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2. "Ani o grajciar viac...": klientela bratislavských kníhkupcov v radoch uhorského evanjelického duchovenstva
- Creator:
- Križanová, Petronela
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Institoris-Mošovský, Michal, 1733-1803, Mahler, Philip Ulrich, 1746-1806, Löwe, Anton, asi 1740-asi 1800, 18. století, knižní obchod, knihkupci, knihaři, book trade, booksellers, bookbinders, Maďarsko, Bratislava (Slovensko), Hungary, Bratislava (Slovakia), 8, and 94(437)
- Language:
- Czech and English
- Description:
- The author examines the clientele of the Bratislava booksellers Anton Löwe and Philip Ulrich Mahler in the context of the Hungarian book trade from 1770 to 1800. By analysing the extant correspondence of Michal Institoris Mošovský, a protestant pastor in Bratislava, she was able to partially identify one segment of their customer base - protestant clergymen. For many years these members of the petty intelligentsia purchased from the Bratislava booksellers, in particular imported works by the German pietists and Enlightenment theologians. The author also investigated the social and geographical limits of the distribution process, some of the contact and distribution networks, and the identity of key figures., Petronela Križanová., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
3. "Elephant trunk" and endovascular stentgrafting--a hybrid approach to the treatment of extensive thoracic aortic aneurysm
- Creator:
- Holubec, Tomáš, Raupach, Jan, Dominik, Jan, and Vojáček, Jan
- Format:
- print, text, and regular print
- Type:
- model:article, article, Text, kazuistiky, časopisecké články, práce podpořená grantem, and TEXT
- Subject:
- dospělí, aneurysma hrudní aorty--komplikace--diagnóza--chirurgie, cévy - implantace protéz--metody, endovaskulární výkony--metody, lidé, mužské pohlaví, and stenty
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- A hybrid approach to elephant trunk technique for treatment of thoracic aortic aneurysms combines a conventional surgical and endovascular therapy. Compared to surgery alone, there is a presumption that mortality and morbidity is reduced. We present a case report of a 42-year-old man with a giant aneurysm of the entire thoracic aorta, significant aortic and tricuspid regurgitation and ventricular septum defect. The patient underwent multiple consecutive operations and interventions having, among others, finally replaced the entire thoracic aorta with the use of the hybrid elephant trunk technique. and T. Holubec, J. Raupach, J. Dominik, J. Vojácek
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
4. "Es ist nicht leichters, als diese Difficultät zu heben...": Tereziánské správní reformy, centralizace monarchie a pojetí české státnosti na příkladu výkonu nobilitační agendy jako výseku majestátních práv české koruny
- Creator:
- Brňovják, Jiří
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- česká a uherská královna, císařovna, choť Františka Štěpána I., římskoněmeckého císaře, Marie Terezie, 1717-1780, centralismus, nobilitace, česká koruna, centralism, nobilitation, Czech koruna, správní reformy, český stát, administrative reforms, Bohemian state, Bohemian crown, 8, and 94(437)
- Language:
- Czech and English
- Description:
- This study examines the possibilities and limitations of centralizing reforms within the western part of the Habsburg monarchy, as illustrated by the problematic issue of ennoblement in the Czech lands. The administrative reforms of 1749 resulted in the administrative union of both state entities in a single whole of (all) so-called Hereditary Lands. They also led to the closure of separate offices at court representing the Czech and Austrian lands, replacing them with a single Directorium in publicis et cameralibus, which took over the ennoblement programme hitherto operated by those two offices. Despite the apparently centralizing tendency of the reforms, this did not extend to any unification of entitlements to ennoblement, which continued to be based on particular ranks and titles specific to either the Kingdom of Bohemia or the Archduchy of Austria. It was not until 1752 that, on the urging of Maria Theresa herself, a unified, legally binding system for dispensing preferment and privilege, including a unified scale of aristocratic titles for all the Hereditary Lands, was introduced. In practice, ennoblement rights in the two state entities remained differentiated as to specific titles up until the early 19th century, when the two systems were superseded by a new Austrian Imperial ranking. Thus one of the last relics of the conception of the Czech Crown Lands as an autonomous historical entity finally ceased to exist., Jiří Brňovják., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
5. "Exclusivism" in international nuclear law: the concept revisited
- Creator:
- Jakub Handrlica
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- právo, law, international nuclear law, exclusivism, radioactive waste management, nuclear third party liability, transport of radioactive waste, 16, and 34
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The concept of "Exclusivism" is considered to represent one of the most characteristic features of International Nuclear Law. This concept is reflected by regulating matters of uses of nuclear energy and ionising radiation exclusively by distinct principles, that govern legal relations arising in these matters. The concept of "Exclusivism" has been widely reflected in the provisions of international conventions, which have been adopted since the 1960s. This article aims to revisit this concept, taking the most recent developments in international and European law into regard. The article is dealing with the reasons and origins of the concept of "Exclusivism" in International Nuclear Law, with reflections of this concept in existing international treaties and at last but not at least, with most recent tendencies, that aim at jeopardising this concept., Jakub Handrlica., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
6. "Je to boj přírody o život & smrt...": lékaři ve službách Schwarzenbergův letech 1780-1830
- Creator:
- Grubhoffer, Václav
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Schwarzenbergové (rod), 18.-19. století, dějiny lékařství, history of medicine, schwarzenberští lékaři, Schwarzenbergs' physicians, 8, and 94(437)
- Language:
- Czech and English
- Description:
- From the 1780s on, the court of the Princes of Schwarzenberg generally maintained four or five personal doctors. These privileged positions were frequently held by individuals who also practised as municipal or county physicians. In their castles in Bohemia the Schwarzenbergs also employed surgeons and apothecaries, and in line with the professionalization of medical care during the Enlightenment they attached great importance to the training of health workers. In the first three decades of the 19th century health care in the context of the Schwarzenberg primogeniture became even more specialized and the number of medical staff on the various Schwarzenberg estates increased. In addition to their own physicians, the Schwarzenbergs also entrusted their health needs to eminent medical experts drawn primarily from the Habsburg court and the University of Vienna and later, from the 1830s on, to many doctors working in the Czech Lands. This study considers the relationship between the high nobility as representatives of social elites on the one hand and the Enlightenment medicalization of society with its professionalization of health care on the other. It maps the structure of medical care within one aristocratic family and their estates and its transformation over a fifty‐year period. It also attempts to discover who the Schwarzenbergs’ doctors were and what socio‐cultural background they came from., Václav Grubhoffer., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
7. „Liver first approach“ u synchronních metastáz kolorektálního karcinomu: Předběžné výsledky nerandomizované studie
- Creator:
- Pudil, Jiří, Batko, Stanislav, Menclová, Kateřina, Blaha, Milan, and Ryska, Miroslav
- Format:
- print, text, and regular print
- Type:
- model:article, article, Text, práce podpořená grantem, and TEXT
- Subject:
- nádory jater--chirurgie--sekundární, kolorektální nádory--komplikace, metastázy nádorů--terapie, výsledky a postupy - zhodnocení (zdravotní péče), chemoterapie adjuvantní, statistika jako téma, dospělí, staří, ženské pohlaví, lidé, mužské pohlaví, and lidé středního věku
- Language:
- Czech and English
- Description:
- Úvod: U 60 % nemocných s kolorektálním karcinomem jsou diagnostikovány jaterní metastázy (JMKRK), ať už v době stanovení diagnózy, nebo v průběhu léčby. Chirurgická léčba je jedinou potenciálně kurabilní metodou s pětiletým přežíváním dosahujícím cca 50 %. Jaterní resekci však podstoupí méně než 20 % pacientů s JMKRK. Společnou snahou onkologů a chirurgů je navýšit počet resekovaných pacientů. Jedním z postupů, jak navýšit resekabilitu JMKRK, je „liver first approach“ (LFA). Autoři prezentují vlastní předběžné výsledky této metody. Metody: Do multicentrického grantu IGA MZ NT 13660 – Hodnocení kvality multimodální péče u nemocných s jaterními metastázami kolorektálního karcinomu – bylo od září 2012 do ledna 2015 zařazeno v ÚVN 102 pacientů. LFA jsme použili u 12 pacientů (12 %). Po příznivé léčebné odpovědi neoadjuvantní systémové léčby jsme pacienty indikovali k resekci jater. U 11 pacientů se jednalo o mnohočetné (>4 meta) bilobární postižení. V jednom případě se jednalo o objemnou solitární metastázu pravého jaterního laloku. Primární tumor byl u 9 nemocných v rektu, u 3 v oblasti rektosigmatu, 3 pacienti měli derivační kolostomii, ostatní byli bez poruchy pasáže. Výsledky: U 11 pacientů jsme provedli R0 resekci jaterních metastáz, 3x jsme indikovali dvoufázovou hepatektomii s portální embolizací (PVE), 1x jsme pro progresi po PVE ustoupili od 2. fáze). Velkou resekci jsme provedli 7x, neanatomickou resekci včetně RFA 11x (6x v kombinaci s velkou resekcí). Perioperační mortalita byla nulová, morbidita 33 % (Dindo-Clavien >2). 10 pacientů absolvovalo adjuvantní chemoterapii, 7 z nich včetně radioterapie malé pánve pro lokálně pokročilý tumor rekta. U 7 pacientů (58 %) jsme doplnili resekci primárního tumoru. V současné době zemřeli na progresi onemocnění 2 pacienti (17 %), progresi onemocnění jsme zaznamenali u 6 pacientů (50 %). Závěr: LFA považujeme za vhodný především u pacientů s generalizovaným tumorem rekta, kdy lze po resekci jater adjuvantní systémovou léčbu kombinovat s radioterapií malé pánve. Otázkou zůstává načasování operace primárního tumoru, kdy je nutné vyloučit recidivu jaterních metastáz, která se objevuje u více než 50 % pacientů. Profit LFA musí být prokázán randomizovanými studiemi., Introduction: Liver metastases are diagnosed in 60% of patients with colorectal cancer, both at the time of diagnosis or later in the course of their management. Surgical treatment is the sole potentially curable method with 5–year overall survival of approximately 50%. However, only less than 20% of patients underwent liver resection. A joint effort of medical oncologists and surgeons is to increase the numbers of resected patients. The “liver first approach” (LFA) is one of approaches aimed at increasing resecability. The authors present their preliminary results using this method. Methods: 102 patients were included in the multicentre study supported by the grant IGA NT 13660 − Evaluation of quality of multimodal treatment for patients with colorectal cancer liver metastases – conducted at the Central Military Hospital between September 2012 and January 2015. We used LFA in 12 patients (12%). Patients were indicated for liver resection based on good response to neoadjuvant systemic therapy. Multiple bilobar liver involvement (>4 metastases) was present in 11 cases and one large solitary metastasis in the right liver lobe in one case. The primary tumor was located in the rectum in 9 patients, in the rectosigmoid in 3 patients; 3 patients had a colostomy. Others showed no signs of bowel obstruction. Results: We have performed R0 resections in 11 cases, and two-stage hepatectomy with portal vein embolisation was indicated 3 times (in one case we did not finish the second stage due to quick progression after PVE). We performed major resections 7 times, along with sever extraanatomic resections, incl. 11 RFA (6 times in combination with major resections). Perioperative mortality was 0%, morbidity 33% (Dindo-Clavien >2). Ten patients underwent adjuvant chemotherapy, in 7 cases including radiotherapy of the small pelvis due to a local advanced primary tumor. Resection of the primary tumor was done in 7 patients (58%). Two patients died recently because of disease progression (17%); progression was observed in 6 patients (50%). Conclusion: We deem the LFA suitable especially for patients with metastatic rectal tumors where adjuvant systemic therapy can be combined with radiotherapy. The timing of the resection of the primary tumor still remains a question: it is necessary to rule out potential recurrence of liver metastases, which affected more than 50% of the patients. The benefit of LFA must be confimed by randomised studies., and J. Pudil, S. Batko, K. Menclová, M. Bláha, M. Ryska
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
8. "Obecný lid nejvíc ziskem k činům se popuzuje": záchrany lidí před utonutím v Čechách na konci 18. století
- Creator:
- Hudeček, Ondřej
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- utonutí, drowning, Česko, Czechia, zdravotní policie, remunerace, drowning people, remuneration, medical police, 8, and 94(437)
- Language:
- Czech and English
- Description:
- This article examines the administration of rescue operations to save people from drowning and the distribution of rewards to rescuers in Bohemia during the 1780s and 1790s. Based on documented interrogations and official records, the article looks at the investigatory process, the conditions rescuers had to fulfil in order to apply for a reward from the Bohemian Gubernium, and the role of other actors in this process, such as witnesses and doctors. The study departs from the concept of biopolitics developed by French philosopher Michel Foucault and shows how the state authorities tried to foster mutual solidarity among town dwellers. While Enlightenment thinkers continued to stress the role of "love for human beings" (Menschenliebe), i.e. universal interpersonal solidarity, the elites held the view that the biggest motivation for anyone to save a person from drowning was monetary reward. The aim of the enlighteners, however, was to encourage people to embrace the ideal of "Menschenliebe" and to fully identify with it - hence their emphasis on cases of selfless acts, especially in newspapers and popular literature. Besides that, the article analyses the trend towards the medicalization of society in the Enlightenment period and changes in attitudes to death., Ondřej Hudeček., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
9. „Stresová dovolená“ aneb takotsubo kardiomyopatie
- Creator:
- Koc, Lumír, Pavlušová, Marie, Pařenica, Jiří, Maňoušek, Jan, Vlašínová, Jitka, Špinar, Jindřich, and Kala, Petr
- Format:
- print, text, and regular print
- Type:
- model:article, article, Text, kazuistiky, and TEXT
- Subject:
- lidé, lidé středního věku, ženské pohlaví, takotsubo kardiomyopatie--diagnóza--patofyziologie--terapie, náhlá srdeční smrt--etiologie, fibrilace komor--diagnóza--etiologie, elektrokardiografie, echokardiografie, koronární angiografie, radioisotopová ventrikulografie, defibrilátory implantabilní, infarkt myokardu--diagnóza, and diferenciální diagnóza
- Language:
- Czech and English
- Description:
- Takotsubo kardiomyopatie je náhle vzniklé onemocnění charakterizované reverzibilní poruchou kinetiky levé srdeční komory. V typickém případě se rozvíjí následkem silného stresového podnětu a prezentuje se symptomy, EKG a laboratorním nálezem, které připomínají akutní koronární syndrom. Od toho se liší nepřítomností onemocnění koronárních tepen a ve většině případů nekomplikovaným průběhem s následnou velmi dobrou dlouhodobou prognózou. V kazuistice popisujeme případ 63leté ženy, u které se počátek onemocnění projevil fibrilací komor. Díky okamžité kardiopulmonální resuscitaci a následné odborné péči ve specializovaném kardiocentru, která mimo jiné zahrnovala implantaci implantabilního kardioverteru-defibrilátoru v rámci sekundární prevence náhlé srdeční smrti, se pacientka zotavila bez jakýchkoliv následků. Takotsubo kardiomyopatie je důležitou jednotkou v diferenciální diagnóze akutního koronárního syndromu. I přes dobrou prognózu, kterou se vyznačuje ve většině případů, ji nelze podcenit a zaslouží si náležitou pozornost a léčbu, která umožní předcházet případným komplikacím., Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TTC) is an acute syndrome characterized by rapid onset of transient systolic dysfunction of the left ventricle. Symptoms, ECG and laboratory findings resemble acute coronary syndrome, from which TTC differs by the absence of coronary artery disease. In typical cases, TTC is triggered by exposure to unexpected stress and the clinical course and prognosis are very good. We present a case of a 63-year-old woman, in whom the onset of the disease was complicated by ventricular fibrillation. The patient recovered without sequelae thanks to immediate cardiopulmonary resuscitation and following care in a specialized cardiocenter, which involved also implantation of implantable cardioverter defibrillator to prevent sudden cardiac death. Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is an important entity in the differential diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome. Despite very good prognosis in most cases it should not be underestimated and it deserves careful attention and treatment which can prevent harmful complications., and Lumír Koc, Marie Pavlušová, Jiří Pařenica, Jan Maňoušek, Jitka Vlašínová, Jindřich Špinar, Petr Kala
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
10. “Try to be really good in two fields” (Miroslav Fiedler Interviewed by Jeff Stuart)
- Creator:
- Stuart, Jeffrey
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- matematika, mathematics, 13, and 51
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Jeffrey Stuart.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public