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9212. Setrvačníky, elektrická energie a supravodivá levitace: jak se to rýmuje?

Creator:
Jirsa, Miloš
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
elektrická energie, mechanika, electric power, mechanics, 6, and 53
Language:
Czech and English
Description:
Princip setrvačníku je znám několik tisíc let. Velmi dlouho se setrvačník využívá ke stabilizaci otáček nejrůznějších točivých strojů, včetně automobilů. V poslední době objev vysokoteplotní supravodivosti umožnil konstrukci setrvačníků s levitačním závěsem, které slibují využití pro stabilizaci parametrů rozvodných elektrických sítí nebo k akumulaci elektrické energie., The principles of gyroscope have been known for thousands years. For a long time gyroscopes have been employed for stabilization of revolution speed in various rotational machines, including automobiles. Recently, the discovery of high temperature superconductivity enabled the construction of flywheels (gyroscopes with a levitation suspension) that promise a wide use in stabilization of a number of parameters of the electric energy distribution network and in electric energy accumulation., Miloš Jirsa., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

9213. Settling moths as potential pollinators of Uncaria rhynchophylla (Rubiaceae)

Creator:
Funamoto, Daichi and Sugiura, Shinji
Format:
print, počítač, and online zdroj
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, motýli, píďalkovití, můrovití, butterflies, Geometridae, Noctuidae, Lepidoptera, Crambidae, Erebidae, floral visitors, generalized pollination system, nocturnal moths, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
Nocturnal pollinators such as moths have received less attention than diurnal insects. To elucidate whether nocturnal moths are important pollinators, we observed both the diurnal and nocturnal visitors to the flowers of Uncaria rhynchophylla (Rubiaceae) in a warm-temperate forest in central Japan. The diurnal visitors included various taxonomic groups (e.g., bees, hoverflies and butterflies). The nocturnal visitors were exclusively moths (Geometridae, Erebidae, Noctuidae and Crambidae). Pollen grains of U. rhynchophylla were attached to both diurnal and nocturnal visitors. Although diurnal flower visitors carried pollen grains of other plant species, nocturnal moths did not carry heterospecific pollen grains. These results suggest that nocturnal moths, as well as diurnal insects, are important pollinators of U. rhynchophylla., Daichi Funamoto, Shinji Sugiura., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

9215. Several functions of immune cells changed in mice with oxidative stress caused by endotoxin

Creator:
Víctor, V. M. and La Fuente, M. de
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, physiology, cytotoxic activity, leukocytes, proinflammatory mediators, proliferation, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
We have studied natural killer (NK) activity, lymphoproliferative response, the release of several cytokines (IL-2, TNFa and IL-1b) and the ROS production in peritoneal leukocytes obtained 0, 2, 4, 12 and 24 h after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection. Lethal septic shock (100 % mortality occurred at 30 h after LPS administration) was caused in female BALB/c mice by intraperitoneal injection of 100 mg/kg of E. coli LPS. Cytotoxicity and lymphoproliferation assay were preformed together with the measurement of IL-1b, IL-2 and TNFa production, and quantification of ROS. Natural killer activity, spontaneous lymphoproliferative response, IL-2, TNFa, IL-b release and ROS production were increased after LPS injection. In conclusions, ROS and proinflammatory mediators produced by immune cells in response to LPS are involved in the oxidative stress of endotoxic shock. This oxidative state alters some functional characteristics of leukocytes (proliferation and NK activity)., V. M. Víctor, M. De la Fuente., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

9217. Severe water deficit-induced ethylene production decreases photosynthesis and photochemical efficiency in flag leaves of wheat

Creator:
Yang, W., Yin, Y., Jiang, W., Peng, D., Yang, D., Cui, Y., and Wang, Z.
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
fotosyntéza, ethylen, pšenice, photosynthesis, ethylene, wheat, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, chlorophyll fluorescence, net photosynthetic rate, severe water deficit, Triticum aestivum L., 2, and 581
Language:
Multiple languages
Description:
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. Jimai22 was used to evaluate the effect of ethylene evolution rate (EER) and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) and their relations with photosynthesis and photochemical efficiency in plants well-watered (WW) and under a severe water deficit (SWD). SWD caused a noticeable reduction in the grain mass. The marked increases in both EER and the ACC concentration were observed under SWD; it was reversed effectively by exogenous spermidine (Spd) or amino-ethoxyvinylglycine (AVG). Thermal images indicated that SWD increased obviously the temperature of flag leaves, mainly due to the decrease in transpiration rate under SWD. Exogenous Spd or AVG decreased to some extent the temperature of the flag leaves. The strong decline in photosynthetic rate (PN) and stomatal conductance as well as the photodamage of PSII were also observed under SWD after 14 and 21 days after anthesis (DAA). Intercellular CO2 concentration was reduced at 7 DAA, but slightly increased at 14 and 21 DAA under SWD, indicating that the decreased PN at 7 DAA might result from stomatal limitations, while the decline after 14 and 21 DAA might be attributed to nonstomatal limitations. Correlation analysis suggested that EER and ACC showed negative relations to photosynthesis and photochemical efficiency. Data obtained suggested that the effects of SWD were mediated predominantly by the increase in EER and ACC concentration, which greatly decreased the leaf photosynthesis and photochemical efficiency, and, therefore, reduced the grain mass. Application of Spd or AVG reduced the EER and ACC, and thus positively influenced photosynthesis and photochemical efficiency under SWD., W. Yang, Y. Yin, W. Jiang, D. Peng, D. Yang, Y. Cui, Z. Wang., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

9218. Severity of lethal ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat hearts subjected to ischemic preconditioning is increased under conditions of simulated hyperglycemia

Creator:
Zálešák, M., Pavol Blažíček, Dezider Pancza, Ledvényiová, V., Barteková, M., Nemčeková, M., Slávka Čarnická, Atila Ziegelhöffer, and Ravingerová, T.
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, ischemie, infarkt myokardu, ischemia, myocardial infarction, acute myocardial infarction, h-FABP, ischemia/reperfusion injury, inschemic preconditioning, simulated hyperglycemia, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
The aim of our study was to characterize resistance to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in Langendorff-perfused rat hearts and effectivity of ischemic preconditioning (PC) under condition of simulated acute hyperglycemia (SAHG) by perfusion of the hearts with Krebs-Henseleit (KH) solution with elevated glucose concentration (22 mmol/l). I/R injury was induced by 30- min coronary occlusion followed by 120-min reperfusion and PC by two cycles of 5-min occlusion/5-min reperfusion, prior to I/R. The severity of I/R injury was characterized by determination of the size of infarction (IS, expressed in % of area at risk size) and the amount of heart-type fatty acid binding protein (h-FABP, a marker of cell injury) released from the hearts to the effluent. Significantly smaller IS (8.8±1 %) and lower total amount of released h-FABP (1808±660 pmol) in PC group compared with IS 17.1±1.2 % (p<0.01) and amount of h-FABP (8803±2415 pmol, p<0.05) in the non-PC control hearts perfused with standard KH solution (glucose 11 mmol/l) confirmed protective effects of PC. In contrast, in SAHG groups, PC enhanced IS (21.4±2.2 vs. 14.3±1.3 %, p<0.05) and increased total amount of h-FABP (5541±229 vs. 3458±283 pmol, p<0.05) compared with respective non-PC controls. Results suggest that PC has negative effect on resistance of the hearts to I/R injury under conditions of elevated glucose in vitro., M. Zálešák, P. Blažíček, D. Pancza, V. Ledvényiová, M. Barteková, M. Nemčeková, S. Čarnická, A. Ziegelhöffer, T. Ravingerová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

9219. Severní Chantové: příspěvek k pastevectví sobů na Polárním Uralu

Creator:
Bahenský , František and Křížová, Markéta
Format:
print
Type:
model:internalpart and TEXT
Language:
Czech
Description:
TheKhants inhabit the area of the western Siberia in the basin of the river Ob and its tributaries, administratively belonging to the Tlumen region. In the two autonomous districts, Khanty-Mansi and Yamal-Nenets, lives the absolute majority of the Khants. The 1979 census estimated their number to 21 000. The Soviet literatuře divides the Khants to three groups; one of them being the Northern Khants - mostly reindeer herders. The oldest account of the Ob-Ugrians - the Khants and the Mansi ~ we find in the Nestor Chronicle. In the western Siberia there existed two types of transport- the dog teams were ušed by the Khants, the reindeer teams by the Samoyedic groups (for example the Nenets). The question of the time when the Northern Khants started the reindeer herding has not been resolvedyet. During the field research realized in theyears 1996, 1997 and 1999 during my stay with the Maksar family I háve studied the problems concerning the reindeers and the contemporary life in the Khanty community after the disintegration of the USSR. The everyday activity in the camp is centered around the reindeer. The camp moves periodically, depending upon the quantity of the pasture for the reindeer. The Khants can be described as „ seasonal pastoralists “ that every year leave from their point of departure, the community of Pitljar, to places chosen in advance, located in a precisely demarcated area, in summer in tundra, in winter in taiga. In summer the moving of the camp takés plače more often, approximately every fourteen days, in winter the Khants move three or four times altogether at the most. For the moving of the camp they use reindeer team and two types of sled, riding and cargo sled.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

9220. Sex differences in the response of postprandial lipemia to a change from a low-fat low-cholesterol diet to a high-fat high-cholesterol diet

Creator:
Kovář, J. and Rudolf Poledne
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, gender, fyziologie, physiology, postprandial lipemia, plasma triglycerides, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
To determine whether a short-term change in dietary habits affects postprandial lipemia in men and women in the same way, postprandial triglyceridemia was measured in age- and BMI-matched young healthy men and women after two weeks on the self-selected low-fat low-cholesterol (LF) diet and after another two weeks on the self-selected high-fat high-cholesterol (HF) diet. After a standardized challenge meal (1.4 g fat/kg of body weight), men had higher postprandial triglyceridemia than women on the HF diet but no such difference was observed on the LF diet. The results of this preliminary study suggest that there may be important sex differences in the mechanisms regulating the postprandial lipemia response to different diets, women being able to adapt better to the HF diet with respect to postprandial lipemia., J. Kovář, R. Poledne., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

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