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8102. Hyperandrogenic states in pregnancy
- Creator:
- Nataša Kaňová and Marie Bičíková
- Format:
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, hirsutismus, hirsutism, hyperandrogenemia, virilism, luteoma, cyst, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Hyperandrogenic states in pregnancy are almost always the result of a condition that arises during pregnancy. The onset of virilization symptoms is often very fast. The mother is protected against hyperandrogenism by a high level of SHBG, by placental aromatase and a high level of progesterone. The fetus is protected from the mother’s hyperandrogenism partly by the placental aromatase, that transforms the androgens into estrogens, and partly by SHGB. Nevertheless there is a significant ri sk of virilization of the female fetus if the mother’s hyperandrogenic state is serious. The most frequent cause of hyperandrogenic states during pregnancy are pregnancy luteoma and hyperreactio luteinalis. Hormonal production is evident in a third of all luteomas, which corresponds to virilization in 25-35 % of mothers with luteoma. The female fetus is afflicted with virilization with two thirds of virilized mothers. Hyperreactio luteinalis is created in connection with a high level of hCG, e.g. during multi-fetus pregnancies. This condition most frequently arises in the third trimester, virilization of the mother occurs in a third of cases. Virilization of the fetus has not yet been described. The most serious cause of hyperandrogenism is represented by ovarian tumors, which are fortunately rare., N. Kaňová, M. Bičíková., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
8103. Hyperbilirubinemia decreases physiological markers in adjuvant-induced arthritis
- Creator:
- Bauerova, K., Drafi, F., Kuncirova, V., Ponist, S., Danica Mihalová, Pavel Babál, and Sykora, T.
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, bilirubin, artritida, arthritis, immunomodulation, inflammation markers, blood elements, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- There is evidence that a higher serum level of bilirubin (BIL) may be a protective factor for autoimmune diseases. We examined the effect of BIL supplementation in adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) where oxidative stress, inflammation and inadequate immune response are present. Male Lewis rats were randomized into groups: CO - control, AIA - untreated adjuvant-induced arthritis, AIA-BIL - adjuvant-induced arthritis administrated BIL (200 mg/kg b.w. daily i.p. during 14 days). Change of hind paw volume in the AIA-BIL group in comparison to the AIA group was significantly decreased after BIL administration. In CO and AIA groups we found almost untraceable levels of BIL. In the AIA-BIL group hyperbilirubinemia was observed. BIL administration significantly decreased plasma levels of C-reactive protein and ceruloplasmin in the AIA-BIL group in comparison to the AIA group. The values of white and red blood cells, hemoglobin and hematocrit were significantly decreased in AIA-BIL after BIL supplementation. Organs like spleen and thymus had a lower weight in AIA-BIL than in AIA. Histological findings showed decreased or even absent damage in hind paw joint of AIA-BIL animals. We observed an immunomodulatory effect of BIL on AIA development, which may also have a novel pharmacological impact., K. Bauerova, F. Drafi, V. Kuncirova, S. Ponist, D. Mihalova, P. Babal, T. Sykora., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
8104. Hypercalcemia. Pathophysiological aspects
- Creator:
- Ivana Žofková
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, hyperkalcémie, hypercalcemia, primary hyperparathyroidism, malignancies, granulomatous diseases, familiar hypocalciuric hypercalcemia, MEN1, MEN2, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The metabolic pathways that contribute to maintain serum calcium concentration in narrow physiological range include the bone remodeling process, intestinal absorption and renal tubule resorption. Dysbalance in t hese regulations may lead to hyper - or hypocalcemia. Hypercalcemia is a potentionally life -threatening and relatively common clinical problem, which is mostly associated with hyperparathyroidism and/or malignant diseases (90 %). Scarce causes of hypercalce mia involve renal failure, kidney transplantation, endocrinopathies, granulomatous diseases, and the long -term treatment with some pharmaceuticals (vitamin D, retinoic acid, lithium). Genetic causes of hypercalcemia involve familial hypocalciuric hypercalc emia associated with an inactivation mutation in the calcium sensing receptor gene and/or a mutation in the CYP24A1 gene. Furthermore, hypercalcemia accompanying primary hyperparathyroidism, which develops as part of multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN1 and MEN2), is also genetically determined. In this review mechanisms of hypercalcemia are discussed. The objective of this article is a review of hypercalcemia obtained from a Medline bibliographic search., I. Žofková., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
