The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal problems among Czech dentists and to analyze the factors that affect these disorders. Information was gathered through questionnaire completed by 581 physicians. The questionnaire ascertained general information about physicians including their work habits and the characteristics of their work environment along with the occurrence of musculoskeletal problems as well as their intensity. In the past year the occurrence of at least mild difficulties associated with the locomotive system was reported by 96.9% of dentists surveyed (n = 557), with 66.3% of respondents (n = 381) reporting difficulties ofa moderate or major nature. Most respondents of both sexes indicated neck pain. A statistically significant correlation with the occurrence of musculoskeletal complaints of medium and major intensity was demonstrated for the following factors: sex, age, running a private practice, past injury or musculoskeletal diseases, and the perception of work as psychologically demanding. Musculoskeletal disorders in dentists in Czech Republic are relatively frequent and serious health problem. The causes of these diseases must be identified and appropriate preventive interventions undertaken that will contribute to a reduction in the incidence of these problems. and Z. Sustová, L. Hodacová, M. Kapitán
Cíl studie: Cílem studie bylo zjištění vztahů mezi manifestací tinnitu, nálezem na sluchových evokovaných potenciálech a genetickým pozadím u receptoru pro gamaaminomáselnou kyselinu typu A (GABA(A) receptor), podporující desinhibiční hypotézu vzniku tinnitu. Soubor a metodika: Bylo vyšetřeno 131 pacientů z hlediska sluchové ztráty, provedena kvantifikace tinnitu, sluchové evokované potenciály střední latence (MLR) a kmenové sluchové evokované potenciály (BAEP) a dále stanovení genotypu (CA)n repetitivní sekvence pro beta‑3 podjednotku GABA(A) receptoru. Následně byly hledány vztahy mezi jednotlivými výsledky a manifestací tinnitu. Výsledky: Byla nalezena korelace tinnitus skóre s amplitudovým poměrem vln V/III v BAEP (R = 0,22, p < 0,001) a s průměrným sluchovým prahem (R = 0,22, p = 0,17). Rovněž byla nalezena korelace tinnitus skóre s amplitudou vlny PA v MLR (R = 0,31–0,37; p < 0,001). Výsledky MLR neukázaly žádný vztah k průměrnému sluchovému prahu. U skupiny s kratší anamnézou tinnitu (méně než devět měsíců) byl prokázán rozdíl v manifestaci tinnitu na genotypu pro (CA)n repetitivní sekvenci genu pro beta‑3 podjednotku GABA(A) receptoru (p = 0,002). Tento výsledek byl rovněž konzistentní s rozložením amplitudy vlny PA v dané subpopulaci. Závěr: Tyto výsledky svědčí o existenci dvou hlavních regulačních mechanizmů vzniku tinnitu: první, který je závislý na velikosti sluchové ztráty, je na úrovni mozkového kmene, zatímco druhý je na úrovni korové s možnou souvislostí s genotypem (CA)n repetitivní sekvence pro beta‑3 podjednotku GABA(A) receptoru., Study aim:Study objective was to explore associations between manifestation of tinnitus, auditory evoked potentials and genetic background of gamma‑aminobutyric acid type A (GABA(A) receptors) to support the disinhibited feedback hypothesis of tinnitus generation. Materials and methods: A population of 131 patients was assessed for severity of hearing loss, quantification of tinnitus, mid‑latency responses (MLR) and brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP), and (CA)n tandem repeat polymorphism in GABA(A) Beta‑3 subunit gene to establish any correlation with manifestation of tinnitus. Results: It was observed that tinnitus score correlates with V/III amplitude ratio in BAEP (R = 0.22, p < 0.001) and with mean pure tone audiometry (PTA) threshold (R = 0.22, p = 0.017). Analysis of the MLR results showed a significant correlation between the PA wave amplitude and the tinnitus score (R = 0.31–0.37; p < 0.001). MLR result analysis showed no statistically significant correlation between the wave amplitudes and the mean auditory threshold. An analysis of a subgroup with shorter clinical history (less than nine months) revealed a statistically significant difference in the tinnitus score in relation to the genotype of (CA)n tandem repeat of the GABRß3 receptor subunit gene (p = 0.002). This result was also consistent with the distribution of the PA wave amplitude in the given subpopulation. Conclusion: Our findings indicate existence of two main regulatory mechanisms of tinnitus generation: first, the brainstem mechanism is dependent on the severity of the hearing loss; second, the cortical mechanism is likely to be dependent on the genotype of (CA)n tandem repeat in GABA(A) beta‑3 subunit gene., and J. Rottenberg, M. Zallmann, R. Kostrica, M. Jurajda, T. Talach
BACKGROUND: The presence of several risk factors (genetic and non-genetic) has greater impact on the risk of premature coronary artery disease (CAD) than single risk factor. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to establish possible relations between genotypes and alleles of 677C>T polymorphism of MTHFR gene and some traditional risk factors e.g. elevated levels of lipid parameters and smoking in development of premature CAD. METHODS: The groups comprised 152 patients with angiographically documented premature CAD (aged 42.9 +/- 5.5) and 121 age-matched blood donors (aged 42.3 +/- 6.5) were studied. The MTHFR 677C>T polymorphism was genotyped with Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. RESULTS: Patients with TT genotype who simultaneously smoked had increased risk of premature CAD compared to non-smoking cases with CC genotype (OR = 24.62). We also found that individuals with TT genotype and elevated LDL-cholesterol (LDL-chol.) level had significantly higher risk of CAD (OR = 9.92) than individuals with normal LDL-chol. level and CC genotype. CONCLUSIONS: The present study shows that simultaneous presence of MTHFR TT genotype and smoking or elevated levels of LDL-chol. influences the risk of premature CAD. This findings give interesting contribution to gene-environment interaction problem that may have clinical implications in the future. and B. Sarecka-Hujar, I. Zak, J. Krauze
Introduction: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is an inflammatory rheumatic disease characterized by the development of osteoproductive changes in the spine which could possibly result in ankylosis. Treatment with tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) inhibitors has proved to be an important step forward in the treatment of this disease, but for the time being it is not clear whether it favourably influences radiographic progression of the disease. Vascular endothelial growth factor most probably plays a role in the development of osteoproductive changes and recently its predictive influence on radiographic progression has been demonstrated. Bone morphogenic protein 2 (BMP-2) participates in the regulation of bone proliferation and its increased serum level has been demonstrated in patients with advanced AS and correlated with the degree of radiographic changes. Aim: The study aims to evaluate the VEGF and BMP-2 levels in patients with ankylosing spondylitis and how these levels relate to the concurrent treatment with TNFα inhibitors. Methods: Sera were evaluated from patients at the Rheumatologic Clinic of the Hradec Králové Faculty Hospital who fulfilled the modified New York Criteria for AS (n = 55). In these patients, the parameters of the activity of the disease (BASDAI = Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index, CRP = C-reactive protein) and the concurrent therapy (TNFα inhibitors, n = 21, vs. non-anti TNFα, n = 34) were recorded. The levels of VEGF and BMP-2 were analyzed using the ELISA method. Results: In patients treated with TNFα inhibitors, a significantly lower VEGF level was found when compared to untreated patients (140.3 (109.4; 262.2) vs. 261 (172.4; 396.6) pg/ml; p = 0.02). No difference was found between BMP-2 levels in both groups (treated vs. untreated patients) (254.8 (2301; 267.3) vs. 261.1 (248.6; 273.5) pg/ml; p = 0.24). A correlation analysis did not reveal any relationship between VEG F and BMP-2 (r = 0.057; p = 0.68). Serum levels of VEGF correlated with serum levels of CRP (r = 0.56; p = 0.00001) and the BASDAI value (r = 0.33; p = 0.015). Conclusion: Significantly lower VEGF levels were found in patients treated with TNFα inhibitors versus the untreated patients. These findings are in harmony with some hitherto published analyses and may give evidence of a favourable effect of TNFα inhibitors on radiographic progression. Neither influence on the BMP-2 level by treatment with TNFα inhibitors nor correlation with VEGF levels was demonstrated. and M. Tošovský, P. Bradna, C. Andrýs, K. Andrýsová, E. Čermáková, T. Soukup
BACKGROUND: The current treatment of hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) consists of performing periodic whole blood phlebotomies. Erythrocytapheresis (EA) can remove up to three times more red blood cells per single procedure and could thus have a clinical benefit. A prospective study of 30 consecutive cases of HH were included in a periodic EA program. METHODS AND PATIENTS: EA were performed using a discontinuous flow cell separators. The protocol consisted of a bimonthly EA until normalization of the serum ferritin was reached. The aim was to reduce the total erythrocyte volume by 25-35%, eventually, to adjust the amount so that hematocrit would not drop below 0.25. RESULTS: 530 +/- 101 ml of erythrocytes were removed (median 517, range 116-761 ml). Iron depletion (ferritin < 20 microg/l) was achieved in all patients after a mean 6.9 +/- 7.6 months, median 5 months, range 1-36 months and a mean 14 EA sessions. The procedures were well tolerated and there were no severe side-effects. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that HH patients treated with EA achieved iron depletion quickly under good conditions of tolerance. The efficacy, speed, tolerability, and more favorable schedule of an EA program facilitate treatment of HH. and V. Rehácek, M. Bláha, H. Jirousová, J. Cernohorská, P. Papousek
