For more than sixty years lith ium carbonate has been used in medicine. However, during its administration different side effects including oxidative stress can occur. Selenium belongs to essential elements possessing antioxidant properties. This study aimed at evaluating if selenium co uld be used as a protective adjuvant in lithium therapy. The experiment was performed on four groups of Wistar rats: I (control), II (Li), III (Se), IV (Li + Se) treated with saline, lithium carbonate (2.7 mg Li/kg b.w.), sodium selenite (0.5 mg Se/kg b.w.) and lithium carbonate (2.7 mg Li/kg b.w.) + sodium selenite (0.5 mg Se/kg b.w.), respectively. All substances were administered as water solutions by stomach tube for 3 or 6 weeks. Catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GP x) as well as malonyldialdehyde (MDA) were determined in brain homogenates. Lithium slightly enhanced MDA and depressed CAT and SOD after 6 weeks as well as GPx after 3 weeks. Selenium co -administration show ed tendency to restore the disturbed parameters. Selenium alone and given with lithium significantly increased GPx vs. Li- treated group after 3 weeks. Having regarded the outcomes of this study, the research on application of selenium during lithium treatment seems to be worth continuation., M. Kiełczykowska, J. Kocot, A. Lewandowska, R. Żelazowska, I. Musik., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Red alga contains four extrinsic proteins in photosystem II (PSII), which are PsbO, PsbV, PsbU, and PsbQ′. Except for the PsbQ′, the composition is the same in cyanobacterial PSII. Reconstitution analysis of cyanobacterial PSII has shown that oxygen-evolving activity does not depend on the presence of PsbQ′. Recently, the structure of red algal PSII was elucidated. However, the role of PsbQ′ remains unknown. In this study, the function of the acceptor side of PSII was analyzed in PsbQ′-reconstituted PSII by redox titration of QA and thermoluminescence. The redox potential of QA was positively shifted when PsbQ′ was attached to the PSII. The positive shift of QA is thought to cause a decrease in the amount of triplet chlorophyll in PSII. On the basis of these results, we propose that PsbQ′ has a photoprotective function when irradiated with strong light., M. Yamada, R. Nagao, M. Iwai, Y. Arai, A. Makita, H. Ohta, T. Tomo., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
The mountain type of climate, which is typical for the Sudety Mountains, is well known for its rapid and frequent changes in pressure, temperature and humidity. The fluctuations in meteorological parameters cause fast changes of the tropospheric delay, as a correlated value, and in consequence difficulties in GPS heights determination. The tropospheric delay is a function of the meteorological parameters obtained directly from synoptic stations and models. The paper presents the procedure of tropospheric delay estimation on the European Permanent Network and International GNSS Service (EPN/IGS) stations, using meteorological observations from synoptic stations (Wrocław Airport, Śnieżka) of the Polish Meteorology Service (IMGW), stations (Cervena, Praha-Kbely) of the Czech Hydrometeorological Institute (CHMU), and sensors mounted close to the antennas of the permanent GNSS stations (BISK, SNEC, WROC, GOPE). The values obtained from Global Pressure and Temperature (GPT) model were bases for the meteorological data calibration at EPN/IGS stations. The tropospheric delay (Zenith Total Delay - ZTD) on EPN/IGS stations was obtained from Saastamoinen formula and compared with ZTD from EPN solutions., Witold Rohm and Jarosław Bosy., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
The article introduces the results achieved in the creation of feasible assemblies of NdFeB magnets assembled following an already published design of a practical arrangement of magnets derived from an ideal magnetization pattern, leading to the strongest possible stray field at a remote point. It presents a method of the implementation of these assembled sets and the relevant measured dependences of magnetic induction By = f(y) and By = f(x) including their comparison with already published dependences determined by a simulation. It further presents similar dependences of magnetic induction found in the case of a trial magnetic circuit with large blocks from NdFeB magnets, and these dependences are compared both with the mentioned computer-determined dependences and the dependences measured with the corresponding implemented assembly of magnets., Václav Žežulka and Pavel Straka., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Studie Marty Hulkové se zabývá rozšířením repertoáru hudební skladatelů na pražském dvoře císaře Rudolfa II. v historickém prostoru Horních Uher v době jeho vlády., Marta Hulková., Rubrika: Studie, and Slovenské resumé na s. 157, anglický abstrakt na s. 133.
The aim of this study was to gain more complete information about the relationships between some endogenous antioxidants and the malondialdehyde (MDA) as a marker of lipid peroxidati on, during D -galactose induced senescence. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT) and the concentrations of uric acid (UA) in plasma and MDA in erythrocyte’s hemolysate, were determined in 15 D -galactose (D-gal), treated rats and compared with 15 placebo. The activity of the erythrocyte’s CAT was found significantly increased due to the senescence. The ratio of the activities of antioxidant enzymes R =SOD/(GPx+CAT) was significantly decreased due to the sen escence and negatively correlated with the MDA ( ρ = -0.524, p=0.045). The antioxidant enzymes SOD and GPx negatively correlated with the MDA, while CAT displayed no correlation. Further, the UA positively correlated with the ratio of activities of the antioxidant enzymes R=SOD/(GPx+CAT), ( ρ =0.564, p=0.029 for senescent rats). Obtained results may contribute t o better understanding of the process of D-gal induced senescence in the erythrocytes., M. Mladenov, M. Gokik, N. Hadzi-Petrushev, I. Gjorgoski, N. Jankulovski., and Obsahuje bibliografii
a1_In a series of studies in the late 1950s and early 1960s, Jan Bures introduced cortical spreading depression to the field of behavioral neuroscience (eg. Bures 1960). This technique offered a unique way to study the role of cortex in learning and memory, and attracted the attention of many who began their graduate studies at that time, including one of us (LN, cf. Nadel 1966). An NIH postdoctoral fellowship to study with the master himself brought LN to Prague in September 1967. Thus began a relationship that included science, politics, and personal life, and has lasted over 30 years1,2. The first scientific exchange began with Jan pulling a piece of paper from his desk with a long list of possible experiments written on it -- “pick one”, he said. This led to a series of studies on interhemispheric transfer of learning under conditions of monocular input, demonstrating, amongst other things, that such transfer is not a uniform process. Depending on the kind of trials given with both hemispheres intact, and the eye which remained open to input, transfer can either be non-specific, likely involving some kind of procedural knowledge, or highly specific, likely involving knowledge about the trained discrimination itself (Nadel and Buresova, 1970). These studies anticipated LN’s future work on multiple memory systems, a research enterprise pursued in the following decades by many labs (including LN’s: e.g. Nadel and O’Keefe 1974, O’Keefe et al. 1975). In this paper we focus on several scientific issues that Jan has been thinking about for the past 25 years. In particular, we consider spatial learning, the hippocampus, and memory. To this mix we add stress, something well known to anyone living in Prague in 1968., a2_LN left Prague after the 1968 invasion and stayed in London for seven months, during which time arrangements were made for an eventual return to the Medical Research Council Cerebral Functions Research Group in 1970. Thus it was that LN happened to be down the hall when John O’Keefe and Jonathan Dostrovsky discovered place cells (O’Keefe and Dostrovsky 1971) and began the program of research leading to the cognitive map theory of hippocampal function (O’Keefe and Nadel 1978)., L. Nadel, J.D. Payne., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of insulin infusion on oxidative stress induced by acute changes in glycemia in non-stressed hereditary hypertriglyceridemic rats (hHTG) and Wistar (control) rats. Rats were treated with glucose and either insulin or normal saline infusion for 3 hours followed by 90 min of hyperglycemic (12 mmol/l) and 90 min of euglycemic (6 mmol/l) clamp. Levels of total glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and total antioxidant capacity (AOC) were determined to assess oxidative stress. In steady states of each clamp, glucose infusion rate (GIR) was calculated for evaluation of insulin sensitivity. GIR (mg.kg-1.min-1) was significantly lower in hHTG in comparison with Wistar rats; 25.46 (23.41 - 28.45) vs. 36.30 (27.49 - 50.42) on glycemia 6 mmol/l and 57.18 (50.78 - 60.63) vs. 68.00 (63.61 - 85.92) on glycemia 12 mmol/l. GSH/GSSG ratios were significantly higher in hHTG rats at basal conditions. Further results showed that, unlike in Wistar rats, insulin infusion significantly increases GSH/GSSG ratios in hHTG rats: 10.02 (9.90 - 11.42) vs. 6.01 (5.83 - 6.43) on glycemia 6 mmol/l and 7.42 (7.15 - 7.89) vs. 6.16 (5.74 - 7.05) on glycemia 12 mmol/l. Insulin infusion thus positively influences GSH/GSSG ratio and that way reduces intracellular oxidative stress in insulin-resistant animals., M. Žourek, P. Kyselová, J. Mudra, M. Krčma, Z. Jankovec, S. Lacigová, J. Víšek, Z. Rušavý., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Modal composition and grain-size characteri stics, physical and mechanical propertie s of three samples of Archean gneisses of the Kola series from the depths of 6.8 to 8.4 km of the Kola Superdeep Borehole (KSDB-3) and two collections of their surface analogues were analysed. On the basis of a comparison of the petrographic characteristics of the borehole samples and analogues, it was found that not all analogues are equivalents of corresponding core samples completely. Mechanical properties of core samples are affected by depth of the core sample position in the borehole. This work forms part of the research in the frame of the INTAS Project No.314 "Geodynamics in the cross-section of the Kola superdeep"., Jiřina Trčková, Vladimír Šrein, Martin Šťastný and Roman Živor., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy