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52. Canine thelaziosis in the Czech Republic: the northernmost autochthonous occurrence of the eye nematode Thelazia callipaeda Railliet et Henry, 1910 in Europe

Creator:
Milan Jirků, Roman Kuchta, Gricaj, Elena, David Modrý, and Jirků Pomajbíková, Kateřina
Format:
print, počítač, and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
šelmy, psi, carnivora, dogs, Česko, Europe, Czechia, vector-borne disease, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
The eye nematode Thelazia callipaeda Railliet et Henry, 1910 (Spirurida: Thelaziidae) is a vector-borne zoonotic nematode infecting a range of wild and domestic carnivores as well as humans. It is considered to be a causative agent of emerging and neglected disease and currently invades central part of Europe. Nematodes were collected from the eye of a dog living in Prague, which never travelled outside the Czech Republic. The nematodes were identified based on their morphology and partial sequence of the cox1 gene as T. callipaeda haplotype 1. This finding represents the northernmost record of autochthonous canine thelaziosis in Europe. The insufficient control of imported animals as well as free movement of dogs and wild carnivores within Europe probably facilitates spreading of T. callipaeda throughout the continent. To better understand the spreading of T. callipaeda and to prevent its zoonotic transmissions, information about the risk of this infection in newly invaded countries should be disseminated not only among veterinarians and physicians, but also within the community of pet owners and hunters., Milan Jirků, Roman Kuchta, Elena Gricaj, David Modrý and Kateřina Jirků Pomajbíková., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

53. Cannibalism in mosquito larvae during microbial larvicide potency tests

Creator:
Uspensky, Igor and Braun, Sergei
Format:
print, počítač, and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Bacillus, bioassay, larval feeding, larval starvation, intraspecific predation, Culex pipiens, Lysinibacillus sphaericus (Bacillus sphaericus), 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
We observed instances of cannibalism (intraspecific predation) among intra-instar larvae of Culex pipiens Linnaeus, 1758 while performing a bioassay of Lysinibacillus sphaericus (formerly named Bacillus sphaericus) larvicide, when the larvae were exposed to the larvicide for 48 h in the absence of food. Larvae without symptoms of poisoning attacked and devoured those visibly affected. Cannibalism was more prevalent in 1st-2nd instar larvae than in 3rd-4th instar. This phenomenon should be taken into account when interpreting the results of larvicide bioassays, especially when the exposure lasts over 24 h. The necessity of creating optimal conditions for organisms tested is emphasised., Igor Uspensky and Sergei Braun., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

54. Capsazepine affects thermal preferences of the American cockroach (Blattodea: Blattidae)

Creator:
Maliszewska, Justyna and Tęgowska, Eugenia
Format:
print, počítač, and online zdroj
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, švábovití, Blattidae, Blattodea, American cockroach, behavioural thermoregulation, capsaicin, capsazepine, TRPV, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
Capsazepine is a competitive antagonist of capsaicin, a TRPV1 agonist responsible for the spicy taste of pepper. TRPV1 agonists and antagonists are known to affect mammalian body temperature, but their action on thermoregulation in insects is poorly known. In this study we evaluated the effect of capsazepine on the thermal preference of the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana using a thermal gradient. Our results revealed that capsazepine in submicromolar concentrations induces a preference for higher ambient temperatures when compared to the control insects. To assess whether capsazepine may act also as an antagonist of capsaicin in insects, we determined this insects' thermal behaviour when capsazepine was applied before capsaicin. The hypothermic response to capsaicin was clearly blocked by pre-treatment with capsazepine only in female American cockroaches. Our results indicate the involvement of structures functionally similar to TRPV1 in insect thermosensation., Justyna Maliszewska, Eugenia Tęgowska., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

55. Castosyringophilus meropis sp. n. (Acariformes: Syringophilidae): a new quill mite species parasitising the world population of Merops apiaster Linnaeus (Coraciiformes: Meropidae)

Creator:
Skoracki, Maciej, Martin Hromada, and Sikora, Bozena
Format:
print, počítač, and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
ptáci, parazitologie, birds, parasitology, acari, ectoparasites, faunistics, systematics, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
A new species, Castosyringophilus meropis sp. n., found in quills of feathers of the European bee-eater Merops apiaster Linnaeus (Coraciiformes: Meropidae) is described. This new species is close to C. claravis Skoracki et Glowska, 2008 and differs, in females, by the presence apunctate coxal fields (vs sparsely punctate in C. claravis) and by the lengths of setae d1 145-180 µm, f2 170-185 µm and ag3 190-215 µm (vs d1 200-220 µm, f2 230-250 µm and ag3 150-170 µm). We present a vast mite material collected from bee-eaters originated from different localities in Europe, Asia and Africa, both breeding and wintering grounds of this bird. It indicates that the whole world population of the European bee-eater is parasitised by this quill mite species., Maciej Skoracki, Martin Hromada, Bozena Sikora., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

56. Cellular immune response of the Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), to infection by the entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana

Creator:
Shen, Dongxu, Li, Miao, Chu, Yuan, Lang, Minglin, and An, Chunju
Format:
print, počítač, and online zdroj
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, motýli, zavíječovití, fagocytóza, butterflies, Pyralidae, phagocytosis, Lepidoptera, Ostrinia furnacalis, cellular immune response, haemocyte, nodulation, Beauveria bassiana, entomopathogenic fungus, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
The term cellular immune response refers to haemocyte-mediated responses, including phagocytosis, nodulation, and encapsulation. In the present study, we identified five types of circulating haemocytes in larvae of the haemolymph of the Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée), including granulocytes, oenocytoids, plasmatocytes, prohaemocytes, and spherulocytes. The relative number of total free haemocytes per larva decreased significantly 0.5, 24, and 36 h after the injection of Beauveria bassiana conidia. Upon conidia challenge, both phagocytosis and nodulation were observed in the collected haemolymph from O. furnacalis larvae. In addition, plasma was found to be necessary for both phagocytosis and nodulation. Therefore, we here confirm that phagocytosis and nodulation are involved in O. funacalis larvae during their fight against infection by B. bassiana, and further, that the cellular immune response of O. furnacalis helps eliminate the invading organisms despite the fact that not all the fungal conidia are killed., Dongxu Shen, Miao Li, Yuan Chu, Minglin Lang, Chunju An., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

57. Ceratomyxa bohari sp. n. (Myxozoa: Ceratomyxidae) from the gall bladder of Lutjanus bohar Forsskål from the Red Sea coast off Saudi Arabia: morphology, seasonality and SSU rDNA sequence

Creator:
Mansour, Lamjed, Abdel-Baki, Abdel-Azeem S, Tamihi, Ahmad F, and Al-Quraishy, Saleh
Format:
print, počítač, and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
parazitické organismy, spóry, fylogeneze, parasitic organisms, spores, phylogeny, Myxosporea, fish parasites, Bivalvulida, coelozoic infection, Lutjanidae, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
A new myxozoan, Ceratomyxa bohari sp. n., infecting the gall bladder of two-spot red snapper, Lutjanus bohar Forsskål, in the Red Sea off Saudi Arabia, is described using light microscopy and characterised genetically. The infection was recorded as mature spores floating free in the bile. The overall prevalence of infection of the type host was 19% (67 fish infected of 360 examined), with the highest prevalence in autumn (31%; 28/90) and the lowest in winter at 12% (11/90). Mature spores are slender and slightly crescent-shaped in the frontal view, with anterior and posterior margins tapered gradually to rounded valvular tips. Spore valves are unequal with a prominent sutural line. The spore dimensions are 3-4 μm (mean 3.5 μm) in length and 16-19 μm (mean 17 μm) in thickness. Two polar capsules are spherical, equal in size, 1.5 μm in diameter. Coils of the polar filament are indiscernible. The sporoplasm is binucleated and fills nearly one third of the extracapsular space restricted to the area below the capsules. The molecular analysis based on the small subunit rDNA (SSU rDNA) sequence revealed a close relationship with majority of species of Ceratomyxa Thélohan, 1892 and phylogenetic clustering with species from different geographical location. Thus, the shorter spore of the present Ceratomyxa species and the divergence of the SSU rDNA sequences were the distinctive features that separate it from all previously described species and identified this parasite as a new species of Ceratomyxa., Lamjed Mansour, Abdel-Azeem S. Abdel-Baki, Ahmad F. Tamihi, Saleh Al-Quraishy., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

58. Characterisation of sphaeractinomyxon types (Cnidaria: Myxozoa) from marine and freshwater oligochaetes in a Portuguese estuary, with the demise of the endocapsa collective group

Creator:
Rocha, Sónia, Alves, Ängela, Antunes, Carlos, Fernandes, Pedro, Azevedo, Carlos, and Casal, Graça
Format:
print, počítač, and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
kroužkovci, Annelida, Minho (Španělsko a Portugalsko : řeka), Minho River (Spain and Portugal), Myxosporea, actinospore, life cycle, SSU rRNA gene, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
Six types of sphaeractinomyxon are reported from the coelomic cavity of oligochaetes collected from the Minho River estuary in northern Portugal. Four new types are morphologically and molecularly described from freshwater species belonging to the genera Psammoryctides Hrabě and Potamothrix Vejdovský et Mrázek in the upper estuary, thus significantly increasing the number of known freshwater sphaeractinomyxon. In the lower estuary, sphaeractinomyxon types 8 and 10 of Rangel et al. (2016) are recorded infecting the marine oligochaete Tubificoides pseudogaster (Dahl). A single specimen of T. pseudogaster further displayed infection by one of the four new types found in the upper estuary, suggesting the involvement of sphaeractinomyxon in the life cycles of myxosporean species that infect migratory fish hosts. The acquisition of these second hosts is proposed to have allowed the myxosporean counterparts of sphaeractinomyxon to cross environmental barriers and conquer new habitats. Phylogenetic analyses of the SSU rRNA gene reveal the four new types clustering within the monophyletic clade of mugiliform-infecting myxobolids, strengthening the previously proposed involvement of the sphaeractinomyxon collective group in the life cycles of this specific group of myxosporeans. Endocapsa types also cluster within the latter clade, having actinospores that differ from those of sphaeractinomyxon only in the presence of valvular swellings that do not change when in contact with water. In this study, however, one type was found displaying actinospores with and without valvular swellings in the same oligochaete specimen. This overlap in actinospore morphology is given as grounds for the demise of the endocapsa collective group., Sónia Rocha, Ängela Alves, Carlos Antunes, Pedro Fernandes, Carlos Azevedo and Graça Casal., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

59. Characterization and functional analysis of the serpin-10 gene from oak silkworm, Antheraea pernyi (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)

Creator:
Kausar, Saima, Qian, Cen, Abbas, Muhammad Nadeem, Zhu, Bao-Jian, Liu, Ya, Wang, Lei, Wei, Guo-Qing, Sun, Yu, and Liu, Chao-Liang
Format:
print, počítač, and online zdroj
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, motýli, butterflies, Lepidoptera, Saturniidae, Antheraea pernyi, serpin, innate immunity, haemolymph protein, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
Serpin is a broadly distributed superfamily of proteins that have a crucial role in regulating various immune reactions. Herein we identified a serpin-10 gene from Antheraea pernyi that encodes a 1557 amino acid residue protein with a predicted molecular weight of 58.76 kDa. Recombinant Apserpin-10 protein was expressed in a prokaryotic expression system (Escherichia coli) and the purified protein was used to prepare rabbit anti-Apserpin-10 polyclonal antibodies. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis indicate that Apserpin-10 was transcribed in all the tissues examined, including haemolymph, malpighian tubules, fat body, silk gland, integument and mid gut; the greatest expression level of Apserpin-10 was recorded in the fat body and haemocytes. The comparison of different developmental stages showed that Apserpin-10 transcript level was highest in 5th instar larvae, while the lowest expression was recorded at the egg stage. We also investigated the expression patterns of Apserpin-10 in fat body and haemocyte samples, following administration of heat-inactivated gram-positive bacteria (Micrococcus luteus), gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli), a fungus (Beauveria bassiana) and virus (nuclear polyhedrosis virus, NPV). A substantial up-regulation of Apserpin-10 expression was recorded following pathogen challenge in both the tissues tested. Further the knock down of Apserpin-10 led to down regulation of antimicrobial peptide genes. Altogether, our results indicate that Apserpin-10 is involved in the innate immunity of A. pernyi., Saima Kausar, Cen Qian, Muhammad Nadeem Abbas, Bao-Jian Zhu, Ya Liu, Lei Wang, Guo-Qing Wei, Yu Sun, Chao-Liang Liu., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

60. Characterization and transcriptional analysis of a subtelomeric satellite DNA family in the ladybird beetle Henosepilachna argus (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

Creator:
Mora, Pablo, Vela, Jesús, Palomeque, Teresa, Ruiz-Mena, Areli, and Lorite, Pedro
Format:
print, počítač, and online zdroj
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, brouci, slunéčkovití, transkripce, beetles, Coccinellidae, transcription, Coleoptera, Henosepilachna argus, ladybird beetle, satellite DNA, in situ hybridization, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
Satellite DNAs are the major repetitive DNA components in eukaryotic genomes. Although satellite DNA has long been called "parasite DNA" there is substantial evidence that it could be associated with some functions of chromosome biology. Ladybird beetles (Coccinellidae) are one of the largest and most important groups of beetles. Many ladybirds are of economic interest as biological control agents because they eat some agricultural pests such as aphids and scale insects. However, other species are phytophagous and can damage crops. Despite the ecological importance of the latter group there are no studies on their satellite DNA. A satellite DNA family was isolated and characterized in the ladybird Henosepilachna argus. This satellite DNA is organized in tandem repeats of 658 bp and is A + T rich (67.3%). The recorded high sequence conservation of the monomers together with the detection of putative gene conversion processes indicate concerted evolution. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) revealed that this satellite DNA is transcribed and in situ hybridization its location in the subtelomeric regions of all chromosomes except the long arm of the X chromosome. The presence of this satellite DNA in other species of the genus Henosepilachna and Epilachna was also tested using PCR. The results indicate that this satellite DNA sequence is so far specific to H. argus., Pablo Mora, Jesús Vela, Areli Ruiz-Mena, Teresa Palomeque, Pedro Lorite., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public