well as the number of abnormalities of the fetus. Based on the analysis of the results obtained, we have developed an algorithm for early fetal ultrasound examination. In order to exclude nondeveloping pregnancy and intrauterine fetal death, as well as for early diagnosis of fetal defects, we recommend screening women in the first trimester of pregnancy., Shahnoza Kamalidinova, and Literatura
Introduction Cutaneous malignant melanoma prevalence, incidence and mortality rates are increasing in white populations worldwide more rapidly than any other cancer site (American Cancer Society, 2006). Despite the potential importance of regular skin selfexamination and promotion of selfprotection practices, little is known about the prevalence of these practices in medical students in Albanian population. Methods This is a descriptive, quantitative crosssectional study. In this study were included a sample of 150 individuals chosen among the students of Faculty of Medicine based on their family history for skin cancer. This study was started on October the 3rd and finished on November the 12th. Subjects had to fill in a structured, selfadministered questionnaire. All participants lived within Republic of Albania but at the time of the study were students in University of Tirana, Faculty of Medicine. Results In this study that we conducted we included 150 individuals supposed to have a risk for skin cancer based on their family history. 200 individuals were approached for participation. Of these, 150 individuals returned questionnaire data, yielding a response rate of 75% among eligible, successfully contacted participants. The mean age of the sample was 20.05 years (Std. Dev. = 0.925), with males (22%) and females (78%) represented unequally, because the gender configuration of the faculty itself has gender disparities with more than 80% females and only 20% male students. The majority of the sample was born in city or town (85.3%), 14.7% was born in a village. In terms of income level, 79.3% of participants had a medium income family background, 15.3% high income and 5.3% had a low income level family background. Conclusion It is important for those individuals with family history for skin cancer (which inherently indicates risk for skin cancer) to develop selfexamination and SSE behaviours and practices in order to have a protection and at least an early detection (if onset) of the different forms of Melanoma. The results of this study provide some guide as to the key areas or 'hot spots' on which to focus attention when designing supportive care interventions for melanoma survivors and those at high risk of skin cancer., Yllka Bilushi, Rozeta Luci, Loreta Kuneshka, Numila Maliqari, and Literatura
Cieľ: Cieľom prieskumu bolo zistiť prevalenciu a rizikové faktory hypertenzie bieleho plášťa (WCH) u detí. Metodika: Formou retrospektívnej štúdie sme analyzovali zdravotné záznamy 140 detí (36 dievčat, 104 chlapcov) s vysokým krvným tlakom nameraným v kardiologickej ambulancii, u ktorých bolo vykonané 24-hodinové ambulantné monitorovanie krvného tlaku (ABPM) a určený typ hypertenzie. Hypertenzia bola diagnostikovaná, keď bol systolický a/alebo diastolický krvný tlak meraný auskultačnou technikou ≥ 95. percentil pre pohlavie, vek a výšku. WCH bola definovaná ako priemerná hodnota krvného tlaku v ambulancii nachádzajúca sa v percentilovom pásme hypertenzie a hodnota tlaku krvi počas 24-hodinového monitorovania ambulantného tlaku nachádzajúca sa v pásme normálnych hodnôt krvného tlaku. Výsledky: V skupine 140 detí bola potvrdená prítomnosť WCH u 51 detí (36,4 %) – 13 dievčat a 38 chlapcov. Z celkového súboru sa WCH vyskytovala u 36,1 % zaradených dievčat a 36,5 % zaradených chlapcov. Systolický TK sa v kardiologickej ambulancii nachádzal nad 95. percentilom, diastolický TK pod 90. percentilom. Väčšina pacientov s WCH bola vo veku 15 – 19 rokov (80,4 %) a v pásme od 3. do 90. percentilu BMI (72,5 %). U pacientov prevládala negatívna rodinná anamnéza hypertenzie (54,9 %) a zriedkavé návštevy kardiologickej ambulancie (2-4x). Krvný tlak v ambulancii merala deťom výlučne sestra. Záver: Zistenie prevalencie