Úvod: Efekt kyanoakrylátových lepidel byl opakovaně hodnocen u resekcí jater, plic a dalších orgánů, ale minimálně u resekcí ledvin. Cílem bylo zhodnocení užití kyanoakrylátového tkáňového lepidla u otevřené a laparoskopické resekce ledviny. Metoda: Byl hodnocen soubor 32 pacientů, kteří podstoupili resekci ledvin s ošetřením resekované plochy kyanoakrylátovým lepidlem. Dvacet tři pacientů prodělalo laparoskopickou resekci a 9 pacientů otevřenou. Byly hodnoceny operační výsledky, komplikace a onkologické výsledky. Výsledky: Medián doby sledování byl 46 měsíců. Průměrná doba byla u otevřené resekce 104 minut a u laparoskopické 157 minut, krevní ztráty byly 250 a 184 ml. Nebyla zaznamenána žádná závažná operační komplikace. Ve sledovaném souboru nebylo zaznamenáno úmrtí ani recidiva nádoru v tříletém pooperačním sledovaném období. Závěr: Hemostáza kyanoakrylátovým lepidlem Glubran II se jevila jako účinná a bezpečná u resekce ledvin. Na druhou stranu zvyšuje náklady na operaci a není nezbytná. Klíčová slova: parciální nefrektomie − laparoskopická resekce ledvin − kyanoakrylátové tkáňové lepidlo, Introduction: The effect of cyanoacrylate glues was repeatedly evaluated in resections of liver, lungs and others organs, but minimally in kidney resection. The aim of our study was to evaluate the use of cyanoacrylate tissue glue in open and laparoscopic partial nephrectomy. Method: We evaluated a cohort of 32 patients who underwent partial nephrectomy with treatment of the resected area using cyanoacrylate glue. Laparoscopic resection was done in 23 patients, while 9 patients underwent an open procedure. Surgical results, complications and oncologic results were assessed. Results: The median follow-up duration was 46 months. The mean time of open partial nephrectomy was 104 minutes and that of laparoscopic resection was 154 minutes; blood losses reached 250 ml and 184 ml, respectively. No serious complications occurred, and all patients survived the 3-year follow-up without any tumor recurrence. Conclusion: Hemostasis using the cyanoacrylate glue Glubran II was effective and safe. On the other hand, it increased the costs of the surgery and was not necessary. Key worlds: partial nephrectomy − laparoscopic resection of kidney − cyanoacrylate tissue glue, and J. Košina, J. Pacovský, P. Hušek, L. Holub, M. Broďák
Cardiac surgery is inseparably linked to the activation of innate immunity cells recognizing danger signals of both endogenous and exogenous origin via pattern recognition receptors such as TLR receptors. Therefore, we followed by flow cytometry TLR2 and TLR4 expression on blood monocytes and granulocytes of patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting using beating heart surgery (off-pump, n = 34), with use of standard cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), (on-pump, n = 30), and miniinvasive CPB (mini on-pump, n = 25), respectively, before, during surgery, and up to 7th postoperative day. TLR2 and TLR4 expression both on monocytes and granulocytes was significantly diminished already at the end of CPB being highly significantly decreased at the end of surgery in all patients' groups. TLR2 and TLR4 expression reached preoperative value at the 1st postoperative day being significantly higher at the 3rd postoperative day. Using intracellular staining we found the peak of TLR2 and TLR4 expression inside of monocytes and granulocytes at the first postoperative day in a subgroup of on-pump patients. In conclusion, TLR2 and TLR4 expression is significantly modulated in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting as a part of adaptive homeostatic mechanisms induced by major surgery. The very surgical trauma is responsible for TLR2 and TLR4 modulation. Surprisingly, cardiopulmonary bypass itself was little contributing to the modulation of TLR2 and TLR4 expression. and J. Krejsek, M. Kolácková, J. Mand'ák, P. Kunes, Z. Holubcová, D. Holmannová, M. AbuAttieh, C. Andrýs
The aim of this study is to evaluate the results of total hip arthroplasty in patients with Parkinson's disease during a period of five years, focusing on the assessment of the risks and benefits of surgery. During this period we performed total hip arthroplasty in 14 patients (15 hips) with Parkinson's disease. Patients were evaluated by subjective symptoms and objective findings, with a focus on the use of support while walking and walking distance, severity of Parkinson's disease before surgery and at the time of the last follow-up. During the postoperative period, the following parameters were assessed: length of ICU stay, mobilization, complications, the total duration of hospitalization and follow-up care after discharge. Of the 11 patients (12 hips) followed-up 1-5 years with an average of 3 years after operation 8 cases showed progression of neurological disability. 5 patients (6 hips) showed an increased dependence on the use of support when walking and reduced distance that the patient was able to walk. Subjectively, 10 hip joints were completely painless and 2 patients complained of only occasional mild pain in the operated hip. Complications that were encountered were urinary tract infection (5 patients), cognitive impairment (3 patients) and pressure ulcer (2 patients). We did not observe any infection or dislocation of the prosthesis. Three patients fell and fractured the femur and 3 patients in our cohort died during follow up. Implantation of total replacement is possible with judicious indication after careful evaluation of neurological finding in patients with minimal or mild functional impairment of the locomotor system. Prerequisite for a good result is precise surgical technique and optimal implant position with balanced tension of the muscles and other soft tissues around the hip. and PG. Mathew, P. Sponer, T. Kucera, M. Grinac, J. Knízek
Úvod: Frekvencia pankreatických metastáz sa pohybuje od 2 % do 5 % všetkých malígnych tumorov pankreasu. Pankreas je elektívnym miestom metastáz renálneho karcinómu a všeobecne sa vyskytujú v siedmej dekáde a sú obyčajne asymptomatické. Kazuistika: V kazuistike prezentujeme prípad 58 ročnej ženy s multifokálnym a izolovaným postihnutím pankreasu metastázami renálneho karcinómu, ktorý sme riešili totálnou duodenopankreatektómiou. Záver: V selektovaných prípadoch považujeme resekčný výkon na pankrease pri metastázach renálneho karcinómu za indikovaný a zlepšujúci celkové prežívanie pacientov. Kľúčové slová: renálny karcinóm – izolované pankreatické metastázy – totálna duodenopankreatektómia, Introduction: The frequency of pancreatic metastases ranges from 2% to 5%. Pancreas is an elective site for metastases from renal carcinoma. Pancreatic metastases from renal cell carcinoma are frequently the only metastatic site and they typically occur in the seventh decade of life. Case report: We report 1 female patient (aged 58 years) with multifocal and isolated pancreatic metastases of renal cell carcinoma. Total duodenopancreatectomy was performed. Conclusion: In selected cases, pancreatic resection due to renal cell cancer metastases is deemed indicated, improving overall patient survival. Key words: renal cell carcinoma (RCC) − isolated pancreatic metastases − total duodenopancreatectomy, and R. Donát, M. Sabol, Š. Durdík
Autoři referují o vzácném případu traumatické totální avulze očního bulbu s optickým nervem v úrovni chiazmatu. Kazuistické sdělení retrospektivně popisuje průběh ročního sledování mladé ženy, která byla zraněna při hasičských závodech. Avulze bulbu a optiku, kombinovaná s poraněním chiazmatu, rezultovala v hemianopický defekt druhostranného zorného pole. Při traumatu vzniklo subarachnoidální krvácení do oblasti cisteren chiazmatu, jež spontánně ustoupilo. Nedošlo k rozvoji vaskulárních spazmů mozku. Celková kortikoterapie a neuroprotekce neměla vliv na průběh onemocnění. Během sledovací doby objektivně došlo k descendentní atrofii korespondujících axonů a retinálních gangliových buněk. V současné době neexistuje efektivní terapie poranění v oblasti chiazmatu., The authors report a rare case of complete traumatic avulsion of the eyeball with the optic nerve at the level of chiasm. The case report retrospectively describes a year-long monitoring of a young woman who was injured in fire-fighter races. Avulsion of the globe and optic nerve combined with injured chiasm resulted in contralateral hemianopic visual field defect. The trauma led to subarachnoid hemorrhage in cisterns of chiasm, which spontaneously resolved. There was no development of vascular spasms in the brain. Systemic corticosteroid therapy and neuroprotection did not affect the course of the disease. During the observation period, descending atrophy of the corresponding axons and retinal ganglion cells developed. There is currently no effective therapy of chiasm injuries., and L. Hejsek, V. Kaňa, P. Rozsíval, J. Dusová, A. Stepanov, P. Trávníček, L. Tuček