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4813. Discovery of a remarkable new species of Lymanopoda (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) and considerations of its phylogenetic position: An integrative taxonomic approach

Creator:
Pyrcz, Tomasz W, Prieto, Carlos, Boyer, Pierre, and Lorenc-Brudecka, Jadwiga
Format:
print, počítač, and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
motýli, babočkovití, okáči, fylogeneze, biodiverzita, butterflies, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae, phylogeny, biodiversity, Kolumbie, Colombia, Lepidoptera, Lymanopoda, systematics, new species, DNA barcodes, páramo, Andes, Valle del Cauca, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
A new species of Lymanopoda Westwood, a cloud forest Neotropical genus of Satyrinae, is described from the páramo grasslands on an isolated, peripheral massif in the Colombian Central Cordillera of the Andes: L. flammigera Pyrcz, Prieto & Boyer, sp. n. The genus Lymanopoda is species-rich (approx. 65 species) and its alpha taxonomy is relatively well researched. Relationships within the genus using molecular data have also been explored. The new species is outstanding for its golden yellow colour in males, not found in any other neotropical Satyrinae. Cladograms were constructed based on COI sequences of 47 species of Lymanopoda (~ 70% of the known species) including 17 from Colombia. The new species segregates in the "tolima" clade, which comprises four other high altitude Colombian species, as well as two from Ecuador. However, it is the comparative analysis of male genitalia, in particular the superuncus and valvae, which identified its closest relatives, thus confirming that genital characters can help refine molecular phylogenies. In addition to identifying species using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA barcodes), nucleotide sites with unique fixed states used to identify nine species of Lymanopoda from Colombia are also presented., Tomasz W. Pyrcz, Carlos Prieto, Pierre Boyer, Jadwiga Lorenc-Brudecka., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

4814. Discovery of the life cycle of Sarcocystis lacerine Babudieri, 1932 (Apicomplexa: Sarcocystidae), with a species redescription

Creator:
Volf, Jiří, Modrý, David, Koudela, Břetislav, and Šlapeta, Jan R.
Format:
print
Type:
model:internalpart and TEXT
Subject:
Apicomplexa, Sarcocystidae, Sarcocystis lacertae, life cycle, and redescription
Language:
English
Description:
Oocysts/sporocysts of Sarcocystis sp. were found in the intestinal contents of the smooth snake, Coronella austriaca I .aurenti. Common voles Microtus arvalis (Pallas), bank voles Clethrionomys glareolus (Schreber), green lizards Lacerta viridis (Laurcnti), and common wall lizards Podarcis muralis (Laurenti) were experimentally inoculated as potential intermediate hosts. Only common wall lizards were found to be susceptible intermediate hosts. Transparent, macroscopically hardly visible sarcocysts found in tail striated muscles of lizards were 480 (390-640) x 210 (190-230) pm in size 72 days post-infection. Using the light microscopy, the sarcocyst wall was about 1 pm thick with an apparent layer of villi approx. 2 pm thick. Ullraslruclurally, the primary cyst wall was characterised by spine-like villar protrusions up to 2.5 pm in length and 0.5 pm in diameter. Based on sarcocyst morphology and experimental data, the discovered Sarcocystis species is suggested to be conspccific with Sarcocystis lacertae Babudieri, 1932. A redescription of Sarcocystis lacertae is presented in this study.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

4815. Discrepancy and eigenvalues of Cayley graphs

Creator:
Kohayakawa, Yoshiharu, Rödl, Vojtěch, and Schacht, Mathias
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Matematika, matematika, mathematics, eigenvalue, discrepancy, quasirandomness, Cayley graph, 13, and 51
Language:
English
Description:
We consider quasirandom properties for Cayley graphs of finite abelian groups. We show that having uniform edge-distribution (i.e., small discrepancy) and having large eigenvalue gap are equivalent properties for such Cayley graphs, even if they are sparse. This affirmatively answers a question of Chung and Graham (2002) for the particular case of Cayley graphs of abelian groups, while in general the answer is negative., Yoshiharu Kohayakawa, Vojtěch Rödl, Mathias Schacht., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

4816. DISCURSUS APOLOGETICUS JOANNIS ZWELFERI, MEDICINAE DOCT. adversus Hippocratem Chymicum OTTONIS TACKENII: Ejusq[ue] adulterini Salis Viperini novissimi Fundamenta, ut ait, antiquissima. Cui & accessere EIUSDEM JUSTISSIMAE VINDICIAE contra FRANCISCUM VERNY Pharmacopoeum Monspeliensem. Annexo etiam APOLOGEMATE EPISTOLICO ANONYMI

Creator:
Zwelfer, Johann, Endter, Johann Friedrich, and Endter, Michael
Publisher:
Endter, Johann Friedrich and Endter, Michael
Format:
print and [12], 267, [1] pp ; 4°
Type:
model:monograph and TEXT
Subject:
století 17., esej, and farmacie
Language:
Latin
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

4818. Disent v trojí perspektivě: diskurzy o politice, společnosti a dějinách v českém, slovenském a východoněmeckém disentu v 70. a 80. letech

Creator:
Jan Pauer
Format:
print
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
1971-1980, 1981-1990, disent, společnost, politika, dějiny, Česko, Slovensko, Německo východní, dissent, society, politics, history, Czechia, Slovakia, Germany eastern, 8, and 93/94
Language:
Czech
Description:
Autor provádí shrnující komparaci disentu v Československu a Německé demokratické republice v sedmdesátých a osmdesátých letech minulého století, poukazuje na jeho afinity a odlišnosti v obou zemích a nabízí jejich zdůvodnění. Upozorňuje na asymetrie srovnávaných případů, které se týkají rozsahu a povahy pramenného materiálu, stavu a dosažených výsledků historického bádání a užívané terminologie, a upřesňuje pojem disentu, s nímž pracuje. Konstatuje, že disent v českých zemích, zrozený z porážky pražského jara 1968, se diferencoval do reformněkomunistického, křesťanského, liberálního, kulturního a sublkulturního proudu, přičemž tato pluralita byla propojena a zastřešena založením Charty 77 a posléze se rozvíjela i do dalších občanských iniciativ. Na Slovensku, kde Charta 77 nezakotvila, se disent profiloval nábožensky, národně a od poloviny osmdesátých let ekologicky. V NDR zaznívaly v sedmdesátých letech ojedinělé hlasy marxistického disentu a socialistická orientace byla vlastní i nezávislým občanským iniciativám vzniklým v osmdesátých letech, které se vyvíjely v podobě mírového hnutí na půdě evangelické církve. Východoněmecký disent se narozdíl od českého a slovenského vyznačoval relativní generační a ideovou homogenitou, nedisponoval mezinárodně uznávanými intelektuálními autoritami symbolizujícími občanský protest, byl jen slabě programově zakotven a svou legitimizaci neodvozoval z diskurzu lidských práv, ale rétoriky antimilitarismu. Pro odlišnou povahu disentu v NDR byly klíčovými faktory paralelní existence Spolkové republiky a z toho plynoucí masový rozsah emigrace, rozdílné postavení církví a vztah k národní tradici zatížený nacistickým dědictvím, jenž neumožnil názorovou konfrontaci o dějinách, jako tomu bylo v Československu., b1_In this article the author has undertaken a summarizing comparison of dissidents and dissent in Czechoslovakia and East Germany in the 1970s and 1980s, pointing out their similarities and differences, which he endeavours to explain. He points out the asymmetry of the cases he compares, which stems from the nature and scope of the source material, the current state of historical research, and the results that have been achieved, as well as the terminology used. He also offers a more precise definition of dissent and dissidents, which he then employs. He also reminds his reader how dissent and dissidents in the Bohemian Lands, which arose after the defeat of the 1968 Prague Spring reform movement, separated into Reform- -Communist, Christian, liberal, cultural, and sub-culture branches. This pluralism was linked together by the establishment of an umbrella organization, Charter 77, eventually also developing into other groups (občanské iniciativy) of Czechoslovak citizens seeking to act independently of Party and State control. In Slovakia, where Charter 77 never really took root, dissent was expressed in religious, national, and, from the mid-1980s, environmentalist terms. In East Germany in the 1970s, voices of Marxist dissent were sporadically heard and the socialist orientation was also particular to the independent alternative movements (Bürgerinitiative) that emerged in the 1980s and developed as a peace movement in the Protestant Church. East German dissent and dissidents, unlike Czech and Slovak, were characterized by some generational and ideological homogeneity. They did not have at their disposal internationally recognized intellectual authorities who would symbolize civil protest. And they lacked a programme that would help them to put down roots. They derived their legitimacy from the rhetoric of antimilitarism rather than from human-rights discourse., b2_ Of key importance to the different nature of the dissident movement in East Germany were the existence of another German state next door and, related to that, the massive defection to West Germany, the different status of the churches, and the attitude towards a national tradition burdened with the legacy of Nazism, which, unlike in Czechoslovakia, severely hampered the expression of different points of view about the past., and Jan Pauer.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

4819. Disentangling long- and short-term changes in perennial organ functions in seasonal environments: A model of foliar chlorophyll and nitrogen in saplings of four evergreen broad-leaved trees

Creator:
Mizusaki, D., Umeki, K., and Honjo, T.
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
fotosyntéza, photosynthesis, Agriexpert, Castanopsis, Cinnamomum, leaf aging, Machilus, Neolitsea, retranslocation, SPAD-502, 2, and 581
Language:
Multiple languages
Description:
a1_Perennial organ functions of trees living in seasonal environments exhibit temporal changes that can be classified as long-term interannual changes and seasonal fluctuations within single years. However, few studies have separately quantified these changes from longitudinal measurement data or analyzed the relationships between them. We developed a hierarchical Bayesian statistical model consisting of three parts: a long-term interannual change expressed by consecutive annual linear trends, seasonal fluctuations with 26 values for two-week periods in a year, and a random effect for repeated measurements. The model can extract long-term interannual changes and seasonal fluctuations from longitudinal repeated measure data. The pattern of seasonal fluctuation, the amount of seasonal fluctuation, and the net annual change are expressed by the estimated model parameters. We applied our model to foliar chlorophyll (Chl) and nitrogen (N) content measured repeatedly on more than 1-year-old leaves of saplings in four evergreen broad-leaved tree species using nondestructive optical methods. The model successfully explained large variations in the Chl and N content. In general, seasonal fluctuations corresponded to the phenology of current-year leaves; Chl and N tended to decrease from the opening to maturation of new leaves and increased during the rest period. The magnitude of the decrease in the Chl and N content in the growth period of current-year leaves (Δγ) did not decrease noticeably as leaves aged. For the Chl content, Δγ was positively correlated with the maximum value before leaf opening across species. For the N content, Δγ and the maximum value before leaf opening were not clearly correlated across species, but were positively correlated within some species., a2_A model parameter for annual linear trends in Chl and N varied from positive (indicating increasing trends) to negative values (indicating decrease) depending on species and leaf age in years., D. Mizusaki, K. Umeki, T. Honjo., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

4820. Disertační práce Nielse Bohra o elektronové teorii kovů

Creator:
Šraitrová, Kateřina
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
fyzika, physics, 6, and 53
Language:
Czech
Description:
Článek se zabývá disertací Nielse Bohra, kterou obhájil roku 1911. V první části je nastíněn vývoj Bohrovy disertační práce a jeho snahy práci přeložit do angličtiny. Dále Bohrův pobyt v Cambridgi u J. J. Thomsona a důvody, proč se nakonec rozhodl strávit zbytek svého zahraničního studijního pobytu v Manchesteru u E. Rutherforda. Druhá část příspěvku shrnuje historii vývoje elektronové teorie kovů. Nakonec jsou uvedeny závěry, ke kterým Bohr došel a ze kterých můžeme vyzdvihnout ten, že klasická mechanika je pro objekty na atomární úrovni nedostatečná., The article deals with Niels Bohr‘s dissertation defended in 1911. The first part of the article outlines the development of Bohr‘s dissertation and his strong efforts to translate the work into English. It also depicts Bohr‘s stay in Cambridge with J. J. Thomson and the reasons why he decided to spend the rest of his study abroad in Manchester with E. Rutherford. The second part describes the development of the electron theory of metals. It also summarizes conclusions of Bohr‘s dissertation from which we can highlight that classical mechanics is ineffective for objects at the atomic level., Kateřina Šraitrová., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

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