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1082. Relation of influencing variables and weather conditions on rainfall partitioning by birch and pine trees

Creator:
Zabret, Katarina and Šraj, Mojca
Format:
počítač and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
throughfall, stemflow, rainfall interception, rainfall microstructure, boosted regression trees, and random forest
Language:
Slovak
Description:
General weather conditions may have a strong influence on the individual elements of the hydrological cycle, an important part of which is rainfall interception. The influence of general weather conditions on this process was analysed, evaluating separately the influence of various variables on throughfall, stemflow, and rainfall interception for a wet (2014), a dry (2015), and an average (2016) year. The analysed data were measured for the case of birch and pine trees at a study site in the city of Ljubljana, Slovenia. The relationship between the components of rainfall partitioning and the influential variables for the selected years was estimated using two statistical models, namely boosted regression trees and random forest. The results of both implemented models complemented each other well, as both indicated the rainfall amount and the number of raindrops as the most influential variables. During the wet year 2014 rainfall duration seems to play an important role, correlating with the previously observed influence of the variables during the wetter leafless period. Similarly, during the dry year 2015, rainfall intensity had a significant influence on rainfall partitioning by the birch tree, again corresponding to the influences observed during the drier leafed period.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

1083. Relationship between cough reflex sensitivity and body mass index in children with chronic cough - a pilot study

Creator:
Pecova, Renata, Sojak, Jan, Durdik, Peter, Zatko, Tomas, Omar Mohamedova, Eva, Grendar, Marian, and Tatar, Milos
Format:
počítač and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
cough, chronic cough, cough reflex sensitivity, Body mass index, children, and atopy
Language:
English
Description:
Obesity is characterized by chronic, low-grade systemic inflammation. Obesity may also be associated with chronic cough. The aim of this pilot study was to clarify relation of cough reflex sensitivity and body mass index (BMI) in children with chronic cough. Altogether 41 children having symptoms of chronic cough were submitted to cough reflex sensitivity measurement. We assessed the relation of cough reflex sensitivity (CKR) due to BMI. Cough reflex sensitivity was defined as the lowest capsaicin concentration which evoked two (C2) or five (C5) coughs. Capsaicin aerosol in doubling concentrations (from 0.61 to 1250 µmol/l) was inhaled by a single breath method (KoKo DigiDoser; nSpire heath Inc, Louisville, CO, USA), modified by the addition of an inspiratory flow regulator valve (RIFR; nSpire heath Inc, Louisville, CO, USA). BMI was calculated. Pulmonary function was within normal range. Concentrations of capsaicin causing two (C2) and five coughs (C5) were reported. Children' (22 boys and 19 girls, mean age 6.8 years) cough reflex sensitivity (median, with the InterQuartile Range) for C2 was 19.5 (73.4) µmol/l; for C5 it was 78.1 (605.5) µmol/l. We have noticed statistically significant relation of the cough reflex sensitivity (C5) and body mass index (P<0.0001); however, the effect size was small, R2 =0.03. Increase of body mass index in one unit is associated with -34.959 µmol/l decrease of C5. We did not find a statistically significant relation between C2 and BMI (P=0.41). The median value of CKR (C2) in boys is not statistically significantly different than the median value of CKR (C2) in girls (P-value 0.5). The median value of CKR (C5) in boys is not statistically significantly different than the median value of CKR (C5) in girls (P-value 0.5). Increase of body mass index in children suffering from chronic cough relates to decrease of cough reflex sensitivity (C5 value).
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

1084. Relationships between Psychidae communities (Lepidoptera: Tineoidea) and the ecological characteristics of old-growth forests in a beech dominated landscape

Creator:
Scalercio, Stefano, Bonacci, Teresa, Turco, Rosario, and Bernardini, Vincenzo
Format:
print, počítač, and online zdroj
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, motýli, biodiverzita, butterflies, biodiversity, Itálie, Italy, Lepidoptera, Psychidae, biological conservation, forest planning, old-growth, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
Several studies address the question of which forest attributes are most important for the conservation of biodiversity. Unfortunately, there are no unequivocal answers because the response of a biological group to changes in forest structure depends on its natural history and scale of organization. It is important to increase our knowledge of the potential relationships between under studied groups of species and forest variables in order to adopt timber harvesting strategies not detrimental to biodiversity, especially in old-growth forests. We assessed the importance of 10 forest attributes and old-growth for Psychidae (Lepidoptera) species and communities. Research was carried out in 12 forest stands in a mountainous beech dominated landscape in southern Italy, in the middle of the Mediterranean Basin. Samples were collected in 2001 and 2013 and data were merged after pairwise comparison analyses that confirmed the long term stability of communities. Correspondence Analysis, Cluster Analysis and non-parametric Spearman Rank Order Correlation were used to identify determinants of Psychidae abundance and diversity. We collected 2,732 Psychidae belonging to 8 species. Correspondence analysis identified old-growth as the main determinant of communities. Most significant attributes for individual species were beech dominance, diameter at breast height and its standard deviation. For Taleporia defoliella there were positive correlations with these forest parameters, whereas for Psyche crassiorella the correlations were negative. This study underlined the importance of forest attributes associated with old-growth forests for sustaining biodiversity. These findings indicate the need to incorporate these attributes in forest planning, especially those aspects that are easily recognizable such as the number of large trees., Stefano Scalercio, Teresa Bonacci, Rosario Turco, Vincenzo Bernardini., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

1085. Reliabilita a faktorová validita dotazníku SPARO

Creator:
Cígler, Hynek and Rudá, Adéla
Format:
počítač and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
vnitřní konzistence, faktorová validita, SPARO, policejní sbor ČR, personální výběr, internal consistency, factor validity, Police of the Czech Republic, and personal selection
Language:
Czech
Description:
V roce 2009 patřil dotazník SPARO k nejpoužívanějším metodám psychologické diagnostiky v ČR (Urbánek, 2010), a to zejména mezi psychology působícími v personalistice, vězeňství, policii a armádě. Empirické důkazy jeho validity a reliability ovšem chybějí. S využitím rozsáhlého vzorku policistů a uchazečů o práci u policie jsme proto ověřili reliabilitu a faktorovou validitu dotazníku. Výsledky ukazují, že vnitřní konzistence je neuspokojivá u zhruba poloviny škál, jednotlivé škály navíc nejsou jednodimenzionální. Faktorová validita je problematická zejména u hlavních komponent dotazníku, které spolu oproti předpokladům silně korelují. Tyto korelace navíc byly přítomny i v původních standardizačních vzorcích, protože se neliší námi pozorované a originální korelační matice. Faktorová struktura dvou „obecnějších faktorů“ je komplikovaná, nelze v rozporu s teorií identifikovat dvě nezávislé latentní proměnné. Výsledky nepodporují využití dotazníku v běžné praxi. Za tímto účelem by bylo nezbytné prokázat prediktivní validitu jednotlivých škál dotazníku; souběžnou validitu ověřujeme v další studii (Cígler & Rudá, 2021). and In 2009, the SPARO questionnaire was one of the most used assessment methods in the Czech Republic (Urbánek, 2010), especially between psychologists in human resources, prisons, police, or the army. However, empirical evidence of its reliability and validity is missing. Using a significant sample of police officers and applicants to police, we researched the questionnaire's reliability and factor validity. About half of the scales do not have adequate internal consistency; the majority of them are not unidimensional. Factor validity is questionable, especially in the main components of the questionnaire, which are highly correlated. These correlations were also present in the original standardized samples as our and original correlation matrices do not differ. The factor structure of the two general factors items is not clear and two-dimensional. Our results do not support the use of the questionnaire in practice. It is necessary to confirm its’ predictive validity; the criterion validity is evaluated in our follow up study (Cígler & Rudá, 2021).
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

1087. Reproductive biology of pioneer round gobies (Neogobius melanostomus Pallas, 1814) at the edge of their invasion front in three small rivers (Lower Danube Basin, Bulgaria)

Creator:
Dashinov, Dimitriy D. and Uzunova, Eliza P.
Format:
počítač and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
fecundity, size of maturity, sex ratio, GSI, and invasive Gobiidae
Language:
English
Description:
Reproductive traits are among the most important biological characteristics that facilitate or impede the establishment of non-native fish into new environments. In several tributaries of the Lower River Danube (Bulgaria), the round goby (Neogobius melanostomus Pallas, 1814) is a recent invader. Specimens from the edge of the invasion front were collected monthly (March 2017 to May 2018) from each river. The pioneer individuals displayed relatively small body sizes. First maturation of females occurs at 49 mm total length. Based on the dynamics of oocyte size and GSI, it was established that spawning begins in early spring, at a relatively low water temperature (6-7 °C). The breeding season extended from March to June. Average absolute fecundity was 162 ± 62 oocytes, while average relative fecundity was 94 oocytes/g ± 24. Female fecundity is linearly dependent on the length and weight. Both of the known male alternative reproductive tactics were observed. Body condition factor was lowest during April for both sexes. The relationship between reproductive traits and invasive potential in N. melanostomus is discussed.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

1088. Reproductive innovation and the recognition of a new genus within the Polystomatidae (Monogenea) infecting chelonian vertebrates

Creator:
Tinsley, Richard C
Format:
print, počítač, and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
rozmnožování (biologie), evoluce (biologie), děloha, reproduction, evolution (biology), uterus, Polystomoides, Uteropolystomoides nelsoni, oötype, helminth egg production, key, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
Polystomatid monogeneans have a wide diversity of life cycles correlated with the varied ecology and behaviour of their aquatic vertebrate hosts. Typically, transmission involves a swimming infective larva but most hosts are amphibious and invasion is interrupted when hosts leave water. A key life cycle adaptation involves a uterus that, in the most specialised cases, may contain several hundred fully-developed larvae prepared for instant host-to-host transmission. By contrast, one subfamily of the Polystomatidae - the Polystomoidinae, specific to chelonians (freshwater turtles) - has a simplified reproductive system without a uterus. Recently, Polystomoides nelsoni Du Preez et Van Rooyen, 2015 has been described with a uterus containing multiple eggs. The present study explores the exceptional interest of this parasite - for the functional biology of egg production, for the evolution of a reproductive system unique amongst ca 60 species in the subfamily, and for systematic relationships. A new genus is proposed, Uteropolystomoides gen. n., separate from the four currently-recognised genera Polystomoides Ward, 1917, Uropolystomoides Tinsley et Tinsley, 2016, Neopolystoma Price, 1939 and Polystomoidella Price, 1939 which lack a uterus. In addition, U. nelsoni (Du Preez et Van Rooyen, 2015) comb. n. has a suite of distinctive copulatory stuctures: a massive genital bulb with an exceptionally large number of very long genital spines and hyper-development of the vaginal openings. These characters set U. nelsoni apart from all other polystomoidines worldwide except Polystomoides multifalx Stunkard, 1924 and P. stunkardi Harwood, 1931. Missing data for these latter species preclude definitive assessment of inter-relationships but the distinguishing characters of U. nelsoni, especially the unique occurrence of the uterus, suggest a novel evolutionary pathway isolated from other lineages of polystomatids infecting chelonians., Richard C. Tinsley., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

1089. Reproductive status of Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) affects its response to infection by Steinernema feltiae (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae)

Creator:
Kramarz, Paulina, Małek, Dariusz, Gaweł, Maria, Drobniak, Szymon M., and Homa, Joanna
Format:
print, počítač, and online zdroj
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, brouci, potemníkovití, sexuální dimorfismus, infekce, beetles, Tenebrionidae, sexual dimorphism, infections, Coleoptera, Tribolium castaneum, Rhabditida, Steinernematidae, Steinernema feltiae, phenoloxidase, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
Gender-specific reproductive roles are important factors determining sexual dimorphism. Here, we investigate the effects of sex-based differences and reproductive status on the defence of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst, 1797) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) against infection by Steinernema feltiae (Filipjev, 1934) (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae). Female and male beetles, either virgin or post-copulation, were exposed individually to nematodes. Individuals were then sampled every 12 h, dissected, and checked for the presence of nematodes; we also measured their phenoloxidase (PO) activity. Reproductive status affected resistance to nematodes and PO activity as infected virgin individuals had a higher PO activity and lower mortality than reproducing individuals, with no differences between sexes. Mortality also increased with time, while PO activity did not change. Parasite load was related to reproductive status and sex, with reproducing females with the highest parasite loads in all treatments, and virgin males with more nematodes than sexually active males. Our results indicate that the costs of reproduction impair the immunological system of T. castaneum similarly in both sexes. It is possible, however, that other components of the immunological system that we did not measure, such as lysozyme activity, are impaired by infection with S. feltiae in a sex-specific way., Paulina Kramarz, Dariusz Małek, Maria Gaweł, Szymon M. Drobniak, Joanna Homa., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

1090. Research progress on flat epithelium of the inner ear

Creator:
He, Lu, Guo, Jing-Ying, Liu, Ke, Wang, Guo-Peng, and Gong, Shu-Sheng
Format:
počítač and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
poranění, wounds and injuries, supporting cell, flat epithelium, cochlear, vestibular, hair cell, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Sensorineural hearing loss and vertigo, resulting from lesions in the sensory epithelium of the inner ear, have a high incidence worldwide. The sensory epithelium of the inner ear may exhibit extreme degeneration and is transformed to flat epithelium (FE) in humans and mice with profound sensorineural hearing loss and/or vertigo. Various factors, including ototoxic drugs, noise exposure, aging, and genetic defects, can induce FE. Both hair cells and supporting cells are severely damaged in FE, and the normal cytoarchitecture of the sensory epithelium is replaced by a monolayer of very thin, flat cells of irregular contour. The pathophysiologic mechanism of FE is unclear but involves robust cell division. The cellular origin of flat cells in FE is heterogeneous; they may be transformed from supporting cells that have lost some features of supporting cells (dedifferentiation) or may have migrated from the flanking region. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition may play an important role in this process. The treatment of FE is challenging given the severe degeneration and loss of both hair cells and supporting cells. Cochlear implant or vestibular prosthesis implantation, gene therapy, and stem cell therapy show promise for the treatment of FE, although many challenges remain to be overcome., Lu He, Jing-Ying Guo, Ke Liu, Guo-Peng Wang, Shu-Sheng Gong., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public