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72. Juvenile hormone analogue, fenoxycarb, modulates ecdysone-triggered transcriptional hierarchy during programmed cell death of midgut in silkworm, Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae)
- Creator:
- Goncu, Ebru, Uranli, Ramazan, and Parlak, Osman
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, motýli, bourcovití, apoptóza, butterflies, Bombycidae, apoptosis, Lepidoptera, autophagy, Bombyx mori, ecdysone related genes, juvenile hormone, midgut, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone and the sesquiterpenoid juvenile hormone are the main regulators of insect development; however, it is unclear how they interact in the regulation of metamorphic events. Using the silkworm, Bombyx mori, we show that the juvenile hormone analogue fenoxycarb affects the cascade of ecdysone regulated genes that control the programmed cell death in the larval midgut. Morphological changes that occur during cell death were investigated by studying cross-sections of the midgut stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Apoptosis-specific DNA fragmentation was detected using TUNEL assay. Expression patterns of genes ATG8 and ATG12, which were used as indicators of autophagy, and genes of the ecdysone-regulated gene cascade were examined using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Fenoxycarb application on day 0 of the 5th larval instar extended the feeding period and postponed programmed cell death in mature larval midgut. This effect was probably due to a delay in ecdysone secretion and associated changes in gene expression were mostly not a direct response to the fenoxycarb. However, differences in the gene expression patterns in the control and fenoxycarb treated insects during the prepupal and early pupal stages indicated that fenoxycarb may also exert a more direct effect on some genes of the ecdysone regulated gene cascade., Ebru Goncu, Ramazan Uranli, Osman Parlak., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
73. Mating advantage of short-winged over long-winged adult males in the cricket Velarifictorus ornatus (Orthoptera: Gryllidae)
- Creator:
- Zhao, Lv-Quan, Chai, Huai-Lin, Wu, Hong-Jun, and Zhu, Dao-Hong
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, rovnokřídlí, cvrčkovití, Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Velarifictorus ornatus, mating competition, sing song, trade-off, wing polymorphism, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The trade-off between flight capability and reproduction is well known in adult males of insects with wing dimorphism but the reproductive advantage of short-winged (SW) males over long-winged (LW) males appears to vary across insect taxa. In the present study, we determined the difference in the mating ability of SW and LW males of Velarifictorus ornatus (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) in order to evaluate whether the SW male morph has a reproductive advantage. We found that the choice of a mate depended on the female. Compared with LW males, SW males had an obvious mating advantage when both SW and LW males courted females simultaneously, and that dealation significantly enhanced the mating ability of LW males. Losing the ability to produce songs reduced the mating advantage of SW males, thereby indicating that the greater mating advantage of SW males was related to the attractiveness of the song. In addition, the difference in the mating ability of LW and SW males was not related to body size or age. These results indicate that SW males of V. ornatus have a mating advantage over their LW counterparts because their underdeveloped flight muscles allow them to devote more resources to reproduction., Lv-Quan Zhao, Huai-Lin Chai, Hong-Jun Wu, Dao-Hong ZhuU., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
74. Mating alters the rate of development of ovarioles in the ladybird, Propylea dissecta (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)
- Creator:
- Shahid, Mhd, Siddiqui, Arshi, Omkar, and Mishra, Geetanjali
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, brouci, slunéčkovití, věk, beetles, Coccinellidae, age, Coleoptera, Propylea dissecta, mating status, ovariole development, egg maturation, egg load, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The influence of female mating status on ovarian development of the ladybird, Propylea dissecta (Mulsant) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), was investigated under laboratory conditions. We assessed the extent to which ovariole development was affected by mating and for that we initially created a base line by observing age specific ovariole development. Results show that the number of follicles in each ovariole increased with the age of both virgin and mated females up to the age of 3 days, thereafter, no increase in number of follicles was recorded. Ovariole width also increased with age in both virgin and mated females up to 4 days, thereafter, no increase in ovariole width was recorded. The ovariole width of mated females was significantly greater than that of virgin females. Egg maturation and the egg load started to increase at the age of 8 days in virgin females. Thereafter, it increased with increase in female age. While in mated females, immature eggs were recorded in their ovarioles from the age of 1 to 2 days. In mated females, however, the increase in the number of mature eggs per ovariole and egg load started when they were 3 days old. Egg load continuously increased with increasing female age., Mhd Shahid, Arshi Siddiqui, Omkar, Geetanjali Mishra., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
