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22542. The cabbage moth or the sorrel moth (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)?
- Creator:
- Harvey, Jeffrey A., Hengeveld, Eke, and Malcicka, Miriama
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, motýli, můrovití, kapusta, butterflies, Noctuidae, cabbage, Lepidoptera, Mamestra brassicae, Brassica oleracea, Rumex acetosa, development, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- When insect herbivores develop over many generations on the same plant species, their descendants may evolve physiological adaptations that enable them to develop more successfully on that plant species than naïve conspecifics. Here, we compared development of wild and lab-reared caterpillars of the cabbage moth, Mamestra brassicae, on a cultivar of cabbage Brassica oleracea (cv. Cyrus) and on a wild plant species, sorrel, Rumex acetosa, on which the wild strain had been collected and reared for two earlier consecutive generations. The lab strain had been reared on the same cabbage cultivar for more than 20 years representing > 200 generations. Survival to adult did not vary with strain or plant species. Both strains, however, developed significantly faster when reared on R. acetosa than B. oleracea. Pupae from the field strain were larger when reared on B. oleracea than on R. acetosa, whereas the identity of the plant species did not matter for the lab strain. Our results show that long-term rearing history on cabbage had little or no effect on M. brassicae performance, suggesting that some generalist herbivores can readily exploit novel plants that may be chemically very different from those on which they have long been intimately associated., Jeffrey A. Harvey, Eke Hengeveld, Miriama Malcicka., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
22543. The cardiovascular effects of central hydrogen sulfide are related to K(APT) channels activation
- Creator:
- Liu, W.-Q., Chai, C., Li, X.-Y., Yuan, W.-J., Wang, W.-Z., and Lu, Y.
- Format:
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, sulfan, krevní tlak, srdeční rytmus, hydrogen sulphide, blood pressure, heart rate, rat, hydrogen sulfide, central, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), an endogenous “gasotransmitter”, exists in the central nervous system. However, the central cardiovascular effects of endogenous H2S are not fully determined. The present study was designed to investigate the central cardiovascular effects and its possible mechanism in anesthetized rats. Intracerebrovent ricular (icv) injection of NaHS (0.17~17 μ g) produced a significant and dose-dependent decrease in blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) (P<0.05) compared to control. The higher dose of NaHS (17 μ g, n=6) decreased BP and HR quickly of rats and 2 of them died of respiratory paralyse. Icv injection of the cystathionine beta-synthetase (CBS) activator s-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM, 26 μ g) also produced a significant hypotension and bradycardia, which were similar to the results of icv injection of NaHS. Furthermore, the hypotension and bradycardia induced by icv NaHS were effectively attenuated by pretreatment with the KATP channel blocker glibenclamide but not with the CBS inhibitor hydroxylamine. The present study suggests that icv injection of NaHS produces hypotension and bradycardia, which is dependent on the KATP channel activation., W.-Q. Liu ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
22544. The cardiovascular response to lower body negative pressure in humans depends on seal location
- Creator:
- Goswami, Nandu, Grasser, E., Roessler, A., Schneditz, D., and Helmut Hinghofer-Szalkay
- Format:
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, vnitřní orgány, abdom, physiology, internal organs, abdominal compression, central blood volume, orthostasis, splanchnic blood flow, thoracic electrical impedance, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- We tested whether seal location at iliac crest (IC) or upper abdomen (UA), before and during lower body negative pressure (LBNP), would affect thoracic electrical impedance, hepatic blood flow, and central cardiovascular responses to LBNP. After 30 min of supine rest, LBNP at -40 mmHg was applied for 15 min, either at IC or UA, in 14 healthy males. Plasma density and indocyanine green concentrations assessed plasma volume changes and hepatic perfusion. With both sealing types, LBNP-induced effects remained unchanged for mean arterial pressure (-3.0±1.1 mm Hg), cardiac output (-1.0 l min-1), and plasma volume (-11 %). Heart rate was greater during UA (80.6±3.3 bpm) than IC (76.0±2.5 bpm) (p<0.01) and thoracic impedance increased more using UA (3.2±0.2 Ω) than IC (1.8±0.2 Ω) (p<0.0001). Furthermore, during supine rest, UA was accompanied by lower thoracic impedance (26.9±1.1 vs 29.0±0.8 Ω , p<0.001) and hepatic perfusion (1.6 vs 1.8 l.min-1, p<0.05) compared to IC. The data suggest that the reduction in central blood volume in response to LBNP depends on location of the applied seal. The sealing in itself altered blood volume distribution and hepatic perfusion in supine resting humans. Finally, application of LBNP with the seal at the upper abdomen induced a markedly larger reduction in central blood volume and greater increases in heart rate than when the seal was located at the iliac crest., N. Goswami ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
22545. The Cauchy problem for the liquid crystals system in the critical Besov space with negative index
- Creator:
- Ming, Sen, Yang, Han, Chen, Zili, and Yong, Ls
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- matematika, mathematics, systém kapalných krystalů, záporný index, liquid crystals system, critical Besov space, negative index, well-posedness, blow-up, 13, and 51
