Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is involved in important biological processes such as energy metabolism and regulatory functions of the cell cycle, apoptosis, and inflammation. Our previous studies have shown hepatoprotective effect of polyphenolic compound resveratrol, which is also an activator of SIRT1. Therefore, the aim of our present study was to clarify the role of SIRT1 in process of hepatoprotection in animal model of drug-induced liver damage. Male Wistar rats were used for both in vivo and in vitro studies. Hepatotoxicity was induced by single dose of acetaminophen (APAP). Some rats and hepatocytes were treated by resveratrol or synthetic selective activator of sirtuin 1 (CAY10591). The degree of hepatotoxicity, the activity and expression of the SIRT1 were determined by biochemical, histological and molecular-biological assessments of gained samples (plasma, liver tissue, culture media and hepatocytes). Resveratrol and CAY attenuated APAP-induced hepatotoxicity in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, both drugs enhanced APAPreduced SIRT1 activity. Our results show that modulation of the SIRT1 activity plays a role in hepatoprotection. Synthetic activators of SIRT1 would help in understanding the role of SIRT1 and are therefore a major boost towards the search for specific treatment of liver disease., L. Wojnarová, N. Kutinová Canová, H. Farghali, T. Kučera., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Myrmica rubra is a northern, temperate Palaearctic ant species with a geographical range that extends from the Atlantic coast of Europe to central Asia. In Europe, its range covers > 25° of latitude where it lives under a variety of climates that vary from extreme oceanic in the west, to continental in the east. Colonies nest in the soil and their life cycles are known to be highly dependent on ambient temperature and soil moisture. We hypothesised that the brood-rearing behaviour of populations might be focally adapted to climate and that we might detect differences when the ants were reared under \"common-garden\" conditions. Brood-rearing behaviour was compared for 38 colonies of M. rubra drawn from 13 populations representing a range of 6 latitudes: all 6 were represented in eastern Europe and 2 in western Europe. A sample of ants from each colony was used to estimate respiration rate, body mass and fat content at the start of the experiment in spring (immediately post hibernation) and at the end of the experiment (mid summer). Respiration had a linear relationship with latitude, with northern populations having greater respiration rate in spring compared to southern populations. It is suggested that this is an adaptation to different seasonality over the species' range that results in the \"more active\" northern workers rearing fewer brood to maturity more quickly than southern workers. Fat content, a measure of worker \"quality\", had a parabolic relationship with latitude with mid latitude colonies having the fattest workers. Fatter workers appeared to rear heavier brood. This probably represented a functional response to environment with populations living at \"edge of range\" sites being physiologically more stressed and performing brood-rearing tasks less well than centre of range populations. We believe that this is the first demonstration of a consistent, intra-specific trend for Variation in the social physiology of an ant species over its geographic range., Graham W. Elmes, Judith C. Wardlaw, Mogens G. Nielsen, Vladilen E. Kipyatko, Elena B. Lopatina, Alexander G. Radchenko, Boyd Barr, and Lit
Series of repeated epoch-wise GPS campaigns performed in Central European region are used for estimation of site velocities. The main features of campaign processing and combination of network solutions are outlined. The velocities obtained from epoch observations within the Central Europe Regional Geodynamic Project covering the 11-year time span are compared at some sites with velocities derived from permenent GPS observations., Ján Hefty and Ľubomíra Gerhátová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The authors analyse the discourse of Green Ways (GW), a company using multi-level marketing where women comprise the majority of distributors. The article shows that however multi-level marketing is advertised as a highly flexible form of employment suitable for those who want to combine family life with work, it is rather a way of marketing than an employment opportunity. A significant role in this business is played by women on parental leave who earn self-esteem based in the neoliberal values of self-reliance and entrepreneurial success, rather than FINANCIAL income. The analysis links their ways of describing the character and benefits of selling GW products with the ideology presented in GW manuals for distributors. Using Bourdieu’s theory, the authors point out how GW constructs the symbolic oppositional binary in line with the neoliberal notion of an efficient individual., Irena Lištiaková, Lucie Jarkovská., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
This article focuses on the situation of parents of children aged 0-7 in the Czech labour market according to findings from the Labour Force Survey in 2007. The author discusses the model of changes to the economic position of parents typical for the Czech Republic and shows that mainly mothers are affected by the interruption to labour market participation. They found a strong homogeneity of preferences for home care until a child reaches the age of 3, a fact that could also be influenced by structural/institutional conditions. Working mothers of smaller children are significantly at risk of unemployment and at risk of being required to work on a fixed-term contract, and they have a smaller chance of reaching management positions. Fathers are not affected as much by parenthood, but they are more at risk of having to working long hours and evenings. Some of the results (especially on mothers’ unemployment) require further research and political attention., Ondřej Hora., 2 grafy, 6 tabulky, and Obsahuje bibliografii