75. Metagenomic survey of bacteria associated with the invasive ladybird Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)
- Creator:
- Dudek, Krzysztof, Humińska, Kinga, Wojciechowicz, Jacek, and Piotr Tryjanowski
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, brouci, slunéčkovití, slunéčko východní, beetles, Coccinellidae, Harmonia axyridis, Coleoptera, microbiota, bacteria community, 16s RNA, insect symbionts, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The Asian ladybird Harmonia axyridis is an invasive insect in Europe and the Americas and is a great threat to the environment in invaded areas. The situation is exacerbated by the fact that non native species are resistant to many groups of parasites that attack native insects. However, very little is known about the complex microbial community associated with this insect. This study based on sequencing 16S rRNA genes in extracted metagenomic DNA is the first research on the bacterial flora associated with H. axyridis. Lady beetles were collected during hibernation from wind turbines in Poland. A mean ± SD of 114 ± 35 species of bacteria were identified. The dominant phyla of bacteria recorded associated with H. axyridis were Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. Representatives of these phyla are common in the environment, e.g. in the soil, and are often identified as the dominant bacteria associated with arthropods. We also identified animal pathogenic bacteria, such as Burkholderia, Rhodococcus, Chlamydiae and Anaplasmataceae spp. (Neorickettsia helminthoeca and Ehrlichia ovina). We also identified Wolbachia pipientis in a single beetle. This bacterium is a causative agent of reproductive alterations in arthropods. These results support the enemy release hypothesis in the case of this ladybird invasion. Pathogenic bacteria were recorded in only a few samples. Moreover, male-killing bacteria such as Spiroplasma spp., Wolbachia spp. and Rickettsia spp. were only recorded in single insects so they cannot be responsible for the observed alterations in the sex-ratio of the ladybird population studied., Krzysztof Dudek, Kinga Humińska, Jacek Wojciechowicz, Piotr Tryjanowski., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
76. Molecular taxonomy of the Sympetrum vulgatum (Odonata: Libellulidae) complex in the West Palaearctic
- Creator:
- Hinojosa, Joan C., Martín, Ricard, Maynou, Xavier, and Vila, Roger
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, vážky, fylogeografie, Odonata, phylogeography, Libellulidae, Sympetrum vulgatum, molecular systematics, molecular taxonomy, mitochondrial DNA, nuclear DNA, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The Sympetrum vulgatum (Linnaeus, 1758) complex is composed of the subspecies S. vulgatum vulgatum, S. vulgatum decoloratum (Selys, 1884) and S. vulgatum ibericum Ocharan, 1985 in the West Palaearctic. These taxa have parapatric distributions and noticeable morphological differences in colour and body size, and their taxonomic status is debated. Here we revise the systematics of this group using molecular taxonomy, including molecular analyses of mitochondrial (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, COI) and nuclear (internal transcribed spacer, ITS1) DNA taking into account known morphological differences. Each subspecies has a unique and differentiated COI haplotype, although divergences among them are low (0.4% maximum uncorrected p-distance). The subspecies are not differentiated by the nuclear marker ITS1. The genetic results for these taxa contrast with the deep divergence of the sister species S. striolatum (Charpentier, 1840). Given current evidence, we propose to maintain the subspecific status of the S. vulgatum complex and hypothesize their biogeographical history. It is likely that the three subspecies became isolated during one of the latest glacial periods, each in a different refugium: S. vulgatum ibericum possibly occupied the Iberian Peninsula, S. vulgatum vulgatum the Balkan Peninsula or territories further east and S. vulgatum decoloratum Anatolia., Joan C. Hinojosa, Ricard Martín, Xavier Maynou, Roger Vila., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
77. Motorway as a barrier to dispersal of the threatened dragonfly Sympetrum depressiusculum (Odonata: Libellulidae): consequence of mortality or crossing avoidance?
- Creator:
- Šigutová, Hana, Filip Harabiš, Hykel, Michal, and Aleš Dolný
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, vážky, chování živočichů, úmrtnost, Odonata, animal behavior, mortality, Libellulidae, dispersal barrier, dragonflies, habitat fragmentation, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Infrastructure is one of the main causes of landscape fragmentation, which results in isolation and loss of populations. Although the negative effect of roads on insects is well documented, only a minority of studies has focused on roads in the context of barriers to dispersal. Flying species in particular have been neglected. We investigated the effect of a four-lane motorway as a barrier to the movement of an isolated population of the threatened dragonfly Sympetrum depressiusculum in an agricultural landscape in Central Europe. Generalized additive models were used to assess the motorway's effect on (i) the distribution of adult dragonflies in patches of terrestrial habitat surrounding their natal site, and (ii) individual flight behaviour (i.e. willingness or unwillingness to cross the motorway). Movement patterns of marked adults throughout the landscape were also investigated. During one season, significantly fewer adults were found at patches located on the far side of the motorway, indicating it has a barrier effect. Observations on flight behaviour revealed no apparent effect of the motorway. The possible barrier effect for the species studied was therefore presumed to be a consequence of road mortality. Our results indicate that the motorway may influence the dispersal of this threatened species of dragonfly, which is a habitat specialist with particular requirements for its terrestrial environment. Negative effects on other species with similar behaviour and strategy can be presumed. When establishing new habitats, carrying out reintroductions or translocations, it is necessary to consider that roadways may reduce population size and affect population dynamics by limiting dispersal., Hana Šigutová, Filip Harabiš, Michal Hykel, Aleš Dolný., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
78. Movement, demography and behaviour of a highly mobile species: A case study of the black-veined white, Aporia crataegi (Lepidoptera: Pieridae)
- Creator:
- Jugovic, Jure, Črne, Mitja, and Lužnik, Martina
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, běláskovití, demografie, Pieridae, demography, Lepidoptera, Aporia crataegi, mark-release-recapture, movement, nectar plants, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- We studied the demography, movement, behaviour and choice of nectar plants by adults of Aporia crataegi. This study was done in a dense network of different types of habitats (total size of study area 16.26 ha) from open landscape to shrubland, the latter being a result of abandonment of traditional agricultural practices such as extensive mowing and grazing. Total population size was estimated to be approximately 1700 and 2700 for females and males, respectively. Median and maximum distances moved by males were 134 and 3493 m, and by females 138 and 3165 m, respectively. The average lifespan was ca. 7.1 and 7.5 days, with maximum recorded lifespans of 21 and 17 days for males and females, respectively. The greater capture probability recorded for males indicates their high activity, as they spend most of their time in flight patrolling and searching for mates. A parabolic recruitment curve and protandry were also recorded. Both sexes are highly mobile. The spatial distribution of both sexes was roughly similar. The adult behaviour differed in different habitats, with more time spent feeding and resting when nectar plants were plentiful and more time spent flying when they were rare. Although adults utilized nine nectar sources, only two were recorded in over 80% of all the feeding occasions. In order to re-establish open grassland with some shrubland, traditional and mosaic management of the landscape should be revived at least to some extent., Jure Jugovic, Mitja Črne, Martina Lužnik., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
79. Neither Menoscinae nor Lophopinae, a new genus that challenges the current classification of the Lophopidae Stål, 1866 (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha)
- Creator:
- Wang, Menglin, Wang, Yinglun, and Soulier-Perkins, Adeline
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, morfologie (biologie), morphology (biology), Yunnan (Čína : provincie), Yunnan (China : Province), Fulgoroidea, Lophopidae, planthopper, Silvispina changpotou, new genus, new species, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The monotypic genus Silvispina M. Wang & Soulier-Perkins, gen. n. and new species S. changpotou M. Wang & Soulier-Perkins, sp. n. belonging to the family Lophopidae Stål, 1866, from Yunnan Province in China, is described and illustrated. The peculiarity of the first metatarsal segment of this genus is stressed and the taxonomic position of this new genus is discussed. The ornamentation and shape of metatibia and first tarsal segment (the characters that currently distinguish the subfamilies Menoscinae and Lophopinae) do not agree with either subfamily and the new genus is placed as incertae sedis in the Lophopidae. The genus Ridesa Schumacher, 1915 is removed from the family Lophopidae and placed in the Achilidae., Menglin Wang, Yinglun Wang, Adeline Soulier-Perkins., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
80. New species of Cicadocoris (Hemiptera: Coleorrhyncha: Progonocimicidae) from mid-Jurassic deposits in northeastern China
- Creator:
- Jiang, Jia-Qian and Huang, Di-Ying
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, polokřídlí, fosilie, Hemiptera, fossils, Čína, China, Coleorrhyncha, Progonocimicidae, Cicadocoris parvus sp. n., mid-Jurassic, Daohugou, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- A new progonocimicid bug named Cicadocoris parvus sp. n. is described from the mid-Jurassic Haifanggou Formation at Daohugou, Ningcheng County, Inner Mongolia, northeastern China. It differs from other species by being distinctly smaller, veins dSc, R1 and Rs run parallel to one another and are nearly evenly spaced on left tegmen, widest length of apical half/basal half of left tegmen is 1.1 and that of right tegmen is 1.0. Thus, there are at least three species of Cicadocoris (Progonocimicidae) described from Daohugou. All these species are relatively abundant in the Haifanggou Formation and are remarkable representatives of the early Yanliao biota., Jia-Qian Jiang, Di-Ying Huang., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public