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The local well-posedness for the Cauchy problem of the liquid crystals system in the critical Besov space is established by using the heat semigroup theory and the Littlewood-Paley theory. The global well-posedness for the system is obtained with small initial datum by using the fixed point theorem. The blow-up results for strong solutions to the system are also analysed., Sen Ming, Han Yang, Zili Chen, Ls Yong., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
22546. The causes of mining induced ground steps occurence: case study from Upper Silesia in Poland
- Creator:
- Strzałkowski, Piotr and Ścigałan, Roman
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Geologie. Meteorologie. Klimatologie, hornictví, mining, hornoslezská pánev (Česko a Polsko), post-mining discontinuous deformations, ground steps, predictions of post-mining deformations, 7, and 551
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The case study of a ground steps creation due to underground mining in Upper Silesia Basin, where for many years was conducted intensive hard coal extraction has been presented in this paper. This type of linear discontinuous deformations is considered as an important threat to the surface building constructions and elements of underground technical infrastructure. This threat is even more important, that presently still we do not have methods for predictions of such phenomena, and protection of building constructions against such damages is difficult, if not impossible. On the basis of the analyzes results shown in the paper, the following factors were pointed, that favor the formation of mining-induced ground steps: the presence of fault outcrops in the vicinity of extraction fields, multiple extraction in several coal seams led to the same border and large values of tensile horizontal strain., Piotr Strzałkowski and Roman Ścigała., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
22547. The central heights of stability groups of series in vector spaces
- Creator:
- Wehrfritz, Bertram A. F
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- matematika, lineární variety, mathematics, linear manifolds, central height, linear group, stability group, 13, and 51
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- We compute the central heights of the full stability groups S of ascending series and of descending series of subspaces in vector spaces over fields and division rings. The aim is to develop at least partial right analogues of results on left Engel elements and related nilpotent radicals in such S proved recently by Casolo & Puglisi, by Traustason and by the current author. Perhaps surprisingly, while there is an absolute bound on these central heights for descending series, for ascending series the central height can be any ordinal number., Bertram A. F. Wehrfritz., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
22548. The Chernobyl accident, the male to female ratio at birth and birth rates
- Creator:
- Grech, Victor
- Format:
- print, text, and regular print
- Type:
- model:article, article, Text, časopisecké články, and TEXT
- Subject:
- porodnost, černobylská havárie, ženské pohlaví, lidé, novorozenec, mužské pohlaví, poměr pohlaví, and epidemiologie
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- INTRODUCTION: The male:female ratio at birth (male births divided by total live births - M/T) has been shown to increase in response to ionizing radiation due to gender-biased fetal loss, with excess female loss. M/T rose sharply in 1987 in central-eastern European countries following the Chernobyl accident in 1986. This study analyses M/T and births for the former Soviet Republics and for the countries most contaminated by the event. METHODS: Annual birth data was obtained from the World Health Organisation. The countries with the highest exposure levels (by 137Cs) were identified from an official publication of the International Atomic Energy Agency. All of the former Soviet states were also analysed and the periods before and after 1986 were compared. RESULTS: Except for the Baltic States, all regions in the former USSR showed a significant rise in M/T from 1986. There were significant rises in M/T in the three most exposed (Belarus, Ukraine and the Russian Federation). The birth deficit in the post-Soviet states for the ten years following Chernobyl was estimated at 2,072,666, of which 1,087,924 are accounted by Belarus and Ukraine alone. DISCUSSION: Chernobyl has resulted in the loss of millions of births, a process that has involved female even more than male fetuses. This is another and oft neglected consequence of widespread population radiation contamination. and V. Grech
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
22549. The Chernobyl accident, the male to female ratio at birth and birth rates
- Creator:
- Scherb, Hagen, Kusmierz, Ralf, and Voigt, Kristina
- Format:
- print, text, and regular print
- Type:
- model:article, article, Text, komentáře, and TEXT
- Subject:
- porodnost, černobylská havárie, ženské pohlaví, lidé, mužské pohlaví, and poměr pohlaví
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- H. Scherb, R. Kusmierz, K. Voigt
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
22550. The chiggers (Acari: Trombiculidae) on wild birds in Honduras
- Creator:
- Stanislav Kalúz, Ivan Literák, and Kolenčík, Stanislav
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- roztoči, mites, Blankaartia, Eutrombicula, Neoschoengastia, Parasecia, Prostigmata, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The chiggers (Acari: Trombiculidae) Blankaartia sinnamaryi (Floch et Fauran, 1956), Parasecia soucouyanti (Brennan et Yunker, 1966), Eutrombicula lipovskyana (Wolfenbarger, 1952) and Neoschoengastia dalmati Brennan, 1951 were found in Honduras on a total of twelve bird species. Parasecia soucouyanti was recorded parasitising birds for the first time. All these mites are here reported from Honduras for the first time., Stanislav Kalúz, Ivan Literák, Stanislav Kolenčík., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public