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962. Cryptosporidium meleagridis and C. baileyi (Apicomplexa) in domestic and wild birds in Algeria
- Creator:
- Laatamna, Abd Elkarim, Holubová, Nikola, Bohumil Sak, and Martin Kváč
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- epidemiologie, epidemiology, Afrika severní, Africa, North, avian cryptosporidia, PCR, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- A total of 345 faecal samples were collected from domestic, captive and wild birds in rural areas, urban areas and a Zoo in Algeria. Samples were screened for the presence of parasites belonging to the genus Cryptosporidium Tyzzer, 1910 by microscopy and PCR analysis of the small-subunit rRNA (SSU), actin and 60-kDa glycoprotein (gp60) genes. Cryptosporidium spp. were detected in 31 samples. Sequence analysis of SSU and actin genes revealed the presence of C. baileyi Current, Upton et Haynes, 1986 in domestic chicken broilers (n = 12), captive ostriches (n = 4) and a wild mallard (n = 1), and C. meleagridis Slavin, 1955 in a graylag goose (n = 1), chickens (n = 11) and turkeys (n = 2). Twenty-three chicken and two turkey broilers from five farms were positive for cryptosporidia, with an overall prevalence of 2% and 6%, respectively. Both C. meleagridis and C. baileyi were detected in farmed chicken broilers, with a prevalence ranging from 9% to 69%. Farmed turkeys broilers were positive only for C. meleagridis, with a 13% prevalence at the animal level. Subtyping of C. meleagridis isolates at the gp60 locus showed the presence of subtype IIIgA22G3R1 in graylag goose and chicken broilers and IIIgA23G2R1 in chicken and turkey broilers. Infection with cryptosporidia was not associated with any clinical diseases. The results of the present study, which provides the first data on the prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. in wild birds in Africa, demonstrate the presence of human pathogenic C. meleagridis in both domestic and wild birds in Algeria., Abd Elkarim Laatamna, Nikola Holubová, Bohumil Sak, Martin Kváč., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
963. Cryptosporidium parvum infection in experimentally infected mice: infection dynamics and effect of immunosuppression
- Creator:
- Tarazona, Raquel, Blewett, David A., and Carmona, Manuel Dominguez
- Format:
- Type:
- model:internalpart and TEXT
- Subject:
- Cryptosporidiosis, infectivity, oocyst shedding, cyclophosphamide, and immunosuppression
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The elicci of mouse strain, age, sex, and the size of infective dose on the susceptibility to infection with the coccidium Cryptosporidium, parvum Tyzzer, 1912 was determined using several murine models. Mice were infected with C. parvum oocysts originally of cervine origin, maintained by repeat passage in calves. All mice in the experimental groups proved susceptible to infection, though this resulted asymptomatic in all cases. C. parvum infection in BALB/c and Porton mice exhibited some variation. BALB/c mice demonstrated a longer prepatent period than Porton mice. They also produced a greater oocyst output over the patent period, though the differences were not statistically significant. Differences were observed between mice infected at either 3 or 4 weeks of age. Prepatent period was shorter in those mice infected at 3 weeks of age, reaching 100% infection rate by day 7 post-inoculation. The patent period was longer in younger mice showing that age at time of infection can modify the oocyst shedding profile. However, no sex related differences in the course of infection were observed. The effect of different infective doses of oocysts was analysed. The three doses used (l-O4, IO5, 106) proved infective for all mice, there were no statistical differences in either prépaient or patent periods, or in the oocyst shedding profiles. Experimental cryptosporidiosis was also induced in cyclophosphamide-immunosuppressed mice. Cyclophosphamide was orally administered by stomach lube at a dose of 50 mg/kg/day starting 10 days before the intragastric inoculation of 10fi oocysts of C. parvum per mouse and continuing until the end of the experiment, Immunosupprcsscd mice had a shorter prepatent period, remained infected longer and shed more oocysts than immunocompetent mice. Immunosuppression produced high mortality rates; during the course of the experiment 44% of immunosuppressed-infcctcd and 30% of immunosuppressed-uninfccted mice died. There were no deaths in the untreated groups. Differences in the clinical course of the infection were also observed between immunosuppressed and immunocompetent mice; however, some mice recovered without immunosuppression withdrawal.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
964. Cryptosporidium testudinis sp. n., Cryptosporidium ducismarci Traversa, 2010 and Cryptosporidium tortoise genotype III (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae) in tortoises
- Creator:
- Ježková, Jana, Horčičková, Michaela, Lenka Hlásková, Bohumil Sak, Dana Květoňová, Novák, Jan, Hofmannová, Lada, McEvoy, John, and Martin Kváč
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- morfologie (biologie), morphology (biology), transmission studies, taxonomy, new species, molecular phylogeny, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- a1_Understanding of the diversity of species of Cryptosporidium Tyzzer, 1910 in tortoises remains incomplete due to the limited number of studies on these hosts. The aim of the present study was to characterise the genetic diversity and biology of cryptosporidia in tortoises of the family Testudinidae Batsch. Faecal samples were individually collected immediately after defecation and were screened for presence of cryptosporidia by microscopy using aniline-carbol-methyl violet staining, and by PCR amplification and sequence analysis targeting the small subunit rRNA (SSU), Cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein (COWP) and actin genes. Out of 387 faecal samples from 16 tortoise species belonging to 11 genera, 10 and 46 were positive for cryptosporidia by microscopy and PCR, respectively. All samples positive by microscopy were also PCR positive. Sequence analysis of amplified genes revealed the presence of the Cryptosporidium tortoise genotype I (n = 22), C. ducismarci Traversa, 2010 (n = 23) and tortoise genotype III (n = 1). Phylogenetic analyses of SSU, COWP and actin gene sequences revealed that Cryptosporidium tortoise genotype I and C. ducismarci are genetically distinct from previously described species of Cryptosporidium. Oocysts of Cryptosporidium tortoise genotype I, measuring 5.8-6.9 µm × 5.3-6.5 µm, are morphologically distinguishable from C. ducismarci, measuring 4.4-5.4 µm × 4.3-5.3 µm. Oocysts of Cryptosporidium tortoise genotype I and C. ducismarci obtained from naturally infected Russian tortoises (Testudo horsfieldii Gray) were infectious for the same tortoise but not for Reeve's turtles (Mauremys reevesii [Gray]), common garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis [Linnaeus]), zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata [Vieillot]) and SCID mice (Mus musculus Linnaeus)., a2_The prepatent period was 11 and 6 days post infection (DPI) for Cryptosporidium tortoise genotype I and C. ducismarci, respectively; the patent period was longer than 200 days for both cryptosporidia. Naturally or experimentally infected tortoises showed no clinical signs of disease. Our morphological, genetic, and biological data support the establishment of Cryptosporidium tortoise genotype I as a new species, Cryptosporidium testudinis sp. n., and confirm the validity of C. ducismarci as a separate species of the genus Cryptosporidium., Jana Ježková, Michaela Horčičková, Lenka Hlásková, Bohumil Sak, Dana Květoňová, Jan Novák, Lada Hofmannová, John McEvoy, Martin Kváč., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
965. CT imaging and spontaneous behavior analysis after osmotic blood-brain barrier opening in wistar rat
- Creator:
- Petr Kozler, Vladimír Riljak, Kateřina Jandová, and Pokorný, J.
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, hematoencefalická bariéra, počítačová tomografie, blood-brain barrier, computed tomography, brain edema, osmotic BBB disruption, CT, open field test, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- In our previous experiments we demonstrated that osmotic opening of the blood brain barrier (BBB) in rats by administration of mannitol into the internal carotid artery leads to cerebral edema. The aim of this study was to confirm objectively the development of brain edema and determine whether it affects spontaneous locomotor activity in rats (SLA). Brain edema was verified by computer tomography (CT) examination of the brain and SLA was observed during open field test. Twenty four adult male rats were divided into four groups of six: (1) control animals (C), (2) controls with anesthesia (CA), (3) controls with sham surgery (CS), (4) experimental - osmotic opening of the BBB (MA). Osmotic BBB disruption manifested by reducing the density of brain tissue (hypodensity), suggesting a higher water content in the brain tissue. SLA was compared between C, CA, CS and MA groups and between MA and CA groups. Significant difference was found only between the control group and MA group. In the first 30 min of the examination, rats after the mannitol administration revealed a marked limitation of spontaneous locomotor activity. Experimental results demonstrated reduction of spontaneous locomotor activity in rats with induced brain edema., P. Kozler, V. Riljak, K. Jandová, J. Pokorný., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
966. Čtvrtá generace folátů a perikoncepční péče
- Creator:
- Fait, Tomáš
- Format:
- print, text, and regular print
- Type:
- model:article, article, Text, and TEXT
- Subject:
- kyselina listová--metabolismus--terapeutické užití, vitaminy--terapeutické užití, fyziologie výživy v těhotenství, prenatální péče--metody, homocystein--metabolismus, incidence, defekty neurální trubice--prevence a kontrola, směrnice pro lékařskou praxi jako téma, methylentetrahydrofolátreduktasa (NADPH2)--genetika, ženské pohlaví, lidé, and těhotenství
- Language:
- Czech and English
- Description:
- Trend odkládání reprodukce vede k vyššímu procentu plánovaných početí. To umožňuje prekoncepční intervenci. Nejlépe dokumentován je význam podávání folátů, které snižují výskyt defektů neurální trubice, vrozených srdečních vad, vrozených vad uropoetického traktu, plodů s nižší porodní váhou, patologií placenty a spontánních potratů. Suplementaci foláty minimálně měsíc před otěhotněním a v 1. trimestru doporučuje 17 německých odborných společností. Metylfolát [(6S)-5methyltetrahydrofolát] je biologicky aktivní folát, který není závislý na aktivitě MTHFR. K dosud jediné dostupné kalciové soli (označované jako 3. generace folátu) nově přibývá glukosaminová sůl metylfolátu (4. generace folátu), charakterizovaná vyšší stabilitou, rozpustností a biologickou dostupností., The tendency of reproduction delay leads to a higher rate of planned conception. This allows preconception intervention. The importance of folate administration is well documented. Folates reduce the incidence of neural tube defects, congenital heart defects, congenital anomalies of urinary tract, foetuses with lower birth weight, placental pathology and spontaneous abortion. Seventeen German professional societies recommend folate supplementation for at least one month before pregnancy and in the first trimester. Methylfolate [(6S) -5methyltetrahydrofolic acid] is the biologically active folate which is not dependent on the activity of MTHFR. Recently, glucosamine salt of methylfolate (folate of 4th generation) has been introduced and is characterized by greater stability, solubility and bioavalability in comparison to known calcium salts (folate of 3rd generation)., and Tomáš Fait
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
967. Čtvrté skupenství hmoty, thallium a síla mysli. Sir William Crookes v kontextu viktoriánské vědy a ohlas jeho díla v českých zemích
- Creator:
- Pecháček, Pavel and Průša, Petr
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Crookes, William, 1832-1919, fyzika, chemie, physics, chemistry, 6, and 53
- Language:
- Czech and English
- Description:
- "Člověk jako badatel nehraje se Satanem o svou duši, ale s přirodou o poznání a moc." William Crookes. Sir William Crookes (1832-1919) byl jedním z nejvýznamějších britských fyziků a chemiků druhé poloviny devatenáctého a začátku dvacátého století. Tento text se zabývá jeho životem a vědeckým odkazem, kterým je například objev thallia, zkoumání čtvrtého stavu hmoty, podíl na objevování řady vzácných plynů, vynález prvního radiometru a také spinthariskopu, jednoho z prvních detektorů ionizujícího záření. Některé Crookesovy myšlenky si ještě za jeho života našly cestu také k českému čtenáři a právě tyto texty jsou hlavním tématem našeho článku., Sir William Crooker (1832-1919) was one of the most notable British physicists and chemists active in the second half of the 19th century. The subject of this article is his life and scientific legacy, e.g. the discovery of thallium, exploration of the fourth state of matter, participation in discovering certain rare gases, or invention of the first radiometer and spinthariscope. Some ot his ideas vere presented to the Czech audience during the course of his life and it is these texts which are "the golden thread" of this article., Pavel Pecháček, Petr Průša., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
968. Current induced seismicity in the Paskov Mine field (Ostrava region)
- Creator:
- Holub, Karel, Rušajová, Jana, and Josef Holečko
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Geologie. Meteorologie. Klimatologie, doly, seizmicita, mines, seismicity, ostravsko-karvinská pánev (Česko), Ostrava-Karviná coal basin (Czechia), Ostrava-Karviná coal mines, seismic network, induced seismicity, location plot, 7, and 551
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The aim of this paper is to present the results of an investigation of induced seismic events which occurred during mining in the coalfields of Plants Paskov and Staříč of the Paskov Mine which belong to the southern part of the Ostrava-Karviná coal mines. Some results obtained in the time period January 1992 - December 2002 have already been published, and therefore, are mentioned here only briefly. The paper is based on new results of seismological observations at the OKC, KLOK, STEB seismic stations operated by the Institute of Geonics AS CR and stations of the Green Gas DPB, a.s., Paskov. A total of 26 seismic events were monitored from January 2008 to February 2012, most of them were localized into the area under study. As for the energy span of individual events according to the energetic classification of the Geophysical Centre of the Green Gas DPB, a.s., Paskov, all seismic events in Table 1 were estimated within the limits E(J) <5.0 ×102 ÷ 2.0 × 104>., Karel Holub, Jana Rušajová and Josef Holečko., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
969. CVD diamant a nanodiamant
- Creator:
- Vaněček, Milan
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- fyzika, diamanty, physics, diamonds, 6, and 53
- Language:
- Czech and English
- Description:
- Milan Vaněček.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
970. Cybersecurity of small and medium enterprises in the era of internet of things
- Creator:
- Kasl, František
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- internet věcí, Internet of things, cybersecurity, small and medium enterprises, 16, and 34
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The issues related to cybersecurity are being amplified by the growing role of the Internet of Things devices in current digital economy. The focus of this contribution is to examine the challenges of IoT environment for the corporate cybersecurity from the legal perspective with regards to the specific role of small and medium enterprises. It provides an introduction into the environment of SMEs and the transformation of their operations through new technologies, followed by highlights of the cybersecurity challenges brought by the IoT. Core part of the contribution is an analysis of the applicable legal frameworks and discussion of the broader picture with regard to this specific perspective on the regulation of corporate cybersecurity., František Kasl., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public