The development of an elevation frame requires a movement model of the Earth's crust. Currently, regardless of the existence of ASG-EUPOS, it seems that the most reasonable approach is to use the model developed from the levelling data. In Poland three maps of vertical crustal movements were developed on the basis of levelling data. The most recent version was published in 2006. In the above mentioned elaborations, the vertical crustal movements were calculated from two subsequent first order levelling campaigns. The results of all four levelling campaigns in Poland were accumulated and digitalized to include more data. The colocation method was used to develop the model. The graphical representation was made with triangulation and linear interpolation. One unified database was developed on the basis of collected and unified data set of unadjusted observations. The first trials of common use of the three first order levelling campaigns were performed in 2008. However the available levelling data was not complete. The goal of this paper is to evaluate the usefulness of the data from the last three campaigns of precise levelling for the development of vertical movement model in Poland., Kamil Kowalczyk and Jacek Rapinski., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Reliable observations are the prerequisite for high-precision GNSS data processing. Data quality evaluation at the pre-processing procedure can help the user to identify the weakness of the observations. The open source software package G-Nut/Anubis developed at Geodetic Observatory Pecny (GOP) is introduced and used for the evaluation of long-term BeiDou/GPS signal. Several key indicators are selected to evaluate the BeiDou/GPS observations. Quantitative analysis shows that more than 100 stations can achieve 6-hour standalone BeiDou positioning at least. The completeness of the BeiDou phase and code observations at three frequencies is higher than that of the GPS observations in the selected station which is mainly attributed to the high elevation observations from GEO and IGSO satellites. Qualitative analysis shows that the multipath effects for pseudorange observations are correlated with signal, receiver types and firmware versions besides the station environment. Users attempting to improve the pseudorange observations by multipath filter should pay attention also to the receiver-specific settings. Cycle slip counts are used to indicate the quality of carrier-phase observations. Results show that BeiDou C05 satellite is more affected by the cycle slips, in particular the third frequency observables. For GPS, the third frequency is more robust compared to the legacy frequencies. Comprehensive single point positioning results show that positioning accuracy for BeiDou is worse than that of GPS, which is mainly caused by less active satellites, worse geometry and the larger errors in the broadcast ephemeris. The BeiDou positioning accuracy was further degraded by the C13/C15 satellite and dominated by large clock errors. Broadcast evaluation shows that the BeiDou orbit errors are related to the constellations. Overall, the orbit precision for both GPS and BeiDou has been gradually improved. Outliers were observed for navigation records assigned with the healthy status, especially for BeiDou broadcast orbits. and Zhao Lewen, Dousa Jan, Vaclavovic Pavel, Ye Shirong, Xia Fengyu.
The observation network was built for the repeated determination of spatial position of points by means of the GPS method. It was built on the surface above extracted mining panels near Karviná, to monitor the development of subsidence depression in non-trivial geo-mechanical conditions. Two years of repeated surveying gave us the information about the process of creating of the subsidence depression in such area. The results gained so far show the important influence of the complicated tectonic situation on the behaviour of surface subsidence. A smooth development of subsidence depression without important irregularities was found out on sites without tectonic faults, while on sites where rock mass is disturbed with tectonic faults, the shape of subsidence depression is very irregular., Hana Doležalová, Vlastimil Kajzar, Kamil Souček and Lubomír Staš., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The ischemia and reperfusion of a jejunal graft during transplantation triggers the stress of endoplasmic reticulum thus inducing the synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Spreading of these signals stimulate immunological reactions in distal tissues, i.e. lung, liver and spleen. The aim of this study was to detect the molecular changes in liver and spleen induced by transplanted jejunal graft with one or six hours of reperfusion (group Tx1 and Tx6). Analysis of gene expression changes of inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-10) and specific chaperones (Gadd153, Grp78) derived from endoplasmic reticulum (ER) was done and compared to control group. The qRT-PCR method was used for amplification of the specific