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3332. Empirický výzkum chudoby v českých zemích ve třech historických obdobích
- Creator:
- Večerník, Jiří
- Format:
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- chudoba, sociální politika, poverty, social policy, 18, and 3
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- This article deals with empirical research on poverty in Czechoslovakia from the interwar period to the present in terms of three distinct phases. First, between 1918 and 1948, considerable attention was devoted to poverty, but research possibilities modest, so that a complex mapping of the problem was not feasible. Second, during the 1948 to 1989 period, the communist regime allowed "examinations" of poverty for the purpose of depicting pre-war capitalist Czechoslovakia as an impoverished, class-divided society. A similar approach was applied to studies of Western countries during the Cold War period. Research on poverty within the socialist regime was not allowed, even after the rehabilitation of sociology as a social science. Detailed analysis of household surveys was either forbidden or the results were embargoed; only simple cross-tabulations were ever published. Third, after 1989, the opportunities for undertaking research on poverty increased dramatically due to stimulus in both the national and international arenas. Important projects were fielded leading to many studies and published articles. Statistical surveys were used to map poverty primarily in terms of income; while sociological, ethnographic and anthropological approaches were used to examine key groups affected by poverty in Czech society. Within the literature there has been to date no synthesis of the study of the nature and origins of poverty in the Czech Republic., Jiří Večerník., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
3333. Encephalitis with prolonged but reversible splenial lesion
- Creator:
- Meleková, Alena, Andrlová, Leona, Král, Pavel, Ungermann, Leoš, and Ehler, Edvard
- Format:
- print, text, and regular print
- Type:
- model:article, article, Text, kazuistiky, časopisecké články, and TEXT
- Subject:
- dospělí, corpus callosum, encefalitida--diagnóza--etiologie--psychologie, lidé, mužské pohlaví, and časové faktory
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- INTRODUCTION: The splenium of the corpus callosum has a specific structure of blood supply with a tendency towards blood-brain barrier breakdown, intramyelinic edema, and damage due to hypoxia or toxins. Signs and symptoms of reversible syndrome of the splenium of the corpus callosum typically include disorientation, confusion, impaired consciousness, and epileptic seizures. CASE REPORT: A previously healthy 32-year-old man suffered from weakness, headache, and fever. Subsequently, he developed apathy, ataxia, and inability to walk, and therefore was admitted to the hospital. Cerebrospinal fluid showed protein elevation (0.9 g/l) and pleocytosis (232/1 ul). A brain MRI showed hyperintense lesions in the middle of the corpus callosum. The patient was treated with antibiotics, and subsequently, in combination with steroids. Two months later, the hyperintense lesions in the splenium and the basal ganglia had disappeared. Almost seven months since his hospitalization in the Department of Neurology, the patient has returned to his previous employment. He now does not exhibit any mental changes, an optic edema and urological problems have improved. In addition, he is now actively engaged in sports. CONCLUSION: We have described a case of a 32-year-old man with confusion, ataxia, and inability to stand and walk. The man developed a febrile meningeal syndrome and a hyperintense lesion of the splenium, which lasted for two months. Neurological changes, optic nerve edema, and urinary retention have resolved over the course of seven months. We think that the prolonged but transient lesion of the splenium may have been caused by encephalitis of viral origin. and A. Meleková, L. Andrlová, P. Král, L. Ungermann, E. Ehler
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
3334. ENCHIRIDION, DE CHRISTIANARVM RERVM MEMORIA ...
- Creator:
- Haimo z Halberstadtu and Frentz, Peter
- Publisher:
- Frentz, Peter
- Format:
- print and [103] ff ; 8°
- Type:
- model:monograph and TEXT
- Subject:
- století 16.
- Language:
- Latin
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
3335. ENCHIRIDION, Der kleine Catechismus für die Gemeine Pfarrherrn und Prediger ...
- Creator:
- Luther, Martin and Jezuitská tiskárna (Praha, Česko)
- Publisher:
- Tiskárna jezuitská
- Format:
- print and [4], 126 [recte 127] pp ; 12°
- Type:
- model:monograph and TEXT
- Subject:
- století 17., náboženství, and 094
- Language:
- German and Latin
- Description:
- Knihovna Akademie věd ČR Praha CZ TH 390, Klášter Rytířského řádu křižovníků s červenou hvězdou - knihovna Praha CZ X F 9, and BCBT40533
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
3336. Encyclopedia of the Medieval Chronicle I-II, ed. Graeme Dunphy
- Creator:
- Václav Žůrek
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- medievalistika, medievalistics, 8, and 930
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- [autor anotace] Václav Žůrek.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
3337. Encyklopedie knihy
- Creator:
- Dagmar Hartmanová and Petr Voit
- Format:
- Type:
- article, rozhovory, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Věda. Všeobecnosti. Základy vědy a kultury. Vědecká práce, knihověda, bibliology, 12, and 00
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Within the frame of the Week of Science and Technology, you can visit an exhibition named Encyclopaedia of the Book. Read more it in the interview with the author of the so-called book by Petr Voit. and Dagmar Hartmanová.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
3338. Endocrine disruptors of the bisphenol and paraben families and bone metabolism
- Creator:
- Jana Vítků, Lucie Kolátorová Sosvorová, Lenka Franeková, Jaroslav Blahoš, Marie Šimková, Michaela Dušková, Skodova, T, and Luboslav Stárka
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- osteoporóza, bisfenol A, osteoporosis, bisphenol A, endocrine disruptor, paraben, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- After menopause, when estrogen levels decrease, there is room for the activity of anthropogenic substances with estrogenic properties - endocrine disruptors (EDs) - that can interfere with bone remodeling and changes in calcium-phosphate metabolism. Selected unconjugated EDs of the bisphenol group - BPA, BPS, BPF, BPAF, and the paraben family - methyl-, ethyl-, propyl-, butyl-, and benzyl-parabens - were measured by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in the plasma of 24 postmenopausal women. Parameters of calcium-phosphate metabolism and bone mineral density were assessed. Osteoporosis was classified in 14 women, and 10 women were put into the control group. The impact of EDs on calcium-phosphate metabolism was evaluated by multiple linear regressions. In women with osteoporosis, concentrations of BPA ranged from the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) - 104 pg/ml and methyl paraben (MP) from LLOQ - 1120 pg/ml. The alternative bisphenols BPS, BPF and BPAF were all under the LLOQ. Except for MP, no further parabens were detected in the majority of samples. The multiple linear regression model found a positive association of BPA (β=0.07, p<0.05) on calcium (Ca) concentrations. Furthermore, MP (β=-0.232, p<0.05) was negatively associated with C-terminal telopeptide. These preliminary results suggest that these EDs may have effects on calcium-phosphate metabolism., J. Vitku, L. Kolatorova, L. Franekova, J. Blahos, M. Simkova, M. Duskova, T. Skodova, L. Starka., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
3339. Endolymph composition: paradigm or inevitability?
- Creator:
- Gagov, H, Chichova, M, and Mladenov, M
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- fyziologie člověka, human physiology, Hair cells, K+ influx, Mechanosensing, Mitochondria, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- This review is focused on the unusual composition of the endolymph of the inner ear and its function in mechanoelectrical transduction. The role of K+ and Ca2+ in excitatory influx, the very low Na+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentrations of endolymph, stereocilia structure of hair cells and some proteins involved in mechanosensory signal transduction with emphasis on auditory receptors are presented and analyzed in more details. An alternative hypothetical model of ciliary structure and endolymph with a ‘normal’ composition is discussed. It is concluded that the unique endolymph cation content is more than an energy saving mechanism that avoids disturbing circulatory vibrations to achieve a much better mechanosensory resolution. It is the only possible way to fulfil the requirements for a precise ciliary mechanoelectrical transduction in conditions where pressure events with quite diverse amplitudes and duration are transformed into adequate hair cell membrane depolarizations, which are regulated by a sensitive Ca2+-dependent feedback tuning., H. Gagov, M. Chichova, M. Mladenov., and Seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
3340. Endometrióza apendixu s projevy akutní apendicitidy – kazuistika
- Creator:
- Černá, Monika, Novák, Petr, Třeška, Vladislav, Mukenšnábl, Petr, and Hudec, Adam
- Format:
- print, text, and regular print
- Type:
- model:article, article, Text, kazuistiky, and TEXT
- Subject:
- apendicitida--diagnóza, endometrióza--diagnóza--patologie, cervikální intraepiteliální neoplazie--diagnóza--patologie, hormon uvolňující gonadotropiny--terapeutické užití, příznaky a symptomy, diferenciální diagnóza, apendektomie, estradiol--terapeutické užití, výsledek terapie, chirurgie operační, ovarium--patologie, dospělí, ženské pohlaví, lidé, and apendix--chirurgie--patologie
- Language:
- Czech and English
- Description:
- Úvod: Bolesti v pravém podbřišku jsou nejčastějším důvodem hospitalizace na chirurgických pracovištích obecně. Zároveň akutní apendicitida je nejčastěji se vyskytující náhlá příhoda břišní. Včasná indikace k apendektomii je jedinou metodou léčby, obvykle s nekomplikovaným průběhem a krátkou délkou hospitalizace. V rámci diferenciálně-diagnostické rozvahy je nutné pátrat i po dalších symptomech, zejména dlouhodobých, při akutní exacerbaci často ustupujících do pozadí. Kazuistika: Prezentujeme případ 38leté pacientky, která byla přijata pro akutní bolesti břicha v pravém podbřišku. Klinický i laboratorní nález nasvědčoval pro typicky probíhající akutní apendicitidu, byla proto indikována k apendektomii. Při operaci byl nalezen hemorhagický výpotek v pánvi, na apendixu makroskopicky netypický nález pro akutní zánět. Překvapivý byl nález ztluštění stěny terminálního ilea a zvětšení pravých adnex. Nález si vyžádal rozšíření operačního výkonu na ileocekální resekci a pravostrannou adnexektomii. Definitivní diagnózu stanovilo histologické vyšetření potvrzující endometriózu apendixu, terminálního ilea a pravého ovaria. Dlouhodobou dispenzarizací nemocné byla následně zjištěna prekanceróza, resp. mikroadenokarcinom hrdla děložního. Závěr: Stanovení diagnózy endometriózy apendixu předoperačně je prakticky nemožné. V rámci diferenciální diagnostiky lze na ni pomýšlet u fertilních žen s chronickými gynekologickými obtížemi neobjasněné etiologie. Diagnostickou, resp. léčebnou metodou volby je laparoskopie, která dovolí přehlédnutí celé peritoneální dutiny, včetně malé pánve, provedení apendektomie a eventuálně excizi podezřelých ložisek z endometriózy. Definitivní stanovení diagnózy je doménou histopatologického vyšetření. Při průkazu endometriózy apendixu nebo jakékoli jiné lokalizace je nezbytné předání pacientky do péče gynekologa., Introduction: In general, pain in the lower right abdomen is the most frequent reason for hospital surgical admissions, acute appendicitis representing the most common cause of operation for acute abdomen. Timely appendectomy remains the only treatment in the early stages of inflammation and is usually uncomplicated, requiring only a short hospital stay. A differential diagnostic analysis necessitates a search for other, particularly long-term symptoms that might be driven to the background in cases of acute exacerbation. Case report: The case report presents a 38-year-old female patient who was admitted for lower right abdominal pain. Clinical examination and a blood test both suggested typical acute uncomplicated appendicitis, and therefore the patient underwent appendectomy. Haemorrhagic peritoneal fluid and nodularity of the appendix not typical for appendicitis was found. Oedema of the terminal ileum and a right adnexal tumour were a surprising finding. A more extensive surgical procedure involving ileocaecal resection and right-side adnexectomy was finally performed with regard to the intraoperative finding. The definitive diagnosis of appendiceal endometriosis, endometrial mass in the terminal intestine and ovarian endometriosis was established by histological evaluation. Long-term follow-up revealed microadenocarcinoma of cervix uteri. Conclusion: It is generally very difficult to confirm appendiceal endometriosis before operation, and revealing primary appendiceal endometriosis is virtually impossible. It is advisable to consider endometriosis in fertile women with chronic abdominal pain of unclear aetiology and gynaecological symptoms in their personal history. The best diagnostic and therapeutic method, respectively, is laparoscopy enabling exploration of the entire peritoneal cavity including the minor pelvis, and performing appendectomy as well as excision of suspicious endometrial lesions. The definitive diagnosis is usually established by histopathological evaluation. Gynaecological assessment and follow-up is highly recommended after surgery., and M. Černá, P. Novák, V. Třeška, P. Mukenšnabl, A. Hudec
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public