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2. Demography of the endangered butterfly Euphydryas aurinia (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae): A case study of populations in sub-Mediterranean dry calcareous grasslands
- Creator:
- Jugovic, Jure, Uboni, Costanza, Zupan, Sara, and Lužnik, Martina
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- motýli, babočkovití, demografie, grasslands, butterflies, Nymphalidae, demography, Slovinsko, Slovenia, Euphydryas aurinia, mark-release-recapture, movement, nectar plants, metapopulation, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- We studied a population of the regionally endangered marsh fritillary butterfly Euphydryas aurinia inhabiting a system of loosely connected dry calcareous grasslands in sub-Mediterranean Slovenia. Our goal was to set the basis for a long-term monitoring of this butterfly in four meadows using mark-release-recapture (MRR). We determined its demographic parameters, dispersal, behaviour and utilization of nectar plants in different quality patches. Total population size was estimated to be approximately 347 males (95% confidence interval: 262-432) and 326 females (95% confidence interval: 250-402), with an unbiased sex ratio. The average lifespans were 6.3 and 8.6 days, respectively. Daily population sizes followed a parabola with marked protandry. Both sexes were relatively highly mobile with both occasionally moving over half a kilometre. The spatial distribution of animals seemed to be associated with patch size, host plant densities and nectar sources, resulting in much higher population densities in the largest patch. Adult behaviour differed between the sexes, with females resting more and flying less than males. Behaviour also changed during daytime and with the progression of the season. Adults were confirmed to be opportunistic feeders, since as many as ten nectar sources were detected. We conclude that demographic parameters differ greatly among regions and habitats, thus conservation aims should be planned accordingly. Although the population studied is apparently in good condition, there are threats that may hamper the long-term persistence of the species in this area: succession, intensification of mowing and overgrazing., Jure Jugovic, Costanza Uboni, Sara Zupan, Martina Lužnik., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
3. Geriatrická multimorbidita – jeden z klíčových problémů současné medicíny
- Creator:
- Weber, Pavel, Prudius, Dana, and Meluzínová, Hana
- Format:
- print, text, and regular print
- Type:
- model:article, article, Text, přehledy, and TEXT
- Subject:
- lidé, staří, staří nad 80 let, křehký senior, geriatrie--trendy, demografie, naděje dožití, komorbidita, chronická nemoc, holistické zdraví, vztahy mezi lékařem a pacientem, kvalita života, rizikové faktory, kvalita zdravotní péče, stárnutí, atomizace medicíny, and geriatrizace medicíny
- Language:
- Czech and English
- Description:
- V populaci starších osob je běžný úbytek funkčních kapacit, postupný vznik různých nemocí až k širší multimorbiditě a nárůstu problémů v sociální oblasti, které mohou akcentovat stařeckou křehkost a neschopnost žít samostatně. Článek rozebírá komplexně problematiku geriatrické multimorbidity a klade důraz na její úskalí a rizika, potřebu interdisciplinárního přístupu a myšlení lékařů, a to včetně úskalí moderní farmakoterapie. Cílem geriatrické medicíny je optimalizace reziduálních funkcí navzdory poklesu celkových funkčních kapacit organizmu při rostoucí multimorbiditě. Autoři chtějí tímto přehledovým článkem především upozornit i odbornou veřejnost na neustále rostoucí počet seniorů v populaci a na potřebu povědomí umět správně interpretovat a chápat tuto zcela novou realitu., In the elderly population there are common permanent decrease of functional capacity, gradual emergence of various diseases leading to the wider multimorbidity and increased problems in the social sphere, which can develop frailty and social dependency. The paper analyzes the complex issue of geriatric multimorbidity and emphasizes its pitfalls, the need of an interdisciplinary approach and thinking of doctors, including the risks of modern pharmacotherapy. The aim of geriatric medicine is to optimize residual functions despite the decline in total functional capacity with increasing multimorbidity. The authors want to direct the attention of the professional community to the permanently growing numbers of the elderly and to emphasize the need of awareness of the problem so that they could understand and cope with this absolutely new reality., and Pavel Weber, Dana Prudius, Hana Meluzínová
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
4. Has the currently warming climate affected populations of the mountain ringlet butterfly, Erebia epiphron (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae), in low-elevation mountains?
- Creator:
- Martin Konvička, Jiří Beneš, Oldřich Čížek, Tomáš Kuras, and Irena Klečková
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, motýli, babočkovití, demografie, butterflies, Nymphalidae, demography, Erebia epiphron, alpine habitats, temperate mountains, climate warming, population structure, timberline, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Climate change scenarios predict losses of cold-adapted species from insular locations, such as middle high mountains at temperate latitudes, where alpine habitats extend for a few hundred meters above the timberline. However, there are very few studies following the fates of such species in the currently warming climate. We compared transect monitoring data on an alpine butterfly, Erebia epiphron (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) from summit elevations of two such alpine islands (above 1300 m) in the Jeseník Mts and Krkonoše Mts, Czech Republic. We asked if population density, relative total population abundance and phenology recorded in the late 1990s (past) differs that recorded early in 2010s (present) and if the patterns are consistent in the two areas, which are separated by 150 km. We found that butterfly numbers recorded per transect walk decreased between the past and the present, but relative population abundances remained unchanged. This contradictory observation is due to an extension in the adult flight period, which currently begins ca 10 days earlier and lasts for longer, resulting in the same total abundances with less prominent peaks in abundance. We interpret this development as desynchronization of annual cohort development, which might be caused by milder winters with less predictable snow cover and more variable timing of larval diapause termination. Although both the Jeseník and Krkonoše populations of E. epiphron are abundant enough to withstand such desynchronization, decreased synchronicity of annual cohort development may be detrimental for innumerable small populations of relic species in mountains across the globe., Martin Konvička, Jiří Beneš, Oldřich Čížek, Tomáš Kuras, Irena Klečková., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
5. Hermann Zeitlhofer. Besitzwechsel und sozialer Wandel. Lebensläfe und sozioökonomische Entwicklungen im südlichen Böhmerwald, 1640-1840
- Creator:
- Josef Grulich
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, recenze, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Demografie. Populace, 17.-19. století, demografie, obyvatelstvo, demography, population, Šumava (pohoří : oblast), Šumava Mountains Region, 18, and 314
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- [autor recenze] Josef Grulich. and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
6. Lidia A. Zyblikiewicz. Ludność Krakowa w drugiej połowie XIX wieku. Strukutra demograficzna, zawodowa i społeczna
- Creator:
- Radek Lipovski
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, recenze, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Demografie. Populace, demografie, obyvatelstvo, demography, population, Krakov (Polsko), Kraków (Poland), 18, and 314
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- [autor recenze] Radek Lipovski. and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
7. Mezi slovanskou vzájemností a orientalismem: české zobrazování Podkarpatské Rusi a jejích obyvatel v publicistice dvacátých let minulého století
- Creator:
- Stanislav Holubec
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- 1918-1938, historiografie, demografie, Rusíni, publicistika, historiography, demography, Ruthenians, publicistic, Podkarpatská Rus (Ukrajina), Carpathian Ruthenia (Ukraine), 8, and 93/94
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- a1_Autor na české publicistice z dvacátých let dvacátého století zkoumá, jaké představy a obrazy si tehdy vytvářeli Češi o Podkarpatské Rusi jako nejvýchodnější části Československé republiky a o jejích obyvatelích. Na dané téma uplatňuje koncept orientalismu, vzešlý z postkoloniálních studií, a prostřednictvím analýzy zvolených pramenů představuje Podkarpatskou Rus v dobovém českém vnímání jako československý Orient, s charakteristickými rysy exotičnosti, malebnosti, divokosti, zaostalosti nebo odlišného plynutí času. Pro Čechy (a v menší míře Slováky), kteří přicházeli po roce 1918 na Podkarpatskou Rus jako úředníci, učitelé nebo policisté v roli nových správců nebo jako turisté, se jednalo zpočátku o téměř neznámé prostředí. Potřeba orientovat se v něm, integrovat je do nového státního celku a legitimizovat novou vládu vedla Čechy k tomu, aby zdejší rusínské obyvatele pojímali buď jako slovanské bratry, kteří trpěli pod staletým útiskem Maďarů, nebo jako prostoduché domorodce, které je nutné civilizovat. Líčení Rusínů jako ''v jádru dobrého lidu'' se ovšem podle autora mísilo s jejich popisy jako indolentních a iracionálních bytostí, náchylných k alkoholu a ohrožovaných ve své naivitě účelovou komunistickou či ukrajinskou nacionální agitací., a2_Další dvě zdejší etnické skupiny, Maďary a Židy, naproti tomu Češi zobrazovali převážně negativně, jako orientálce protikladné Evropanům, jejichž vliv je nutné marginalizovat. Podobně záporné hodnocení platilo také pro podkarpatské komunisty, ukrajinské emigranty a řeckokatolickou církev. Sami Češi se podle autora často charakterizovali jako racionální a efektivní nositelé západní civilizace, avšak někdy též jako příliš mírní nebo idealističtí. Zcela odlišný obraz Podkarpatské Rusi, jak ukazuje autor, nabízela publicistika československých komunistů. Ti zde byli ve dvacátých letech nejsilnější politickou stranou a jejich diskurz nastoloval především narativ české buržoazní diktatury, okupace a koloniálních praktik. V závěrečných kapitolách studie podává autor přehled o tom, jak byla od třicátých do současnosti Podkarpatská Rus přítomná v české kulturní paměti a jak je Československo přítomno v kulturní paměti a historii Zakarpatí., a1_The author examines Czech journalism of the 1920s to find out what ideas and images Czechs had at that time about Carpathian Ruthenia, the easternmost part of their new country, the Czechoslovak Republic. In his research on this topic, the author employs Orientalism, a concept that originates in postcolonial studies, and, after analyzing his sources, he presents Carpathian Ruthenia as it appeared to Czechs at that time, that is, as the Czechoslovak Orient, with the characteristic features of the exotic, the picturesque, the wild, the backward, and with a different sense of time. For Czechs (and to a lesser extent Slovaks too) who came to Carpathian Ruthenia after 1918 as clerks, teachers, and police, in the role of the new administrators, or as tourists, this was initially an almost unknown environment. The need to get one´s bearings in it, to integrate it into the new republic, and to legitimate the new government led the Czechs to conceive of the local Rusyns either as fellow Slavs who had for centuries suffered under Magyar oppression or as simple-minded natives who need civilizing. According to the author, the depiction of the Rusyns as ''good folk and heart'' was, however mixed with descriptions of them as indolent and irrational beings, with an inclination to drink and, in their naiveté, susceptible to Communist or Ukrainian nationalist propaganda. By contrast, the other local ethnic groups, the Magyars and the Jews, were depicted by Czechs in a mainly negative way, as Orientals, the opposite of Europeans, whose influence had to be minimalized. A similarly negative assessment applied also to the Communists of Carpathian Ruthenia, Ukrainian immigrants, and the Ukrainian Greek Orthodox Church., a2_Czechs, according to the author, often described themselves as rational and efficient bearers of Western Civilization, but were, they felt, sometimes excesively lenient or idealistic. A quite different picture of Carpathian Ruthenia, the author argues, was offered by the journalism of the Czechoslovak Communists. In the 1920s, the Communists were the strongest political party here and it was mainly their discourse that established the narrative about a Czech bourgeois dictatorship, occupation, and colonial practices. In the concluding sections of the article, the author presents a summary of how, from the 1930 to the present, Carpathian Ruthenia was present in Czech cultural memory and Czechoslovakia was present in the cultural memory and history of Carpathian Ruthenia., Stanislav Holubec., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
8. Movement, demography and behaviour of a highly mobile species: A case study of the black-veined white, Aporia crataegi (Lepidoptera: Pieridae)
- Creator:
- Jugovic, Jure, Črne, Mitja, and Lužnik, Martina
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, běláskovití, demografie, Pieridae, demography, Lepidoptera, Aporia crataegi, mark-release-recapture, movement, nectar plants, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- We studied the demography, movement, behaviour and choice of nectar plants by adults of Aporia crataegi. This study was done in a dense network of different types of habitats (total size of study area 16.26 ha) from open landscape to shrubland, the latter being a result of abandonment of traditional agricultural practices such as extensive mowing and grazing. Total population size was estimated to be approximately 1700 and 2700 for females and males, respectively. Median and maximum distances moved by males were 134 and 3493 m, and by females 138 and 3165 m, respectively. The average lifespan was ca. 7.1 and 7.5 days, with maximum recorded lifespans of 21 and 17 days for males and females, respectively. The greater capture probability recorded for males indicates their high activity, as they spend most of their time in flight patrolling and searching for mates. A parabolic recruitment curve and protandry were also recorded. Both sexes are highly mobile. The spatial distribution of both sexes was roughly similar. The adult behaviour differed in different habitats, with more time spent feeding and resting when nectar plants were plentiful and more time spent flying when they were rare. Although adults utilized nine nectar sources, only two were recorded in over 80% of all the feeding occasions. In order to re-establish open grassland with some shrubland, traditional and mosaic management of the landscape should be revived at least to some extent., Jure Jugovic, Mitja Črne, Martina Lužnik., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
9. Organizačné občianske správanie, organizačná spravodlivosť a socio-demografické ukazovatele
- Creator:
- Rovenská, Denisa
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- lineární modely, demografie, linear models, demography, organizačně občanské chování, organizační spravedlnost, socio-demografické ukazatele, organizational citizenship behavior, organizational justice, socio-demographic variables, 17, and 159.9
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Kvalitu a efektivitu organizácie určuje nielen manažment, organizačná štruktúra či kultúra, ale aj jej zamestnanci a aktivity, ktoré determinujú ich vzťah k danej organizácii. Správanie zamestnancov nezahŕňa len formálne určené aktivity, ale najmä aktivity, ktoré sú na báze dobrovoľnosti. Daná dobrovoľnosť sa prejavuje predovšetkým v rámci organizačného občianskeho správania (z angl. organizational citizenship behavior, ďalej len OCB). Mieru OCB určujú viaceré organizačné faktory, medzi ktoré patrí aj organizačná spravodlivosť. Cieľom predkladaného príspevku bolo objasniť charakter vzťahu medzi organizačným občianskym správaním, organizačnou spravodlivosťou a vybranými socio-demografickými ukazovateľmi. Zámer sa tiež sústredil na poznanie miery organizačného občianskeho správania, ktoré respondenti vykazujú a tiež, v akej miere vnímajú jednotlivé dimenzie organizačnej spravodlivosti. Pre naplnenie spomenutého cieľa sa 210 respondentov s priemerným vekom 34,82 rokov (SD = 10,97) vyjadrilo k otázkam, ktoré zaznamenávali mieru organizačného občianskeho správania pomocou dotazníka Organizational Citizenship Behavior Checklist (OCB-C) a mieru organizačnej spravodlivosti prostredníctvom škály Organizational Justice Scale. Výsledky ukázali, že v priemere respondenti vykazovali nižšiu mieru OCB (M = 2,28; SD = 0,67) a v rámci organizačnej spravodlivosti v najvyššej miere vnímali interpersonálnu spravodlivosť (M = 3,78; SD = 1,05). Analýza charakteru vzťahov medzi vybranými premennými ukázala, že dimenzie organizačnej spravodlivosti, odpracované roky v organizácii a rod boli prediktormi OCB, resp. OCB-O a OCB-I. Konkrétne výsledky sú súčasťou príspevku., The quality and efficiency of an organization are determined not even by the management, organizational structure or the company culture, but also employees and their behavior which determine the relationship to the organization. Employees´ behavior does not only include formally defined activities, but especially activities that are voluntary. These activities are manifested primarily in an organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). The OCB is determined by a number of organizational factors, including organizational justice. The aim of this contribution was to analyze the relationship between organizational citizenship behavior, organizational justice and selected socio-demographic variables. The research also focused on the frequency of OCB and the level of organizational justice perception. 210 respondents in total with the average age of 34.82 years (SD = 10.97) answered the questions measuring OCB by Organizational Citizenship Behavior Checklist (OCB-C) and organizational justice by Organizational Justice Scale. The results showed that respondents had a lower level of OCB (M = 2.28; SD = .67), and they perceive interpersonal justice the most (M = 3.78; SD = 1.05) within organizational justice. An analysis of the nature of the relation between selected variables showed that dimensions of organizational justice, years of practice and gender were predictors of OCB, OCB-O or/and OCB-I, respectively. Specific results are part of the contribution., Denisa Rovenská., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
10. Soupisy duší v královéhradecké diecézi z let 1776-1777 jako demografické prameny a okolnosti jejich vzniku
- Creator:
- Pavlík, Jiří and Pokorný, Radek
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- česká a uherská královna, císařovna, choť Františka Štěpána I., římskoněmeckého císaře, Marie Terezie, 1717-1780, Katolická církev., Diecéze královéhradecká, demografie, duchovní, heretici, demography, clergymen, heretics, soupisy duší, selské povstání, register of souls, peasants' revolt, 8, and 94(437)
- Language:
- Czech and English
- Description:
- The authors aimed to elucidate the circumstances surrounding the compilation of registers of souls in the diocese of Hradec Kralové, in the northeast of Bohemia, in the years 1776 and 1777. They also analysed the three extant registers as demographic sources for the study of the population of the day. The resulting data indicate that in the second half of the 18th century, the state had a considerable influence on how the registers of souls were kept and compiled in the Hradec Kralové diocese, and used them to obtain important information on the population, particularly in matters of religion. The volumes containing the registers of souls in 1776-77 represent an extremely valuable source from a demographic point of view that can be used not only to ascertain the numerical state of the population of a particular locality at the time of their compilation, but to study its age profile, social stratification and the typology of families and households., Jiří Pavlík a Radek Pokorný., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public