genes. The levels of corresponding proteins were detected by Western blot with immunodetection. Protein TNF-α was in liver tissue significantly overexpressed in the experimental group Tx1 by 48 % (p<0.001). In the group Tx6 we found decreased levels of the same protein to the level of controls. However, the protein concentrations of TNF-α in spleen showed increased levels in group Tx1 by 31 % (p<0.001) but even higher levels in the group Tx6 by 115 % (p<0.001) in comparing to controls. Our data demonstrated that the spleen is more sensitive to posttransplantation inflammation than liver, with consequent stress of ER potentially inducing apoptosis and failure of basic functions of lymphoid tissue., P. Urban, M. Rabajdová, Š. Feterik, G. Bódy, T. Granda, M. Mareková, J. Veselá., and Obsahuje bibliografii
a1_Numidian quartz-rich sandstones collected from four different reconstructed sections along the Apennine chain of Southern Italy, have been studied for their textural, petrographic and geochemical characteristics to verify their potential industrial use. Sampling was carried out along a NW-SE transect: Monteverde and Aquilonia sections at NW (Campania Region) and Valsinni and Rotondella ones at SE (Lucania Region). The sandstones from NW successions are subarkoses with subordinate sublitharenites. High compositional maturity is shown by these sandstones containing high SiO2 values (93wt% in average) and lowest amounts of CaO (0.08 wt%), MgO (0.1wt%), Fe2O3 (0.9 wt%) due to the absence of carbonate components (cement and lithics) and scarce presence of clay-ferruginous cement. The sandstones from SE successions show lower contents of SiO2 (87 wt% in average) and relatively higher contents of CaO (up to 7.4 wt%), MgO (up to 1.9 wt%) and Fe2O3 (up to 4.6 wt%) as compared to the previous ones, connected to the presence of calcite and clay-ferruginous cements; these can be classified as Fe-sands with subordinate sublitharenites. The sandstones from NW area show a better potential vocation to be used in the glass industry. However, the coloring elements contents are too high for clear or optical glass production. They are it is suitable as raw material for colored glass, insulating fibres, foundry molds or air Crete. With the aim of assessing the possible improvement of chemical characters, four granulometric fractions (A< 63 μm, B 63-125 μm, C 125-250 μm and D >250μm) were analyzed considering four samples from NW successions., a2_Based on chemical composition, C and D fractions from Aquilonia area, are the most suitable for a coloured glass, while fractions A (<63 μm) and B (63-125 μm) mixed in proportions of 40 % (A) and 60 % (B), appropriately cleaned of clays, heavy minerals and iron hydroxides, could be used as raw material for the paint industry. The obtained results suggest a complete exploitation of this type of sandstones in the manufacturing industry, reducing waste materials and enhancing the economic value of these resources from southern regions of Italy., Annamaria Fornelli and Francesca Micheletti., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The present study describes the estimation of acetaminophen (AAP) toxicity in cultured rat hepatocytes. We used different concentrations of AAP - 1, 2. 5, 5, 10 and 20 mM, to test influence of AAP on cellular viability, functional capacity and oxidative status at given time intervals. WST-1 test showed decrease of dehydrogenase activity in 5, 10 and 20 mM AAP to 75 % of control values after 1 hour of incubation. At 12 h of treatment, all AAP concentrations decreased WST-1 signal; no enzyme activity was found since 18 h in cells treated with 20 mM AAP according to LDH leakage test performed at 24 h of incubation. Functional capacity was tested by albumin assay where the decrease was strictly related to AAP dose. Intracellular oxidative status was assessed by analysis of GSH/GSSG levels and time course of ROS production and glutathione reductase (GR) activity. Increased ROS prod uction was found already after 3 h of incubation in 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 mM AAP, respectively. The highest ROS production was measured after 12 h treatment. GR activity was decreased already after 3 h of incubation and remained also decreased in cells treated with 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 mM AAP during further incubation., Tomáš Roušar ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
The dedicated satellite gravity missions have provided homogeneous and uniformly accurate information on the long and medium wavelengths of the Earth’s gravity field. Since the launch of GOCE satellite gravimetry mission by the European Space Agency (ESA) in 2009, several global geopotential models (GGMs) have been published. This study evaluates the recent GOCE-based GGMs over the area of Poland. The evaluation has been performed with the use of the EGM08 as well as high-precision GPS/levelling control traverse consisting of 184 stations. One GOCE-only GGM, four GOCE/GRACE satellite-only GGMs, and one GOCE/GRACE GGM combined with terrestrial gravity data have been selected for the evaluation. The results of inter-comparison of the models as well as their accuracy assessment have been discussed., Walyeldeen Godah and Jan Krynski., and Obsahuje bibliografii
According to previous observations, it was hypothesized that the feeding behavior of some ant species would be deterred by a scavenger deterrent factor (SDF), whereas for other species it would not. The effects of the SDF were studied on 11 ant species in three different subfamilies: Dolichoderinae Forel, 1878, Formicinae Latreille, 1809, and Myrmicinae Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1835. The experiments were conducted from 2014-2015 in Davis, California, United States, Aydin, Turkey, and Duzce, Turkey. Five-day-old Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Poinar, 1976), (Hb)-killed and freeze-killed Galleria mellonella (Linnaeus, 1758) were exposed to ant colonies in the field for 3 to 4 h. Seven ant species fed significantly less on Hb-killed insects than freeze-killed insect. On the other hand, there was no significant difference in cadaver consumption with five species, but Liometopum occidentale Emery, 1895 did consume a higher rate of Hb-killed insects than freeze-killed insects and was not deterred by SDF. It was also observed that four ant species took Hb-killed insects into the nests, but two Myrmicinae species, Pogonomyrmex subdentatus Mayr, 1870 and Messor meridionalis (André, 1883) removed the cadavers after 30 min, whereas two Formicinae species, Cataglyphis nodus (Brullé, 1833) and Formica fusca Linnaeus, 1758, retained the cadavers in the nest. It was assumed that the latter two species consumed both Hb-killed and freeze-killed insects. Further studies are needed to explain why L. occidentale C. nodus and F. fusca are not deterred by SDF., Baris Gulcu, Selcuk Hazir, Edwin E. Lewis, Harry K. Kaya., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The benefit of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) of transplant renal artery stenosis for ischemic nephropathy may be adversely affected by rejection or other complications. As a result, assessment of the effect of PTA on renal function or blood pressure is often difficult. In this paper, we evaluated the effect of PTA using the method of integrated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) based upon the area under the curve over a follow-up period (AUC0-t), to express the level of GFR in a simple manner despite its significant fluctuations. A similar procedure was used to evaluate mean arterial pressure (MAP). The method was employed to assess the outcome in 20 individuals before PTA, and 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after PTA. In eight cases, rejection was detected while there was one case of glomerulonephritis in the graft during the follow-up period. Evaluation (AUCCcr)0-12 related to the integrated pre-PTA value of Ccr [(Ccr)0 x 12] revealed a rise in GFR by more than 20 % in 65 % of cases. No improvement was observed in seven individuals with post-PTA complications. When assessing the integrated value of MAP, success of PTA (a reduction by at least 10 %) was found in 85 % of cases. No significant correlation was found between the relative changes of integrated GFR and MAP. Our data suggest that evaluation of the integrated value of GFR or MAP on the basis of AUC0-t allows to characterize, in a simple manner, the level of graft function and MAP throughout the follow-up period in individual cases. Furthermore, it may provide additional information on the average values obtained at different time intervals after the therapeutic procedure., J. Stříbrná, O. Schück, J.H. Peregrin, D. Krajíčková, J. Skibová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
We investigated the utility of strain, strain rate, and tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) for the evaluation of the right ventricle (RV) impairment in patients with a hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) who underwent a successful alcohol septal ablation (ASA) and were without RV hypertrophy. A group of 19 patients suffering from HOCM with 22 controls was compared. The parameters of TDI were evaluated in mitral and tricuspid annulus. Strain and strain rate derived from TDI were assessed in an apical free wall of RV, as well as in basal segments of the left ventricle. Between both groups, there were significant differences only in isovolumic pre-ejection time (79.2±17.3 ms vs. 58.5±8.1 ms, p<0.01), isovolumic relaxation time (104.7±26.2 ms vs. 77.3±24.5 ms, p<0.01), myocardial performance (Tei) index measured from TDI (0.61±0.14 vs. 0.49±0.09, p<0.01), and early peak diastolic velocity of TDI (10.6±1.67 cm/s vs. 12.6±2.21 cm/s; p<0.05). Our results suggest the impairment of both systolic and diastolic RV function in patients suffering from HOCM. TDI-related parameters appear to be more sensitive than strain and strain rate for evaluation., D. Zemánek ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy