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2. "... čeština ve většině okresů země je stále ještě nezbytná...": existoval jazykový program v nařízeních Josefa II. pro země Koruny české?
- Creator:
- Timofejev, Dmitrij
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- II., římskoněmecký císař, Josef, 1741-1790, jazyková politika, language policy, Rakousko (1526-1804), země Koruny české, Austrian monarchy (1526-1804), Lands of the Bohemian Crown, 8, and 94(437)
- Language:
- Czech and English
- Description:
- The article deals with the regulation of the use of Czech, German and classical languages in the administrative, school and Church spheres as it appears in the decrees published during Joseph II’s reign for the lands of the Bohemian crown. The author attempts to reconstruct the emperor’s vision of the usage of the different languages in the Czech lands, find the reasoning behind it, and identify the methods of this regulation. He also asks whether, in Joseph II’s case, one can speak about a "language policy" as a deliberate strategy to change the language situation in the Czech lands., Dmitrij Timofejev., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
3. "Ani o grajciar viac...": klientela bratislavských kníhkupcov v radoch uhorského evanjelického duchovenstva
- Creator:
- Križanová, Petronela
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Institoris-Mošovský, Michal, 1733-1803, Mahler, Philip Ulrich, 1746-1806, Löwe, Anton, asi 1740-asi 1800, 18. století, knižní obchod, knihkupci, knihaři, book trade, booksellers, bookbinders, Maďarsko, Bratislava (Slovensko), Hungary, Bratislava (Slovakia), 8, and 94(437)
- Language:
- Czech and English
- Description:
- The author examines the clientele of the Bratislava booksellers Anton Löwe and Philip Ulrich Mahler in the context of the Hungarian book trade from 1770 to 1800. By analysing the extant correspondence of Michal Institoris Mošovský, a protestant pastor in Bratislava, she was able to partially identify one segment of their customer base - protestant clergymen. For many years these members of the petty intelligentsia purchased from the Bratislava booksellers, in particular imported works by the German pietists and Enlightenment theologians. The author also investigated the social and geographical limits of the distribution process, some of the contact and distribution networks, and the identity of key figures., Petronela Križanová., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
4. "Es ist nicht leichters, als diese Difficultät zu heben...": Tereziánské správní reformy, centralizace monarchie a pojetí české státnosti na příkladu výkonu nobilitační agendy jako výseku majestátních práv české koruny
- Creator:
- Brňovják, Jiří
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- česká a uherská královna, císařovna, choť Františka Štěpána I., římskoněmeckého císaře, Marie Terezie, 1717-1780, centralismus, nobilitace, česká koruna, centralism, nobilitation, Czech koruna, správní reformy, český stát, administrative reforms, Bohemian state, Bohemian crown, 8, and 94(437)
- Language:
- Czech and English
- Description:
- This study examines the possibilities and limitations of centralizing reforms within the western part of the Habsburg monarchy, as illustrated by the problematic issue of ennoblement in the Czech lands. The administrative reforms of 1749 resulted in the administrative union of both state entities in a single whole of (all) so-called Hereditary Lands. They also led to the closure of separate offices at court representing the Czech and Austrian lands, replacing them with a single Directorium in publicis et cameralibus, which took over the ennoblement programme hitherto operated by those two offices. Despite the apparently centralizing tendency of the reforms, this did not extend to any unification of entitlements to ennoblement, which continued to be based on particular ranks and titles specific to either the Kingdom of Bohemia or the Archduchy of Austria. It was not until 1752 that, on the urging of Maria Theresa herself, a unified, legally binding system for dispensing preferment and privilege, including a unified scale of aristocratic titles for all the Hereditary Lands, was introduced. In practice, ennoblement rights in the two state entities remained differentiated as to specific titles up until the early 19th century, when the two systems were superseded by a new Austrian Imperial ranking. Thus one of the last relics of the conception of the Czech Crown Lands as an autonomous historical entity finally ceased to exist., Jiří Brňovják., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
5. "Habsburgermonarchie, Russland, Osmanisches Reich, Amerika": Workshop konaný ve Vídni ve dnech 1.-4. 10. 2009
- Creator:
- Hrbek, Jiří
- Format:
- print, text, regular print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- konference, dějiny, conferences, history, 8, and 94(437)
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Jiří Hrbek.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
6. "Ipsum Est Omnia in Omnibus": Matěj of Janov and the redemption of corporeal man according to Regulae veteris et novi testamenti V:8
- Creator:
- Kullerud, Ole Fredrik
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Filozofie, Matěj z Janova, asi 1355-1393, teologové, filozofie, vykoupení, theologians, philosophy, redemption, 5, and 101
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Ole Fredrik Kullerud. and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
7. „Je to bezesporu trápení cestovat touto zemí v takové zimě.“ Andaluský rytíř Pero Tafur v Čechách, ve Slezsku a na Moravě (1438-1439)
- Creator:
- Jaroslav Svátek
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- II. Habsburský, římskoněmecký císař, Albrecht, 1397-1439, Šlik, Kašpar, asi 1400-1449, Tafur, Pero, asi 1410-1484, středověká společnost, cestovatelé, kavalírské cesty, medieval society, travellers, grand tours, Vratislav (Polsko), Wrocław (Poland), medieval voyager, 8, and 930
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- This article charts the path and the activity of the Andalusian nobleman Pero Tafur in the Czech lands at the end of 1438 and beginning of 1439. The visit formed part of his extensive four-year journey across European countries, the Middle East, and the Mediterranean. The main motive was to meet with King of the Romans and of Bohemia Albert II. The meeting occured in February 1439 in Wroclaw, where Tafur arrived via Prague and Saxony in the entourage of the royal chancellor Kaspar Schlick, and from there he continued through Moravia to the south to Austria. The rather obscur testimony of the well-travelled knight is not only a remarable document of this monarch as a person and the contemporary historical context of Albert´s brief reign, but also provides an interesting image of Bohemia, Moravia, and Silesia in the atmosphere of the slowly extinguishing Hussite wars., Jaroslav Svátek., and Obsahuje literaturu a odkazy pod čarou
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
8. "Je to boj přírody o život & smrt...": lékaři ve službách Schwarzenbergův letech 1780-1830
- Creator:
- Grubhoffer, Václav
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Schwarzenbergové (rod), 18.-19. století, dějiny lékařství, history of medicine, schwarzenberští lékaři, Schwarzenbergs' physicians, 8, and 94(437)
- Language:
- Czech and English
- Description:
- From the 1780s on, the court of the Princes of Schwarzenberg generally maintained four or five personal doctors. These privileged positions were frequently held by individuals who also practised as municipal or county physicians. In their castles in Bohemia the Schwarzenbergs also employed surgeons and apothecaries, and in line with the professionalization of medical care during the Enlightenment they attached great importance to the training of health workers. In the first three decades of the 19th century health care in the context of the Schwarzenberg primogeniture became even more specialized and the number of medical staff on the various Schwarzenberg estates increased. In addition to their own physicians, the Schwarzenbergs also entrusted their health needs to eminent medical experts drawn primarily from the Habsburg court and the University of Vienna and later, from the 1830s on, to many doctors working in the Czech Lands. This study considers the relationship between the high nobility as representatives of social elites on the one hand and the Enlightenment medicalization of society with its professionalization of health care on the other. It maps the structure of medical care within one aristocratic family and their estates and its transformation over a fifty‐year period. It also attempts to discover who the Schwarzenbergs’ doctors were and what socio‐cultural background they came from., Václav Grubhoffer., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
9. „Karantánsko-köttlašský“ šperk na jihozápadním Slovensku a v dalších částech Karpatské kotliny
- Creator:
- Šimon Ungerman
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- šperky, archeologie, středověk, jewellery, archaeology, middle ages, Karpatská kotlina, Carpathian Basin, Köttlach culture, Eastern Alps region, 8, and 902
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- ‘Carantanian / Köttlach’ jewellery from southwest Slovakia and from the other parts of the Carpathian Basin. In the Slovak and Hungarian archaeological literature, a small group of early medieval jewellery from southwest Slovakia was labelled as being of ‘Carantanian / Köttlach’ provenance, meaning that it originated from Eastern Alps region (today’s Austria and Slovenia). The goal of the article is a revision of the issue of provenance in the context of analogous finds from Moravia and the Carpathian Basin (i.e. today’s Hungary, western Romania and northeastern Croatia). The provenenace from the Eastern Alps region can be confirmed in the case of several Slovak finds only, the others are of local origin. Also, from the point of view of chronology, we are dealing with a relatively heterogenous group of jewellery, with a date-range from the turn of the 8th-9th centuries to the 11th century. The author tries to demonstrate that the argument in the middle of the 20th century and later about the ‘influences from the Eastern Alps region’ was dependent on the state of archaeological research at that time. It was a viewpoint that over-emphasised the importance of early medieval ‘Köttlach culture’ in Eastern Alps region, especially for the spreading of some jewellery types to other regions of middle and southeastern Europe., Šimon Ungerman., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
10. "Kdo řídí - kontroluje!": podnikový management a úskalí "socialistické kontroly" v československých podnicích v osmdesátých letech 20. století
- Creator:
- Tomáš Vilímek
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- hospodářské dějiny, podnikový management, kontrolní orgány, economic history, industrial management, supervisory bodies, 8, and 93/94
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Studie se věnuje problematice podnikového managementu a úskalím „socialistické kontroly“ v československých podnicích v období pozdního socialismu. S využitím pramenů Komunistické strany Československa a Státní bezpečnosti, dobových textů a odborných publikací ukazuje, jak se stranické a státní orgány neúspěšně snažily učinit z kontroly funkční nástroj realizace hospodářské politiky státostrany. Autor analyzuje používané kontrolní mechanismy a nastiňuje základní příčiny až fatálního selhání kontrolní činnosti systému, jenž byl svým způsobem kontrolou doslova posedlý. Vysvětluje systémovou podmíněnost kontroly, kterou socialističtí manažeři dokázali v mnoha ohledech přizpůsobit potřebám svěřených hospodářských jednotek, což přirozeně nekorespondovalo s celospolečenskými zájmy. Na příkladech řady konkrétních kauz studie názorně ukazuje, že si československý podnikový management v osmdesátých letech dvacátého století plně uvědomoval systémové, politické i společenské limity kontrolní činnosti, kterou vcelku úspěšně dokázal přizpůsobit vnitropodnikovým podmínkám. Výsledkem byl stav, kdy stranické vedení reagovalo na stále očividnější symptomy „agonie centrálně plánované ekonomiky“ přijímáním rozmanitých směrnic a direktiv pro zefektivnění kontroly a důsledné prosazování zásady „kdo řídí - kontroluje“. Očekávaný efekt ovšem nenastal a nefunkčnost kontroly přispěla nakonec nemalou měrou ke zhroucení komunistického režimu v Československu., The study deals with issues of corporate management and pitfalls of the "socialist supervision" in Czechoslovak enterprises in the period of late socialism. Using documents of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia and the State Security, period texts and specalized publications, it shows how party organs and state authorities were unsuccessfully trying to make supervisory mechanisms and audits a functional tool of the implementation of the ruling party´s economic policy. The author analyzes the supervisory and audit mechanisms that were used, and outlines basic reasons of the almost fatal failure of supervisory activities of the system which was, in a way obsessed with supervison and control. He explains the systemic conditionality of the supervisory system which socialist managers often and in many respects bent to suit the needs of the enterprises they were in charge of; such situation naturally did not match the needs of the society as a whole. Using many specific cases as an example, the study graphically shows that members of the Czechoslovak corporate management community in the 1980s were fully aware of systemic political and social limitations of the supervisory system which they managed to modify, fairly successfully, to suit intra-corporate conditions. The result was a situation in which the party leadership was reacting to increasingly obvious symptoms of the "agony of the centrally planned economy" by adopting various directives and guidelines to make the supervisory process more effective and to consistently promote the "whoever manages - supervises" principle. However, the anticipated effect did not materialize and, at the end of the day, the non-functional supervisory mechanisms made a substantial contribution to the collapse of the Communist regime in Czechoslovakia., Tomáš Vilímek., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public