8105. Hypercapnia attenuates the hypoxia-induced blunting of the reactivity in chronically hypoxic rats
- Creator:
- Žalouddíková, M., Jan Herget, and Martin Vízek
- Format:
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, hypoxie, hypoxia, isolated pulmonary arteries, hypercapnia, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- M. Žaloudíková, J. Herget, M. Vízek. and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
8106. Hypercapnia Does Not Affect Functional Residual Capacity Enlargement Induced by Chronic Hypoxia
- Creator:
- Hana Maxová and Martin Vízek
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, studie, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie člověka, human physiology, Functional residual capacity, Chronic hypoxia and hypercapnia, Chronic hypoxia, Rat, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- To determine whether changes in partial pressure of CO2 participate in mechanism enlarging the lung functional residual capacity (FRC) during chronic hypoxia, we measured FRC and ventilation in rats exposed either to poikilocapnic (group H, FIO2 0.1, FICO2 <0.01) or hypercapnic (group H+CO2, FIO2 0.1, FICO2 0.04-0.05) hypoxia for the three weeks and in the controls (group C) breathing air. At the end of exposure a body plethysmograph was used to measure ventilatory parameters (V´E, fR, VT) and FRC during air breathing and acute hypoxia (10 % O2 in N2). The exposure to hypoxia for three weeks increased FRC measured during air breathing in both experimental groups (H: 3.0±0.1 ml, H+CO2: 3.1±0.2 ml, C: 1.8±0.2 ml). During the following acute hypoxia, we observed a significant increase of FRC in the controls (3.2±0.2 ml) and in both experimental groups (H: 3.5±0.2 ml, H+CO2: 3.6±0.2 ml). Because chronic hypoxia combined with chronic hypercapnia and chronic poikilocapnic hypoxia induced the same increase of FRC, we conclude that hypercapnia did not participate in the FRC enlargement during chronic hypoxia., H. Maxová, M. Vízek., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
8107. Hyperglycemia inhibits recovery from disuse-induced skeletal muscle atrophy in rats
- Creator:
- Kataoka, H., Nakano, J., Morimoto, Y., Honda, Y., Sakamoto, J., Origuchi, T., Okita, M., and Yoshimura, T.
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, hyperglykémie, hyperglycemia, disuse-induced muscle atrophy, recovery, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of hyperglycemia on skeletal muscle recovery following disuseinduced muscle atrophy in rats. Wistar rats were grouped as streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and non-diabetic rats. Both ankle joints of each rat were immobilized to induce atrophy of the gastrocnemius muscles. After two weeks of immobilization and an additional two weeks of recovery, tail blood and gastrocnemius muscles were isolated. Serial cross sections of muscles were stained for myosin ATPase (pH 4.5) and alkaline phosphatase activity. Serum insulin and muscle insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels were also measured. Serum insulin levels were significantly reduced in the diabetic rats compared to the non-diabetic controls. The diameters of type I, IIa, and IIb myofibers and capillary-to-myofiber ratio in the isolated muscle tissue were decreased after immobilization in both treatments. During the recovery period, these parameters were restored in the non-diabetic rats, but not in the diabetic rats. In addition, muscle IGF-1 levels after recovery increased significantly in the non-diabetic rats, but not in the diabetic rats. We conclude that decreased levels of insulin and IGF-1 and impairment of angiogenesis associated with diabetes might be partly responsible for the inhibition of regrowth in diabetic muscle., H. Kataoka, J. Nakano, Y. Morimoto, Y. Honda, J. Sakamoto, T. Origuchi, M. Okita, T. Yoshimura., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
8108. Hyperinflation: control of functional residual lung capacity
- Creator:
- František Paleček