WCH a jej rizikových faktorov je u detí významné, pretože prevažuje názor, že v detskom veku je WCH predispozíciou k trvalej hypertenzii. Na základe zistení rizikových faktorov, môžeme vykonávať prevenciu WCH., Aim: The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence and risk factors of white coat hypertension (WCH) in children. Methods: We realized the retrospective study and analyzed records of 140 children (36 girls, 104 boys) with high blood pressure measured in cardiology outpatients' clinic, to whom a 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) was made and the type of hypertension was specified. Hypertension was diagnosed when systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure measurements with auscultatory technique were ≥ 95th percentile for sex, age and height. White coat hypertension (WCH) has been defined as mean blood pressure (BP) readings in outpatients' clinic being located in the hypertensive range while 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring is in the normal range. Results: In the group of 140 children the presence of WCH was confirmed in 51 children (36,4 %) - 13 girls and 38 boys. WCH occurred in 36,1 % of girls and 36,5 % of boys in the total sample of respondents. Systolic BP in cardiology outpatients' clinic reached the value above the 95th percentile, diastolic BP below the 90th percentile. The most patients with WCH were 15 – 19 years old (80,4 %) and in 3rd - 90th percentile of BMI (72,5 %). Patients prevailed negative family history of hypertension (54,9 %) and fewer visit (2-4 times) of cardiology outpatients' clinic. Blood pressure of children was measured exclusively by a nurse in this outpatients' clinic. Conclusion: Determination of the prevalence of WCH and its risk factors in children is important because of prevailing opinion that WCH in children is predisposition in permanent hypertension. Based on the detection of risk factors, we can implement prevention of WCH., Anna Ovšonková, Daniela Kubisová, and Literatura
We studied the relationship of connective tissue state with magnesium and hydroxyproline levels in blood and urine of young women with primary dysmenorrhea. Study showed that in girls with dysmenorrhea and phenomena of connective tissue dysplasia hydroxyproline level in urine was increased which was associated with increased degradation of collagen and decreased level of magnesium in blood serum. This should be noted in differentiated approach to the treatment of dysmenorrhea., Oltinoy Yakubova, and Literatura
Cíl: Práce se zaměřuje na zjištění vlivu sociální opory jako protektivního faktoru zdraví na míru deprese, úzkosti a životní spokojenosti u pacientů léčených pro lékařskou diagnózu F10.2 Závislost na alkoholu a F32 Depresivní epizoda na odděleních psychiatrie. Metody: Pro účely výzkumu byl zvolen kvantitativní přístup. Ke sběru dat byla použita dotazníková baterie. Baterii tvořily čtyři standardizované dotazníky: PSSS (Perceived Social Support Scale) J. A. Blumenthala, BDI-II (Beck Depression Inventory) Becka a kol., SAS (Self Rating Anxiety Scale) Zungova sebeposuzovací stupnice úzkosti a DŽS – Dotazník životní spokojenosti Fahrenberga et al. Výsledky: Z výsledků výzkumného šetření vyplynulo, že existuje statisticky významný rozdíl v míře sociální opory mezi skupinou kontrolní a zkoumanou (pacienti s lékařskou diagnózou deprese a závislost na alkoholu). Potvrdil se předpoklad o existenci signifi kantního negativního vztahu mezi mírou úzkosti a sociální opory u pacientů s lékařskou diagnózou závislost na alkoholu. Výsledek potvrzuje protektivní vliv sociální opory ve vztahu ke zdraví. Nebyla prokázána existence signifi kantního vztahu mezi mírou deprese a mírou sociální opory. Výsledky výzkumu rovněž potvrzují, že existuje statisticky významný rozdíl v míře životní spokojenosti mezi skupinou kontrolní a zkoumanou (osoby se závislostí na alkoholu). Na základě výsledků výzkumu lze konstatovat, že existuje signifi kantní pozitivní vztah mezí mírou sociální opory a mírou životní spokojenosti u osob se závislostí na alkoholu. Závislost na alkoholu vede ke snížení životní spokojenosti. Závěr: Výzkum prokázal význam sociální opory jako protektivního faktoru zdraví. Potvrdilo se, že se zvyšující se mírou sociální opory se snižuje míra úzkosti a naopak se zvyšuje míra celkové životní spokojenosti u osob se závislostí na alkoholu., Aim: The article focuses on the effect of social support as a health protective factor against depression, anxiety and life satisfaction in patients treated for the diagnosis F10.2 Alcohol dependence and F32 Depression on psychiatric wards. Methods: A quantitative approach was chosen for the research. To collect data, a questionnaire battery comprising four standardised questionnaires was used: PSSS (Perceived Social Support Scale) J. A. Blumenthal, BDI-II (Beck Depression Inventory) Beck et al., SAS (Zung’s Self Rating Anxiety Scale) and Questionnaire of Life Satisfaction by Fahrenberg et al. Results: The results of the research show that there is a statistically signifi cant diff erence in the degree of social support between the control and target group (patients with medical diagnosis of depression and alcohol dependence). It confi rmed the assumption about signifi cant negative relation between the degree of anxiety and social support in patients with medical diagnosis of alcohol dependence. The existence of a signifi cant relationship between the level of depression and level of social support was not confi rmed. The research results also confi rm the existence of a statistically signifi cant diff erence in the degree of life satisfaction between the control and target group (people with alcohol dependence). Based on the results, we can claim there is a signifi cant positive relation between the degree of social support and the degree of life satisfaction in people with alcohol dependence. Alcohol dependence leads to lower life satisfaction. Conclusion: The research has proved the importance of social support as a health protective factor and confi rmed that the increased degree of social support decreases anxiety rate and contrarily, it increases the overall life satisfaction in persons with alcohol dependence., Šárka Ježorská, Tereza Hrtůsová, Martina Černá, Jan Chrastina, and Literatura
Cíl: Cílem výzkumného šetření bylo získat informace o protektivních a rizikových faktorech stravování a stravovacích návyků ve vztahu k prevenci kolorektálního karcinomu, a to u záměrně vybrané skupiny adolescentů a dospělých. Výsledky byly porovnávány mezi oběma skupinami a s údaji publikovanými v odborných časopisech. Metodika: Pro výzkum bylo zvoleno kvantitativní dotazníkové šetření za pouţití nestandardizovaného dotazníku vlastní tvorby hodnotícího způsob stravování u obou skupin respondentů. Šetření probíhalo ve dvou záměrně vybraných středních školách a ve čtyřech podnicích v Hradci Králové v období října aţ prosince 2012. Výsledky: Celkem bylo do výzkumného šetření zařazeno 343 respondentů, z toho 123 adolescentů (36 %) a 220 dospělých (64 %). Statistické testování prokázalo, ţe se dospělí stravují kvalitněji neţ adolescenti, přesto však obě skupiny konzumují ovoce a zeleninu v nedostatečném mnoţství a naopak často konzumují červené maso, masné výrobky a potraviny upravené smaţením. Špatné stravovací návyky dosvědčuje i prevalence nadváhy a obezity; 20,4 % dotázaných adolescentů a 63,6 % dospělých má vyšší neţ normální váhu. Třetina adolescentů se navíc stravuje v řetězcích s rychlým občerstvením. Závěr: Zdravá výţiva a vhodné stravovací návyky hrají klíčovou roli v prevenci mnoha onemocnění. Spolu s adekvátní pohybovou aktivitou a nekouřením zásadně sniţují riziko vzniku nejen kolorektálního karcinomu, ale i dalších nádorových i nenádorových onemocnění. Přesto však způsob stravování není ze zdravotního hlediska příznivý a přibývá osob s nadměrnou hmotností., Aim: The aim of the research was to get information about protective and dangerous factors of nutrition and eating habits in relation to the prevention of colorectal cancer. It focuses on intentionally chosen groups of adolescents and adults. The results were compared between both groups of respondents and with information published in professional periodicals. Methods: Quantitative research based on non-standardized questionnaires of own formulation evaluating a way of alimentation of both groups of respondents was chosen. The research took place in two chosen secondary schools and in four companies in Hradec Králové in a period from October to December 2012. Results: The total amount of 343 respondents participated in the research, namely 123 adolescents (36 %) and 220 adults (64 %). Statistical testing has shown that the eating habits of adults are of a higher quality than the eating habits of adolescents. Nevertheless, both groups consume insufficient amount of fruit and vegetables. On the other hand, they frequently consume red meat, meat products and fried food. Bad eating habits are proven even by the quantity of overweight and obesity occurrence; 20,4 % of interviewed adolescents and even 63,6 % of interviewed adults are of a higher than normal weight. Moreover, one third of adolescents eat in fast-foods. Conclusion: Healthy nutrition and correct eating habits play a key role in the prevention of many diseases. Together with adequate physical activity and no smoking they reduce essentially the risk of occurrence not only of colorectal cancer but also of other cancerous and noncancerous diseases. However, the way of alimentation is not beneficial from the point of view of health and the number of people with overweight is increasing., Tereza Dolénková, Pavol Hlúbik, and Literatura
Cíl: Cílem našeho příspěvku bylo zjistit vztah mezi konstrukty kvality života související se zdravím Health Related Quality of Life, používaný ve standardní zkratce HRQoL a subjektivní pohody Subjective well-being, používaný ve standardně zavedené zkratce SWB, u pacientů s chronickým onemocněním, konkrétně bronchiálním astmatem. Zaměřujeme se na diskriminační validitu obou konstruktů. Metodika: Výzkumný soubor tvořilo 316 pacientů, kteří byli vyšetřeni na plicní ambulanci ve Fakultní nemocnici Ostrava. HRQoL byla hodnocena prostřednictvím zkrácené verze Dotazníku kvality života astmatiků (Mini Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire, Mini AQLQ), SWB prostřednictvím Indexu osobní pohody (Personal Wellbeing Index, PWI). Ke zjištění závislosti mezi vybranými proměnnými byl použit Pearsonův korelační koeficient a lineární regresní analýza. Diskriminační validitu jsme zkoumali prostřednictvím zkoumání rozdílů v HRQoL a SWB z hlediska vybraných klinických proměnných. Rozdíly v HRQoL a SWB byly zjišťovány vícefaktorovou analýzou rozptylu (ANOVA). Výsledky: Korelace mezi HRQoL (operacionalizované prostřednictvím Mini AQLQ) a SWB (operacionalizované prostřednictvím PWI) jsou pozitivní a středně silné. Percepce kontroly astmatu byla identifikovaná jako signifikantní prediktor obou konstruktů, avšak vytvářela vyšší míru variability v rámci HRQoL. Závěr: SWB a HRQoL představují související, avšak odlišné konstrukty. Výsledky podporují chápání HRQoL jako konstruktu založeném na větší míře klinických proměnných než je tomu u SWB., Aim: The goal of the study was to determine the relationship between the health-related quality of life (usually abbreviated as HRQoL) and subjective well-being (usually abbreviated as SWB) of patients with chronic disease, namely bronchial asthma. The focus was on discriminative validity of both constructs. Methods: The research sample consisted of 316 patients examined at the Pulmonary Clinic of the University Hospital Ostrava. HRQoL was assessed by a short version of the Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (Mini AQLQ) and SWB was assessed by the Personal Wellbeing Index (PWI). Pearson’s correlation coefficient and linear regression analysis were used for evaluation of dependencies between selected variables. Discriminative validity was explored by examination of differences between HRQoL and SWB relevant to selected clinical variables. Differences in HRQoL and SWB were detected by multi-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: The correlations between HRQoL (assessed by the Mini AQLQ) and SWB (assessed by the PWI) are positive and moderate. Perception of asthma control was identified as a significant predictor of both constructs. However, it produced greater variance in the context of HRQoL. Conclusion: SWB and HRQoL are related but distinct constructs. The results support the notion of HRQoL as a construct based on a larger set of clinical variables as compared to SWB., Patricie Popelková, Elena Gurková, and Literatura
