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5. Gesture, language and affect: rousseau, condillac and their relevance for linguistic research today

Creator:
Fulka, Josef
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
gesto, osvícenství, lingvistika, gesture, enlightenment, linguistics, geneze jazyka, osvícenská filosofie, genesis of language, philosophy of the Enlightenment, 8, and 94(437)
Language:
Czech
Description:
The aim of the present text is to consider 18th century language genealogies, as proposed by Rousseau and Condillac, in relation to the question of gesture and affectivity. For it seems that a certain form of affect - need in Condillac, passion in Rousseau - comes to play a central role in the speculations concerning the possible origin of human communication whose nature is invariably considered to be gestural as well as vocal. Our aim will be to show that the insights both thinkers present on the subject corresponds, quite remarkably, with certain findings of modern linguistics and psychology. It is, of course, impossible to treat the issue in all its complexity; all that we will attempt to do is concentrate on certain significant passages and pinpoint what we consider to be the most remarkable arguments., Josef Fulka., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

6. Hypotéza vymazávání stop a její platnost v češtině u pacientů s Brocovou afázií

Creator:
Hudousková, Andrea, Flanderková, Eva, Mertins, Barbara, and Tomšů, Kristýna
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
lingvistika, minimalismus (literatura), čeština, syntax, linguistics, minimalist theory (linguistic), Czech language, Brocova afázie, hypotéza vymazávání stop, Broca’s aphasia, Trace Deletion Hypothesis, 11, and 81
Language:
Czech
Description:
This paper presents and discusses the results of an experiment testing the validity of the Trace Deletion Hypothesis (Grodzinsky 1989, 2000) in Czech. The Trace Deletion Hypothesis (= TDH) was proposed to account for a receptive syntactic deficit in Broca’s aphasics that involves structures containing transformational operations such as the passive. According to the assumptions of the TDH, in passive constructions Broca’s aphasics fail to assign a semantic θ-role to the derived subject syntactically, so they assign it the Agent θ-role by linear consideration (Default Principle), which results in a structure with two potential Agents. This strategy is supposed to lead to the chance performance of Broca’s aphasics in these structures, as they are forced to guess the distribution of the Agent and the Patient θ-roles. The results of our experiment, however, do not support the TDH-proposal: out of the six tested subjects, only one performed at chance. The error rate for reversible passive structures in Czech was 33.34%, which corresponds to an above-chance performance. Given these results, the validity of the TDH is called into question, also with respect to the development of the generative theory itself., In diesem Artikel werden Ergebnisse eines Experiments präsentiert und diskutiert, in dem die Validität der sogenannten Spurentilgungshypothese (Trace Deletion Hypothesis – Grodzinsky, 1989, 2000) für das Tschechische überprüft wurde. Die Spurentilgungshypothese (= STH) wurde vorgeschlagen, um rezeptive syntaktische Defizite von Strukturen mit Transformationsoperationen (z. B. das Passiv) zu erklären, die bei Patienten mit Broca-Aphasie auftauchen. Beim Verständnis von Passivkonstruktionen misslingt den Broca-Aphasikern laut der STH die Zuordnung der semantischen θ-Rolle zum syntaktisch derivierten Subjekt. Stattdessen stützen sich die Broca-Aphasiker bei der Zuweisung der Agens θ-Rolle auf die lineare Abfolge der Satzglieder (Default Prinzip), was dazu führt, dass die Struktur aus Sicht der Aphasiker zwei potentielle Agens hat. Diese Strategie führt zu einer zufälligen Wahl, da Broca-Aphasiker die Verteilung zwischen den Agens und Patiens θ-Rollen raten müssen. Die Ergebnisse des hier vorgestellten Experiments unterstützen die Gültigkeit der STH-Hypothese nicht: Von sechs getesteten Probanden wies nur ein Proband eine zufällige Verteilung der semantischen Rollen auf. Die Fehlerrate für reversible Passivkonstruktionen im Tschechischen lag bei 33,34 % – dies entspricht einer überzufälligen Leistung der Probanden bezüglich der Zuordnung der semantischen θ-Rollen. Angesichts dieser Resultate muss die Validität der STH-Hypothese in Frage gestellt werden, und zwar auch im Hinblick auf die allgemeine Entwicklung der generativen Theorie., Andrea Hudousková, Eva Flanderková, Barbara Mertins, Kristýna Tomšů., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

7. Lubomír Košnar, Německo-český a česko-německý archeologický slovník. Deutsch-tschechisch und tschechisch-deutsch archäologisches Wörterbuch

Creator:
Martin Čechura
Format:
print
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
lingvistika, oborová terminologie, čeština, němčina, dvojjazyčné překladové slovníky, linguistics, terminology (professional), Czech language, German language, bilingual translation dictionaries, 8, and 902
Language:
Czech
Description:
[autor recenze] Martin Čechura.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

9. Nad knihou o jazykovém managementu v kontaktových situacích

Creator:
Homoláč, Jiří
Format:
print
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
linguistics, jednoduchý a organizovaný jazykový management, normy, kontaktové situace, simple and organized management, norms, contact situation, 11, and 81
Language:
Czech
Description:
This article analyzes and evaluates the book Language Management in Contact Situations: Perspectives from Three Continents (Nekvapil - Sherman, 2009a). The first section summarizes the basic features of Language Management Theory (LMT) itself. The second section reviews a selection of the individual chapters, devoted to, for example, internet discussions between native English speakers concerning the problems of acquiring and using Czech or meetings between Japanese students and various non-native speakers of Japanese. In the discussion section, the author observes that there are differences between the authors working with LMT, above all regarding whether they define the norms guiding speakers in individual interactions, as well as the degree to which they analyze the (linguistic) behavior of speakers as bound to specific interactions. The book is evaluated as thought-provoking given its emphasis of on the inseparability of linguistic behavior and behavior-toward-language and on the processual character of language management, and can thus serve as inspiration for research on the Czech language situation as a multilingual one., Jiří Homoláč., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public