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, physiology, functional residual activity, hyperinflation, control of breathing, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Hyperinflation is the consequence of a dysbalance of static forces (determining the relaxation volume) and/or of the dynamic components. The relaxation volume is determined by an equilibrium between the elastic recoil of the lungs and of the chest walls. The dynamic components include the pattern of breathing, upper airway resistance and postinspiratory activity of inspiratory muscles. The respiratory and laryngeal muscles are under control and thus both static and dynamic hyperinflation can be secured. Our knowledge of the mechanism of increased FRC is based on clinical observations and on experiments. The most frequent stimuli leading to a dynamic increase of functional residual lung capacity (FRC) include hypoxia and vagus afferentation. Regulation of FRC is still and undetermined concept. The controlled increase of FRC, hyperinflation, participates in a number of lung diseases., F. Paleček., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
8109. Hyperinsulinemia and Oxidative Stress
- Creator:
- Pavlína Kyselová, Michal Žourek, Zdeněk Rušavý, Ladislav Trefil, and Jaroslav Racek
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, studie, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie člověka, human physiology, Oxidative stress, Hyperglycemia, Hyperinsulinemia, Rat, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The aim of the study was to compare the effect of short-term hyperglycemia and short-term hyperinsulinemia on parameters of oxidative stress in Wistar rats. Twenty male rats (aged 3 months, average body weight 325 g) were tested by hyperinsulinemic clamp (100 IU/l) at two different glycemia levels (6 and 12 mmol/l). Further 20 rats were used as a control group infused with normal saline (instead of insulin) and 30 % glucose simultaneously. Measured parameters of oxidative stress were malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH) and total antioxidant capacity (AOC). AOC remained unchanged during hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia. Malondialdehyde (as a marker of lipid peroxidation) decreased significantly (p<0.05) during the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp, and increased significantly during isolated hyperglycemia without hyperinsulinemia. Reduced glutathione decreased significantly (p<0.05) during hyperglycemia without hyperinsulinemia. These results suggest that the short-term exogenous hyperinsulinemia reduced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during hyperglycemia in an animal model compared with the control group., P. Kyselová, M. Žourek, Z. Rušavý, L. Trefil, J. Racek., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
8110. Hyperleptinemia as a prognostic factor for preeclampsia: a cohort study
- Creator:
- Mendieta Zerón, Hugo, García Solorio, Verónica Jackeline, Nava Díaz, Pamela Montserrat, Garduño Alanís, Adriana, Santillán Benítez, Jonnathan Guadalupe, Domínguez García, Victoria, Escobar Briones, Carolina, and Denova Gutiérrez, Edgar
- Format:
- print, text, and regular print
- Type:
- model:article, article, Text, časopisecké články, práce podpořená grantem, and TEXT
- Subject:
- dospělí, index tělesné hmotnosti, gestační diabetes--krev, ženské pohlaví, lidé, leptin--krev, obezita--komplikace, nadváha--krev, preeklampsie--krev--etiologie, těhotenství, komplikace těhotenství--krev, prognóza, rizikové faktory, and senzitivita a specificita
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- INTRODUCTION: Leptin is an adipokine which has a direct relationship to obesity. Our aim was to measure this hormone in pregnant women at three months intervals throughout their pregnancies to determine the serum value of those who developed preeclampsia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We followed 19 women (median age 24.8 +/- 5.7 years) with pre-gestational Body Mass Index (BMI) less than 25 kg/m2, 21 (median age 26.1 +/- 4.6 years) with BMI higher than 25 kg/m2 and 16 (median age 30.9 +/- 5.8 years) with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) (median age 30.9 +/- 5.8 years), recruited in the 1st trimester of pregnancy. Serum levels of leptin were measured with radioimmunoassay (RIA) technique. RESULTS: In the first trimester of pregnancy leptin levels showed statistically significant differences between normal weight and overweight-obese women (p < 0.001), diabetic women (p < 0.05) and the subgroup of preeclamptic women (p < 0.001). For those women with PGBMI > or = 40 kg/m2 and leptin > or = 40 ng/ml in the second trimester, the Odds Ratio (OR) to develop preeclampsia was of 47.95% CI (4.1-527.2). Analyzing leptin values with ROC curves, the greatest area under the curve (AUC) was for leptin in the second trimester (0.773, CI: 0.634-0.911). CONCLUSION: Women with morbid obesity (BMI > or = 40 kg/m2) had significantly higher levels of serum leptin (p < 0.01) and a value of 40 ng/ml of this hormone seems to be predictive of developing preeclampsia in this group of patients. and H. Mendieta Zerón, VJ. García Solorio, PM. Nava Díaz, A. Garduño Alanís, JG. Santillán Benítez, V. Domínguez García, C. Escobar Briones, E. Denova Gutiérrez
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public