Karcinom pankreatu je nádorové onemocnění se špatnou prognózou. V minulosti byl pozorován jeho zvýšený výskyt u pacientů s diabetes mellitus. Nicméně dosud není zcela jasné, jestli je diabetes rizikovým faktorem nádorové transformace nebo jestli vzniká až druhotně v souvislosti s nádorem. Klíčem úspěchu onkologické léčby je časná detekce karcinomu k provedení pankreatektomie – dosud jediné možné kurativní terapie. K tomu je potřeba časných diagnostických markerů. Klíčová slova: diabetes mellitus – karcinom pankreatu – pankreatektomie, Pancreatic cancer is a malignancy with a poor prognosis. Its increased incidence was observed in diabetic patients in the past. However, there is no evidence, whether diabetes is a risk factor for neoplastic transformation, or if it arises secondarily as a result of the tumor. The key is an early detection of cancer to perform pancreatectomy – the only possible curative therapy yet. This requires early diagnostic markers. Key words: diabetes mellitus – pancreatectomy – pancreatic cancer, and Pavel Škrha
Diabetes mellitus zvyšuje riziko vzniku srdečního selhání nezávisle na ischemické chorobě srdeční a hypertenzi a může způsobovat syndrom označovaný jako diabetická kardiomyopatie. Diabetická kardiomyopatie je definována jako dysfunkce srdečních komor u diabetiků, která vzniká nezávisle na známých příčinách, jako jsou koronární ateroskleróza, chlopenní vady nebo hypertenze. Projevuje se systolickou a/nebo diastolickou dysfunkcí. Klíčová slova: srdeční selhání – diabetická kardiomyopatie – dysfunkce srdečních komor, Diabetes mellitus increases the risk of heart failure independent of coronary heart disease and hypertension and may cause diabetic cardiomyopathy. Diabetic cardiomyopathy has been defined as ventricular dysfunction that occurs in diabetic patients independent of recognised causes (coronary heart disease, valve defects, hypertension). Left ventricular dysfunction is manifested by systolic and/or diastolic dysfunction. Keywords: heart failure – diabetic cardiomyopathy – left ventricular dysfunction, and Kubíčková M., Šmahelová A.
Diabetic macular edema (DME) is a major factor contributing to visual disabilities in diabetic patients, and the number of patients is increasing. Animal models play a key role in the development of novel therapies. In this study, pathophysiological analyses of ocular lesions in Spontaneously Diabetic Torii (SDT) fatty rats were performed. First, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) concentrations in vitreous humor, retinal vascular permeability and retinal thickness were measured in SDT fatty rats (Experiment 1). Furthermore, the pharmacological effects of two anti-diabetic drugs, phlorizin and pioglitazone, on retinal lesions were evaluated (Experiment 2). As results, the SDT fatty rats exhibited VEGF increase in vitreous humor at 8 and 16 weeks of age, and both retinal vascular hyperpermeability and retinal thickening at 16 weeks of age. In particular, the layers between the retinal internal limiting membrane and the outer nuclear layer were thickened. Phlorizin treatment from 4 to 16 weeks of age improved hyperglycemia and normalized retinal thickness; however, the effect of pioglitazone on retinal thickness was not strong despite the normalization of hyperglycemia. These data demonstrate that the male SDT fatty rat is a useful model for developing new therapeutic approaches in DME., Y. Motohashi, Y. Kemmochi, T. Maekawa, H. Tadaki, T. Sasase, Y. Tanaka, A. Kakehashi, T. Yamada, T. Ohta., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Článek je věnován jedné z mikrovaskulárních komplikací diabetu – diabetické polyneuropatii. Zabývá se jí komplexně od příčin, přes výskyt, její klasifikaci, možností diagnostiky, rizika, která pro své nositele představuje, až po možnosti terapie., The paper deals with one of microvascular complications of diabetes - diabetic polyneuropathy. It is discussed comprehensively from its causes, incidence, its classification and diagnostic possibilities to the risks it entails for patients and therapeutic possibilities., and Jindřich Olšovský
The articles gives a summary of measurement units that are used for diagnostic measurements of fluid boilers combustion channels. During the verification process VŠB-TU Ostrava designed and tested various types of probes for temperature and velocity measurements, off-take of both gaseous samples of waste gases and solid particles samples. Taken results gives more detailed information about fluid lyer behaviour for various fluid bed boiler types. Moreover they can be of use in case of boiler modifications or boiler operation improvements. This article is based on the project GA 617 50 11 solving - "Combine combustion of coal and biomass in fluid bed boilers"., Bohumír Čech, Zdeněk Kadlec and Jan Matoušek., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Decreased baroreflex sensitivity is an early sign of autonomic dysfunction in patients with type-1 diabetes mellitus. We evaluated the repeatability of a mild baroreflex sensitivity decrease in diabetics with respect to their heart rate. Finger blood pressure was continuously recorded in 14 young diabetics without clinical signs of autonomic dysfunction and in 14 age-matched controls for 42 min. The recordings were divided into 3-min segments, and the mean inter-beat interval (IBI), baroreflex sensitivity in ms/mm Hg (BRS) and mHz/mm Hg (BRSf) were determined in each segment. These values fluctuated in each subject within 42 min and therefore coefficients of repeatability were calculated for all subjects. Diabetics compared with controls had a decreased mean BRS (p=0.05), a tendency to a shortened IBI (p=0.08), and a decreased BRSf (p=0.17). IBI correlated with BRS in diabetics (p=0.03); th is correlation was at p=0.12 in the controls. BRSf was IBI independent (controls: p=0.81, diabetics: p=0.29). We conclude that BRS is partially dependent on mean IBI. Thus, BRS reflects not only an impairment of the quick baroreflex responses of IBI to blood pressure changes, but also a change of the tonic sy mpathetic and pa rasympathetic heart rate control. This is of significance during mild changes of BRS. Therefore, an examination of the BRSf index is highly recommended, because this examin ation improves the diagnostic value of the measurement, particul arly in cases of early signs of autonomic dysfunction., J. Svačinová ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
We have found that the determination of thiodiglycolic acid (TDGA) in urine may help to characterize metabolic imbalance of substances participating in methionine synthesis, which leads to hyperhomocystinuria. From the metabolic scheme, based on a proper combination of known facts, we attempted to theoretically explain and to demonstrate the possibilities of TDGA formation via different ways of homocysteine transformation. This scheme was used in evaluating the results obtained by testing urine of a woman suffering from impaired function of methionine synthase reductase (CblE type of homocystinuria). The amount of TDGA excreted in her morning urine was very sensitive to the changes in her treatment based upon a combination of N5-formyl tetrahydrofolate, betaine and vitamin B12. Vitamin B12 given in the evening either alone or together with betaine increased the TDGA excretion in the morning urine up to ten times. On the other hand, in the absence of vitamin B12, betaine in combination with N5-formyl tetrahydrofolate hindered the appearance of TDGA in the morning urine. Generally, the determination of TDGA in urine of an appropriately pretreated patient may indicate the degree of success of the treatment., T. Navrátil, M. Petr, Z. Šenholdová, K. Přistoupilová, T. I. Přistoupil, M. Heyrovský, D. Pelclová, E. Kohlíková., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy