Studie uvádí přehled studií zaměřených na využití expoziční terapie virtuální realitou (VRET) v rámci léčby úzkostných poruch. Autoři vymezují základní pojmy z oblasti úzkostných poruch, kyberprostoru, virtuální reality a VRET. Jejich cílem bylo zmapování výzkumných studií, jejich rozbor a interpretace výsledků. Příspěvek se zaměřuje na efekt účinnosti VRET v léčbě strachu z létání, strachu z výšek a sociální fobie. Z analýzy výzkumných studií vyplývá, že VRET má prokazatelný efekt při léčbě anxiózních poruch., The study provides an overview of articles about the use of virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET) in the treatment of anxiety disorders. Authors defined the basic concepts as anxiety disorders, cyberspace, virtual reality and VRET. The aim of article is to map the specific research studies, their analysis and interpretation. Authors focused on the effect size of VRET in the fear of flying, acrophobia and social phobia treatment. They close that VRET has demonstrable effect on effectiveness of anxious disorders treatment., Jan Šmahaj, Roman Procházka., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Tomato samples were collected from the field of Absheron peninsula in Azerbaijan in order to evaluate the incidence of main Tobamoviruses. According to results of serological and molecular tests, Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV), Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), and Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) were detected as single and mixed infections (TMV + PMMoV; ToMV + PMMoV) in various tomato samples. It was found that Tobamovirus infection caused an increase in the content of malondialdehyde, alterations in the activities of peroxidase enzymes and quantitative and qualitative changes in their molecular isoforms. A comparison of thylakoid membrane polypeptides from virus-infected leaves indicated a decrease in the content of the thylakoid membrane polypeptides with molecular masses of 123, 55, 47, 33, 28-24, 17, and 15 kD. PSII efficiency and the content of chlorophylls (a and b) were significantly lower in the virus-infected leaves., I. M. Huseynova, S. M. