Úvod: Informace o prevalenci orgánových komplikací diabetu včetně syndromu diabetické nohy v České republice je možné získat z dokumentů Ústavu zdravotnických informací a statistiky. Cíl: Posoudit vývoj vysokých amputací a drobných výkonů na noze v letech 2010–2014 v reprezentativním vzorku populace pacientů s diabetes mellitus vedených v databázi Všeobecné zdravotní pojišťovny (VZP) České republiky. Metodika: V databázi VZP jsme identifikovali všechny osoby, které měly v letech 2010–2014 záznam o diagnóze DM (E10–E16 podle MKN 10) nebo předpis jakékoliv antidiabetické terapie (ATC skupina A10). Pro analýzu byl extrahován soubor osob, které měly v daném roce předepsanou nejméně jednou látku ze skupiny A10. Následně jsme identifikovali osoby, které v letech 2010–2014 současně prodělaly chirurgický výkon na noze z důvodu diagnózy diabetické nohy. Výsledky: Absolutní počet amputačních výkonů na končetině vykazuje stacionární úroveň. Závěr: Předkládaná analýza je prvním zhodnocením vývoje výkonů na diabetické noze v ČR. Je zřetelný setrvalý stav v počtu výkonů na diabetické noze, a to jak vysokých amputací, tak drobných výkonů na noze. V kontextu s absolutním nárůstem pacientů, léčených pro diabetes mellitus, je stacionární stav známkou relativního poklesu, což je příznivé především v oblasti amputace dlouhých kostí. Klíčová slova: amputace – diabetes mellitus – syndrom diabetické nohy, Introduction: Information about the incidence of organ-affecting complications of diabetes, including the diabetic foot syndrome, can be obtained from the documents of the Institute of Health Information in the Czech Republic. Goal: Assessment of the development of high amputations and minor surgical procedures on the lower limb from 2010 to 2014 in a representative sample of the population of patients with DM kept in the General Health Insurance Company of the Czech Republic database. Methodology: We identified all individuals in the VZP database who had a record of DM diagnosis (E10 – E16 based on ICD 10) or any antidiabetic therapy prescribed (ATC group A10) in the period of 2010 – 2014. A set of patients who had an agent from A10 group prescribed at least once in the given year was extracted for analysis. In the next step we identified individuals, who in the period of 2010 – 2014 also underwent a surgical procedure on the lower limb due to diabetic foot. Results: An absolute number of lower limb amputations remains at a stationary level. Conclusion: The submitted analysis presents the first assessment of the development of surgical treatment of diabetic foot in the Czech Republic. The amount of surgical procedures on the diabetic foot remains stable, regarding both high amputations and lower limb minor surgical procedures. In the context of an absolute increase of patients treated for diabetes mellitus, the stationary state is an indication of a relative decrease, which is favourable in particular with regard to the amputation of long bones. Key words: diabetes mellitus – diabetic foot syndrome – amputation, and Pavlína Piťhová, Petr Honěk, Ladislav Dušek, Tomáš Pavlík, Milan Kvapil
Jako incidentalom se označuje náhodně zjištěná expanze nadledviny. Vzhledem k rozvoji zobrazovacích technik se s ní setkáváme stále častěji. Její prevalence je totiž více než 1 % dospělých a roste s věkem. Při vyšetření je nutno vyloučit malignitu. K tomu slouží klasicky vyšetření CT, ev. MRI. Nověji se stále více uplatňuje PET-CT, která má senzitivitu asi 97 % a specificitu 91 %. Hormonální vyšetření má vyloučit i subklinickou nadprodukci kortizolu (optimální je dexametazonový supresní test). Aldosteron je nutno vyšetřovat jen u nemocných s hypertenzí a katecholaminy u nádorů s vyšší nativní denzitou než 10 HU. Při sledování je nutnost opakovaných CT vyhrazena jen pro vybrané případy a rutinní kontrolní laboratorní vyšetření jsou také zpochybněna., Incidentaloma is an adrenal mass discovered serendipitously. Because of increasing use of imaging techniques it is a common finding, being present in more than 1 % of adults. During work-up malignancy has to be ruled out. Classically imaging using CT or MRI is used. Recently PET-CT with FDG has been used more often as its sensitivity for diagnosis of malignancy is about 97 % and specificity 91 %. Hormonal evaluation should diagnose subclinical hypercortisolism. (Dexamethasone Suppression Test is the method of choice). Aldosterone and Renin should be measured only in patients with hypertension and catecholamines in tumours with higher native density than 10 HU. During follow-up repeated CT scan are needed only in selected patients and the need of routine biochemical follow-up has been questioned as well., and Jan Čáp, Filip Gabalec
...Alexandri Ignatii Schamsky ; [promotore ... Joanne Francisco Löw], Na předním přídeští je fialové hranaté razítko Ústav pro zdravotnickou dokumentaci, Vazba je zhotovena z ozdobného škrobového papíru V roce 2001 byla kniha restaurována Kateřinou Opatovou (dezinfekce, oprava) Kniha je uložena v ochranném pouzdře, and Restaurování Desinfekce, oprava 2001 Kateřina Opatová
The presence of a broad spectrum of autoantibodies in Sjögren's syndrome (SjS) patients is the result of abnormal B-cell regulation that can be at least partially explained by abnormal BAFF/BAFFR regulation. The objective of this study was to determine both membrane and intracellular expression of BAFF/BAFFR in monocytes and B-cells in peripheral blood of 19 primary Sjögren's syndrome patients and 20 healthy controls using flow cytometry. We also measured sBAFF in serum. Compared to healthy controls, both surface and intracellular expression of BAFF was significantly increased in monocytes and B-cells of SjS patients. Also serum sBAFF level was elevated. Expression of BAFFR on B-cells of SjS patients was surprisingly decreased, but there was no clear increase or decrease within monocytes. Our results indicate that activated monocytes communicate with B-cells via BAFF and BAFFR, so that B-cells are stimulated, but BAFF is also produced to stimulate cells in autocrine way. The decrease of BAFFR expression in SjS patients suggests that there is the mechanism that attempts to take over in order to balance the high level of BAFF. and J. Krejsek, M. Koláčková, I. Lindrová, R. Slezák, C. Andrýs
The heavy impact of obesity on the development and progression of cardiovascular disease has sparked sustained efforts to uncover the mechanisms linking excess adiposity to vascular dysfunction. Impaired vasodilator reactivity has been recognized as an early hemodynamic abnormality in obese patients, but also increased vasoconstrictor tone importantly contributes to their vascular damage. In particular, upregulation of the endothelin (ET)-1 system, consistently reported in these patients, might accelerate atherosclerosis and its complication, given the pro-inflammatory and mitogenic properties of ET-1. In recent years, a number of gut hormones, in addition to their role as modulators of food intake, energy balance, glucose and lipid metabolism, and insulin secretion and action, have demonstrated favorable vascular actions. They increase the bioavailability of vasodilator mediators like nitric oxide, but they have also been shown to inhibit the ET-1 system. These features make gut hormones promising tools for targeting both the metabolic and cardiovascular complications of obesity, a view supported by recent large-scale clinical trials indicating that novel drugs for type 2 diabetes with cardiovascular potential may translate into clinically significant advantages. Therefore, there is real hope that better understanding of the properties of gut-derived substances might provide more effective therapies for the obesity-related cardiometabolic syndrome., F. Schinzari, M. Tesauro, C. Cardillo., and Seznam literatury
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common neurological diseases. This neurodegenerative autoimmune disease manifests as inflammatory and demyelinating impairment of the central nervous system (CNS). Although some studies demonstrated associations between altered steroidogenesis and pathophysiology of MS as well as the importance of steroids in the pathophysiology of MS, the knowledge concerning the steroid metabolome in female patients is limited. Hence, 51 steroids and steroid polar conjugates were measured in the serum of 12 women with MS, untreated with steroids and 6 agecorresponding female controls with the use of gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The data were processed using age adjusted ANCOVA, receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis and orthogonal projections to latent structures (OPLS). Our data show higher levels of circulating C21 steroids including steroid modulators of ionotropic type A γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA A) receptors and glutamate receptors. Furthermore, the levels of GABAergic androsterone and 5-androsten-3β,7α,17β-triol were also higher in the female MS patients. In conclusion, the data demonstrate higher levels of circulating C21 steroids and their polar conjugates and some bioactive C19 steroids in women with MS, which may influence neuronal activity and affect the balance between neuroprotection and excitotoxicity., R. Kanceva, L. Stárka, L. Kancheva, M. Hill, M. Veliková, E. Havrdová., and Obsahuje bibliografii