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12. Karel Raška: (1909-1987)
- Creator:
- Martin Franc
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, medailony, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Věda. Všeobecnosti. Základy vědy a kultury. Vědecká práce, Raška, Karel, 1909-1987, 20. století, epidemiologové, vědci, epidemiologie, epidemiologists, scientists, epidemiology, Česko, Czechia, 12, and 00
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Martin Franc.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
13. Léčení uživatelé nelegálních drog v České republice
- Creator:
- Füleová, Anna and Petrášová, Barbora
- Format:
- print, text, and regular print
- Type:
- model:article, article, Text, and TEXT
- Subject:
- lidé, stupeň vzdělání, statistika jako téma, sběr dat--metody, uživatelé drog--statistika a číselné údaje, poruchy spojené s užíváním psychoaktivních látek--epidemiologie, poruchy spojené s užíváním amfetaminu--epidemiologie, poruchy spojené s užíváním opiátů--epidemiologie, incidence, prevalence, distribuce podle pohlaví, věkové rozložení, methamfetamin, kanabinoidy, heroin, abúzus marihuany--epidemiologie, and epidemiologie
- Language:
- Czech and English
- Description:
- V letech 1995–2014 monitorovala situaci v oblasti léčby uživatelů nelegálních psychoaktivních látek v České republice (dále jen ČR) hygienická služba ČR. Z longitudinálního sledování a analýzy dat vyplynuly dlouhodobé trendy ve vývoji epidemiologické situace abúzu návykových látek v celé ČR i v jednotlivých krajích. Spolu se základními epidemiologickými charakteristikami byly hodnoceny také sociodemografické ukazatele. Získané výsledky vypovídají o rostoucím trendu v počtu žádostí o léčbu v české populaci uživatelů drog. Skupina uživatelů opiátů v léčbě pozvolna stárne. Dlouhodobě nejvíce preferovanou užívanou nelegální drogou je metamfetamin aplikovaný injekčně. V průběhu sledovaných let se preference jednotlivých psychoaktivních látek postupně měnila. Preferenci opiátů vystřídaly u prvožadatelů o léčbu kanabinoidy. Nejvyšším stupněm dosaženého vzdělání u uživatelů návykových látek v léčbě je vzdělání základní, z hlediska zaměstnání převažují nezaměstnaní. Během sledovaného období došlo k navýšení průměrného věku mezi všemi léčenými klienty o 5,5 roku. Nejvyšší prevalenci žádostí o léčbu vykazovaly ve sledovaném období kraje Ústecký, Olomoucký, Praha a kraj Vysočina., The treatment demand indicator is one of five key indicators of drug epidemiology. Over the years 1995–2014 the Public Health Service of the Czech Republic monitored users of illegal psychoactive substances under treatment. From a longitudinal observation and analysis of data epidemiological trends in drug abuse in the Czech Republic and its individual regions were characterized. Along with basic characteristics of drug use, risk behaviour and related treatment socio-demographic indicators were also evaluated. Results of this monitoring indicate an increasing trend in the number of treatment demands in the Czech population of drug users. Opiates users under treatment are slowly getting older. The most preferably used illegal drug is methamphetamine administered by injection. Over the years, the preferences for seeking different psychoactive substances gradually changed. Opiates were replaced by cannabinoids in users first treatment. The highest level of education attained by treated drug users is primary education. In terms of employment the unemployed predominate. During the reporting period there was an increase of about 5.5 years in the average age among all treatment clients. The highest prevalence of drug treatment demand was found in regions Ústí, Olomouc, Praha and Vysočina., Anna Füleová, Barbora Petrášová, and Literatura
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
14. Melanocortin-4 receptor gene mutations in obese Slovak children
- Creator:
- Stanikova, D., Milena Surová, Ticha, L., Petrasova, M., Virgova, D., Huckova, M., Skopkova, M., Lobotkova, D., Valentinova, L., Mokan, M., Stanik, J., Klimes, I., and Gasperikova, D.
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, obezita, epidemiologie, děti, obesity, epidemiology, children, monogenic obesity, MC4R, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The most common etiology of non- syndromic monogenic obesity are mutations in gene for the Melanocortin -4 receptor ( MC485 ) with variable prevalence in different countries (1.2 -6.3 % of obese children). The aim of our study was 1 ) to search for MC4R mutations in obese children in Slovakia and compare their prevalence with other European countries, and 2 ) to describe the phenotype of the mutation carriers. DNA analysis by direct Sanger sequencing of the coding exons and intron/exon boundaries of the MC4R gene was performed in 268 unrelated Slovak children and adolescents with body mass index above the 97 th percentile for age and sex and obesity onset up to 11 years (mean 4.3±2.8 years). Two different previously described heterozygous loss of function MC4R variants (i.e. p.Ser19Alafs*34, p.Ser127Leu) were identified in two obese probands, and one obese (p.Ser19Alafs*34), and one lean (p.Ser127Leu) adult family relatives. No loss of function variants were found in lean controls. The prevalence of loss -of-function MC4R variants in obese Slovak children was 0.7 %, what is one of the lowest frequencies in Europe., D. Stanikova, M. Surova, L. Ticha, M. Petrasova, D. Virgova, M. Huckova, M. Skopkova, D. Lobotkova, L. Valentinova, M. Mokan, J. Stanik, I. Klimes, D. Gasperikova., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
15. Návrat slova - úvodník
- Creator:
- Kotěšovec, František
- Format:
- print, text, and regular print
- Type:
- model:article, article, Text, biography, úvodníky, and TEXT
- Subject:
- hygiena, epidemiologie, and terminologie jako téma
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- František Kotěšovec
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
16. Poučení o moru a o zdravotních opatřeních k zamezení a potlačení jeho : (zdání c.k. nejvyšší zdravotní rady, podané v sezení dne 8. července 1899)
- Publisher:
- s.n.]
- Format:
- 1-10, print, and 10 s. ; 23 cm
- Type:
- model:monograph, monograph, Text, informační publikace, and TEXT
- Subject:
- mor, infekční lékařství, epidemiologie, 616.9, 616.99, 616-036.22, 579.6, 579.8, and 616-093/-098
- Language:
- Czech
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
17. Seasonal occurrence and microhabitat specificity of Paradiplozoon ichthyoxanthon Avenant-Oldewage in Avenant-Oldewage et al., 2014 (Monogenea: Diplozoidae) infecting Labeobarbus aeneus (Burchell) (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from the Vaal Dam, South Africa: water quality and host size as determining factors?
- Creator:
- Gilbert, Beric M and Avenant-Oldewage, Annemariè
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- ekologie, epidemiologie, ecology, epidemiology, Afrika jižní, Africa, Southern, ectoparasite, seasonality, smallmouth yellowfish, gill arch, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- This is the first study detailing the microhabitat specificity of the monogenean parasite, Paradiplozoon ichthyoxanthon Avenant-Oldewage in Avenant-Oldewage et al., 2014. Samples of the monogenean were collected from the gills of the smallmouth yellowfish Labeobarbus aeneus (Burchell) from the Vaal Dam, South Africa, over four seasons with the use of gill nets. Host condition factor fluctuated between the different seasons, with the highest values recorded in summer. Adults and diporpas of P. ichthyoxanthon were found in all four seasons. Adult parasites predominantly infect the first gill arch, whereas diporpas were found on the second and fourth arches. In utero eggs were also found throughout the sampling seasons and their number negatively correlated with the condition factor of the host. The occurrence of adults and diporpas of P. ichthyoxanthon correlated with the size of the host but not the condition factor. Water quality of the study site also had little correlational relationship with the occurrence of the parasites and fluctuations were related to season. The main factor that may drive the microhabitat specificity of P. ichthyoxanthon is the flow of water over the surfaces of the gills and chances of the parasites becoming dislodged. Size of the attachment organs has also been shown to play a role in this specificity, because smaller attachment structures favour stronger holdfast to areas where flow might be stronger compared to larger attachment structures., Beric M. Gilbert, Annemariè Avenant-Oldewage., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
18. Secular trends and latitude gradients in the male-female ratio at birth in Yugoslavia and the ex-Yugoslavian States
- Creator:
- Grech, Victor
- Format:
- print, text, and regular print
- Type:
- model:article, article, Text, časopisecké články, and TEXT
- Subject:
- porodnost--etnologie--trendy, ženské pohlaví, zeměpis, lidé, mužské pohlaví, sekularismus, poměr pohlaví, and epidemiologie
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- BACKGROUND: Latitude gradients and secular trends in Europe and North America have been found in the male-female ratio at birth (M/F: male births divided by total births) which approximates 0.515. METHODS: Annual national data for Yugoslavia and the post-Yugoslavia States for male and female live births were obtained from the World Health Organisation and analysed with contingency tables. RESULTS: This study analysed 22,020,729 live births. There was a increasing trend in M/F prior to the breakup of the former Yugoslavia (1950-1990, p = 0.002), followed by a decreasing trend after 1990 (p = 0.02). A latitude gradient was also noted, with more males being born in southern, warmer latitudes (p < 0.0001). There was an overall excess of 42,753 male births based on an anticipated M/F of 0.515. CONCLUSION: M/F is decreasing in this region, similar to the rest of Europe and North America. A latitude gradient is also present with more males being born in warmer (more Southern) latitudes (p < 0.0001), even in this small region and over the short time-frame studied. and V. Grech
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
19. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in hunted wild boars (Sus scrofa) from southeastern France
- Creator:
- Roqueplo, Cédric, Blaga, Radu, Marié, Jean-Lou, Vallée, Isabelle, and Davoust, Bernard
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- toxoplazmóza, epidemiologie, prase divoké, toxoplasmosis, epidemiology, wild boar, Francie, France, agglutination test, wildlife, seroprevalence, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Toxoplasma gondii (Nicolle et Manceaux, 1908) is an obligate intracellular, parasitic protozoan within the phylum Apicomplexa that causes toxoplasmosis in mammalian hosts (including humans) and birds. Since meat of wild boar, Sus scrofa (Linnaeus), has been demonstrated to be a potential source of human infection, a careful evaluation of the prevalence of infection with T. gondii in hunted animals is needed to protect public health. In the Var area in southeastern France, we performed a spatio-temporal survey in order to investigate the prevalence of IgG antibodies in wild boars shot by hunters in the Canjuers military camp during two subsequent hunting seasons. Of 841 wild boars screened, antibodies (IgG) to T. gondii (modified agglutination test, cut-off 1 : 6) were found in 141 (16.8%) muscle extract samples. A significant association (p < 0.001) was found between positivity and age, but not gender, and hunting districts. The results obtained indicate that consumption of raw or undercooked meat from wild boars carries an important risk of infection with T. gondii. Wild boars may be considered as a bioindicator of parasite circulation in this ecosystem., Cédric Roqueplo, Radu Blaga, Jean-Lou Marié, Isabelle Vallée, Bernard Davoust., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
20. The Chernobyl accident, the male to female ratio at birth and birth rates
- Creator:
- Grech, Victor
- Format:
- print, text, and regular print
- Type:
- model:article, article, Text, časopisecké články, and TEXT
- Subject:
- porodnost, černobylská havárie, ženské pohlaví, lidé, novorozenec, mužské pohlaví, poměr pohlaví, and epidemiologie
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- INTRODUCTION: The male:female ratio at birth (male births divided by total live births - M/T) has been shown to increase in response to ionizing radiation due to gender-biased fetal loss, with excess female loss. M/T rose sharply in 1987 in central-eastern European countries following the Chernobyl accident in 1986. This study analyses M/T and births for the former Soviet Republics and for the countries most contaminated by the event. METHODS: Annual birth data was obtained from the World Health Organisation. The countries with the highest exposure levels (by 137Cs) were identified from an official publication of the International Atomic Energy Agency. All of the former Soviet states were also analysed and the periods before and after 1986 were compared. RESULTS: Except for the Baltic States, all regions in the former USSR showed a significant rise in M/T from 1986. There were significant rises in M/T in the three most exposed (Belarus, Ukraine and the Russian Federation). The birth deficit in the post-Soviet states for the ten years following Chernobyl was estimated at 2,072,666, of which 1,087,924 are accounted by Belarus and Ukraine alone. DISCUSSION: Chernobyl has resulted in the loss of millions of births, a process that has involved female even more than male fetuses. This is another and oft neglected consequence of widespread population radiation contamination. and V. Grech
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
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