Many aspects of surgical treatment of intestinal malrotation in children remain to be debatable. In the opinion of the majority of the specialists, surgical treatment is required after the diagnosis taking into account serious complications of intestinal malrotation. Purpose. The purpose of this research was to conduct an analysis of surgical tactics and operative treatment method for isolated and associated intestinal malrotations in children. Material and methods. We observed 123 children at the age of one day to 15 years with malrotation during the period of 2002 to 2013. Results. We presented the data from observing 123 children at the age of one day to 15 years with various clinical-anatomic forms of intestinal malrotation over from 2002 to 2013. In 62 patients (50.4%), the evidences of the high intestinal obstruction were prevalent, while 61 (49.6%) showed signs of low intestinal obstruction. 116 patients (94,3%) were given operative intervention: radical – 95(81,9%) and palliative – 21 (18,1%). In 56 % of the cases, various simultaneous surgeries were required. There are proposed differential approaches in relation to anatomic form of malrotation and possibility of the fixation of large intestine in the physiological position. Conclusion. The results obtained from the operative treatment are presented. The lethal outcomes could be reduced from 54.7%, among the patients being observed from 2002 to 2010, to 16,7% in patients being operated during 2011 to 2013., Nasriddin Shamsiddinovich Ergashev, Jamoliddin Bahronovich Sattarov, and Literatura
The Material of the study has formed 78 sick, found on stationary treatment in Republican Scientific Centre Coloproktologii since 1992 on 2010. As it is seen, from table, from 78 sick mans was 58(74,3%), womans 20(25,7%). 19(24,3), sick were at age from 15 before 20 years, 49(60,2%) at age from 21 before 40 years and 13 (16,6%) sick from 41 before 60 years. The Main complaint sick at arrival were a stubborn constipations, which noted beside 70 (89,7%) sick, including absence of the independent chair existed beside 55(70,5%), but beside 54(69,2%) sick were noted periodic stomachache, growing on measure of the absence of the chair. The Ballooned belly existed beside all 78 (100%) sick moreover beside 20(25,6%) of them flatulence was constant. The Sickness and retching existed beside 24(30,7%), weakness, reduction to capacity to work beside 52(66,6%), increasing of the temperature of the body beside 10(12,8%), paradoxical diarrhoeas beside 6(7,6%) sick. Endoskopicheskiy method (rectoromonoscopy, colonoscopy) turned out to be else less informations 51,8% coincidences of the diagnosis. So we biopsy on Svensonu executed beside all sick, entered with suspicion on disease Girshprunga. In our observations from 78 sick beside 42(53,8,1%) were aboveanalni, beside 20(25,6%) sick rectalis, beside 13(16,6%)rectosigmoideys , beside 2(2,5%) leftside and beside 1(1,2%) sick subtotalis form hipoganglios. At biopsies on Svensonu on observations, from 78 sick, beside 44(56,4%) is revealled hipoganglios, but beside 35(44,8%) аganglios rectum. As can be seen from presented tables, from 78 sick beside 68(87,2%) us is executed onemoments radical operation, 10(12,8%) sick is as far as possible made resection hipoor aganglionarnaya of the zone, decompensate part of the large intestine and is formed colostomy. In all events at operations. The Remote results executed radical operation on cause disease Girshprunga traced from 1 before 10 years beside 57(73%) sick. The Results of the surgical treatment were valued on scale Vezika: good, satisfactory and unsatisfactory. In our observations beside 46(80,7%) sick results came in well, beside 10(17,5%) satisfactory and beside 1(1,8%) sick was an unsatisfactory result., Mirzahmedov M. M., Ahmedov M. A., Sapaev D. A., and Literatura