In the paper a problem of elaboration and the use local quasige oid on mining areas in south-eastern Poland is discussed. The models were elaborated within research projects carried by Institution of Geodesy and Cartography AGH in years 1996-2005 and related to mining caused terrain surface deformation problems. One part of the carried research was elaboration of quasi-geoid model that can be used in practical aspects of mine surveying. There is an example of this quasi-geoid model application in leveling surveys presented in the paper. Furthermore, discussed quasi-geoid models elaborated for small areas provide detailed information about the shape of this surface and they determine database completing existing country models as for example Leveling Geoid 2001 for area of Poland., Piotr Banasik., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Quaternary benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids (QBA), fagaronine (FA), sanguinarine (SA), chelerythrine (CHE) and the QBA extract from Macleya cordata (EX) exerted differential inhibitory effect on the hydrolytic activity of particular dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-like enzyme isolated from human blood plasma and from human and rat glioma cell lines. The low-MW form of DPP-IV-like enzyme activity, corresponding most probably to DPP-8, observed only in glioma cells but not in human plasma, was inhibited preferentially by SA, CHE and EX, and only slightly by FA. The alkaloid inhibitory effect was concentration-dependent in the range 25-150 M and directly pH-related. In addition, a subtle but consistent inhibition of the intermediate-MW form of DPP-IV-like enzyme activity, ascribed to DPP-IV/CD26, observed only in human plasma and of the attractin (high-MW form of DPP-IV-like enzyme activity, expressed in U87 glioma cells) by the studied alkaloids was observed. We conclude that some of the QBA biological effects could be determined by tissue and cell type specific dipeptidyl peptidase IV-like molecules expression pattern., A. Šedo, R. Malík, J. Vičar, V. Šimánek, J. Ulrichová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The present study evaluates the protective role of Quercetin (Quer), against immobilization stress- induced anxiety, depression and cognition alteration in mice using behavioral and biochemical parameters. 24 adult Albino mice were distributed into 2 groups vehicle (n=12; 1 ml/kg) and Quer injected (n=12; 20 mg/kg/ml). The animals received their respective treatment for 14 days. On day 15, after the drug administration, animals were sub-divided into 4 groups (n=6); (i) unstressed + vehicle; (ii) stressed + vehicle; (iii) unstressed + Quer; (iv) stressed + Quer. On day 16, 24 h after the immobilization stress behavioral activities (light-dark activity, elevated plus maze, Morris water maze, and forced swim test) monitored and then animals were decapitated 1 h after the drug administration. Brain samples were collected for biochemical (antioxidant enzymes, AChE, ACh, 5-HT and its metabolite) analysis. The present study indicates the Quer reversed the stress-induced anxiety and depression, in addition, memory performance was more enhanced in stressed group. Following the treatment of Quer, stress-induced elevation of lipid peroxidation and suppression of antioxidant enzymes were also reversed. Administration of Quer decreased AChE in unstressed, while levels of acetylcholine were increased in vehicle and Quer treated stressed animals. The metabolism of 5-HT was increased in Quer treated stressed than unstressed animals. In conclusion, the present finding showed that Quer could prevent the impairment of antioxidant enzymes and also regulate the serotonergic and cholinergic neurotransmission and produce antianxiety, antidepressant effect and enhance memory following 2 h immobilization stress in mice., N. Samad, A. Saleem, F. Yasmin, M. A. Shehzad., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The purpose of this study was to determine preventive and protective effects of chronic orally administration with quetiapine (QUE) against anxiety-like behavior and cognitive impairments in rats exposed to the enhanced single prolonged stress (ESPS), an animal model that is used to study post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and to detect changes in the expression of cortical phosphorylated p44/42 extracellular-regulated protein kinase (pERK1/2). Before or after exposure to ESPS paradigm, consisting of 2-h constraint, 20-min forced swimming, etherinduced loss of consciousness, and an electric foot shock, rats were given orally QUE (10 mg/kg daily) for 14 days. Animals were then tested in the open field (OF), elevated plus-maze (EPM), and Morris water maze (MWM). Brains were removed for immunohistochemical staining of pERK1/2. ESPS exposure resulted in pronounced anxiety-like behavior compared to unexposed animals. ESPS-exposed animals also displayed marked learning and spatial memory impairments. However, QUE treatment (both before and after ESPS exposure) significantly ameliorated anxiety-like behavior, learning and spatial memory impairments. ESPS also markedly reduced the expression of pERK1/2 in the prefrontal cortex, medial amygdala nucleus, and cingulate gyrus. Both before and after ESPS exposure QUE treatments significantly elevated the reduced pERK1/2 expression in the three brain regions. QUE has preventive and protective effects against stress-associated symptoms and the changes in pERK1/2 functions may be associated with the pathophysiology of traumatic stress and the therapeutic efficacy of anti-PTSD therapy., H.