It has been shown that besides positron emission tomography, single photon emission computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging; contrast echocardiography can be used for qualitative and quantitative myocardial perfusion assessment. In this review, the properties of ultrasound contrast agents, imaging techniques and acquisition methods are shortly described and the possibilities of perfusion echocardiography are summarized. The main focus is put on the description of three perfusion models: mathematical models, physical models assuming an ideal inflow and physical models including inflow measurement., R. Kolář ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Purification of quartz using an environment-friendly method is important in the contaminants removal. This paper presents advanced method based on calcination pretreatment combined with ultrasound-assisted leaching, for removing iron impurities from industrial quartz. The solvent used is a mixture comprised by diluted hydrochloric acid and oxalic acid. The effects of experimental parameters were investigated and the purification mechanism was discussed using particle size analyzer, scanning electron microscope and polarized light microscope. SiO2 content of concentrate could be increased from 99.6828% to 99.9047%, which achieved 3N level high purity quartz, and Fe2O3 content reduced from 0.0857% to 0.0223%, under the optimal conditions, i.e., calcination temperature of 900 °C, holding time of 2 h, oxalic acid concentration of 10 g/L, hydrochloric acid concentration of 5%, liquid solid ratio of 5, leaching temperature of 60 °C, ultrasound power of 400 W and treatment time of 30 min. Compared to conventional method, the proposed method significantly accelerates the leaching process and increases the iron removal rate. At the same time, the method also can remove gas-liquid inclusions. and Yang Changqiao, Li Suqin, Bai Jiaxing, Han Shuaishuai.
AMP -activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays a role in metabolic regulation under stress conditions, and inadequate AMPK signaling may be also involved in aging process. The aim was to find out whether AMPK α 2-subunit deletion affects heart function and ische mic tolerance of adult and aged mice. AMPK α 2 -/- (KO) and wild type (WT) female mice were compared at the age of 6 and 18 months. KO mice exhibited subtle myocardial AMPK α 2-subunit protein level, but no difference in AMPK α 1-subunit was detected between the strains. Both α 1- and α 2-subunits of AMPK and their phosphorylation decreased with advanced age. Left ventricular fractional shortening was lower in KO than in WT mice of both age groups and this difference was maintained after high-fat feeding. Infarct size induced by global ischemia/reperfusion of isolated hearts was similar in both strains at 6 months of age. Aged WT but not KO mice exhibited improved ischemic tolerance compared with the younger group. High-fat feeding for 6 months during aging abolished the infarct size-reduction in WT without affecting KO animals; nevertheless, the extent of injury remained larger in KO mice. The results demonstrate that adverse effects of AMPK α 2-subunit deletion and high-fat feeding on heart function and myocardia l ischemic tolerance in aged female mice are not additive., K. Slámová, F. Papoušek, P. Janovská, J. Kopecký, F. Kolář., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Aerial photogrammetry was chosen as an additional observation method of the subsidence depression that was created above exploited coal mining panels near Karviná. While individual points of a permanent observation network were repeatedly surveyed by GNSS, the whole subsidence depression was surveyed by the aerial photogrammetry. As this method was applied three times (during three years) we can compare its results in individual years and observe the major surface changes on the undermined area. Also, a comparison was realized between the points’ coordinates gained from both aerial photogrammetry and GNSS. The results show that the method of aerial photogrammetry enriches and complements the GNSS observation in monitoring the spatial development and shape of the subsidence depression, especially in the areas of active recultivation., Vlastimil Kajzar, Hana Doležalová, Kamil Souček and Lubomír Staš., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Accumulating evidence indicates that hypertension is associated with "ion channel remodeling" of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). The objective of this study was to determine the effects of exercise intensity/volume on hypertension-associated changes in large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (BKCa) channels in mesenteric arteries (MAs) from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Male SHRs were randomly assigned to three groups: a low-intensity aerobic exercise group (SHR-L: 14 m/min), a moderate-intensity aerobic exercise group (SHR-M: 20 m/min), and a sedentary group (SHR). Age-matched Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKYs) were used as normotensive controls. Exercise groups completed an 8-week exercise program. Elevation of the α and β1 proteins was unequal in MA myocytes from SHRs, with the β1 subunit increasing more than the α subunit. BKCa contribution to vascular tone regulation was higher in the myocytes and arteries of SHRs compared to WKYs. SHR BKCa channel subunit protein expression, β1/α ratio, whole cell current density and single-channel open probability was also increased compared with WKYs. Aerobic exercise lowered systemic blood pressure and normalized hypertension-associated BKCa alterations to normotensive control levels in the SHRs. These effects were more pronounced in the moderate-intensity group than in the low-intensity group. There is a dose-effect for aerobic exercise training in the range of low to moderate-intensity and accompanying volume for the correction of the pathological adaptation of BKCa channels in myocytes of MAs from SHR., Y. Zhang, Y. Chen, L. Zhang, N. Lu, L. Shi., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Moderní kardiovaskulární rehabilitace u pacientů s chronickým srdečním selháním (CHSS) je v zahraničí chápána jako multidisciplinární proces. I přes obrovské pokroky v léčbě tohoto těžkého onemocnění není zatím v České republice věnována prakticky žádná pozornost ambulantní rehabilitační péči o nemocné s chronickým srdečním selháním. Přitom vhodně nastavená pohybová aktivita prokazatelně zvyšuje kvalitu života a omezuje náklady na léčbu těchto nemocných. Tento přehledový článek poukazuje na velký přínos kardiovaskulární rehabilitace pro pacienty s CHSS. Klíčová slova: chronické srdeční selhání – kombinovaný trénink – aerobní kapacita – kvalita života – Threshold IMT – inspirační svalstvo, Foreign specialists understand modern cardiac rehabilitation in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) as a multidisciplinary process. Despite huge advances in the treatment of this severe disease in the Czech Republic, virtually no attention is paid to outpatient rehabilitation care for these patients, although appropriately chosen physical activity demonstrably improves quality of life and reduces the cost of treatment provided to these patients. This review highlights the great benefits of cardiac rehabilitation for patients with CHF. Keywords: chronic heart failure – combined training – aerobic capacity – quality of life – Threshold IMT – inspiratory muscle, and Dosbaba F., Žurková P., Ludka O., Vysoký R., Baťalík L., Špinar J., Kolařík O.
The paper studies applications of C*-algebras in geometric topology. Namely, a covariant functor from the category of mapping tori to a category of AF-algebras is constructed; the functor takes continuous maps between such manifolds to stable homomorphisms between the corresponding AF-algebras. We use this functor to develop an obstruction theory for the torus bundles of dimension 2, 3 and 4. In conclusion, we consider two numerical examples illustrating our main results., Igor Nikolaev., and Obsahuje seznam literatury