-N. Wang ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
n this paper, the upper and lower bounds for the quotient of spectral radius (Laplacian spectral radius, signless Laplacian spectral radius) and the clique number together with the corresponding extremal graphs in the class of connected graphs with n vertices and clique number ω(2 ≤ ω ≤ n) are determined. As a consequence of our results, two conjectures given in Aouchiche (2006) and Hansen (2010) are proved., Kinkar Ch. Das, Muhuo Liu., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Cholangiokarcinom (CC) je vzácný maligní nádor vznikající z cholangiocytů. Prognóza CC bývá většinou nepříznivá. Zásadní podíl na této skutečnosti má pozdní diagnóza nádoru. Současná incidence CC v České republice činí asi 1,4 na 100 000 obyvatel za rok; u méně než 30 % pacientů s CC lze identifikovat některý ze známých rizikových faktorů, nejčastěji primární sklerozující cholangiitidu. Naději na delší dobu přežití mají pacienti s časně diagnostikovaným, chirurgicky řešitelným CC, u kterých dosahuje 5letá doba přežití asi 20–40 %. Pro časnou diagnózu CC mají zásadní význam zobrazovací metody a histopatologické zhodnocení, zatímco časně diagnostický význam onkomarkerů je omezený. Racionální časná diagnostika CC spočívá v účelném využití diferencovaných výhod jednotlivých zobrazovacích metod – optimální se jeví MRI s DSA, EUS je citlivou metodou pro identifikaci malignit v oblasti jaterního hilu nebo distálního choledochu, zatímco MRCP (magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography) spíše při zobrazení patologických změn biliárního stromu, ERCP (endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography) umožňuje odběr materiálu pro histopatologické vyšetření. Přínosem jsou i novější diagnostické metody, např. IDUS – intraduktální ultrasonografie biliárních cest anebo SPY-GLASS, umožňující vyšetřit žlučové cesty přímým pohledem s možností odběru cíleného bioptického vzorku. Specificitu i senzitivitu histologického a cytologického vyšetření lze zvýšit využitím molekulárně cytogenetické metody FISH, tj. fluorescenční in situ hybridizací, u níž specificita dosahuje 97 %., Cholangiocarcinoma (CC) is a rare malignant tumour arising from cholangiocytes, and its prognosis is usually unfavourable, mostly as a result of late diagnosis of the tumour. The current incidence of cholangiocarcinoma in the Czech Republic is 1.4/100,000 inhabitants per year; in less than 30 % of patients with CC, one of the known risk factors can be identified, most frequently, primary sclerosing cholangitis. Only patients with early diagnosed and surgically amenable cholangiocarcinoma are likely to have a longer survival time; in their case, survival for more than five years has been achieved in 20 % to 40 %. From the perspective of the need for early diagnosis of CC, a significant part is played by imaging and histopathologic evaluation; the early diagnostic significance of oncomarkers is limited. The rational early diagnosis of CC consists in effective use of differentiated advantages of different imaging modalities – MRI with DSA appears to be the optimal method, endosonography is a sensitive method for the identification of malignancy in the hepatic hilum or distal common bile duct, MRCP (magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography) is used to display pathological changes in the biliary tree, ERCP (endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography) allows material removal for histopathological examination. Other new approaches are also beneficial, such as IDUS – intraductal ultrasonography of biliary tract or SPY-GLASS, enabling examination of the bile ducts by direct view with the possibility of taking targeted biopsies. Sensitivity and specificity of histology and cytology can be increased by using the molecular cytogenetic FISH method, i.e. fluorescence in situ by hybridization, with a specificity of 97 %., and Martin Rydlo, Jana Dvořáčková, Tomáš Kupka, Pavel Klvaňa, Jaroslav Havelka, Magdalena Uvírová, Edvard Geryk, Daniel Czerný, Tomáš Jonszta, Martina Bojková, Vladimír Hrabovský, Veronika Jelínková, Arnošt Martínek, Petr Dítě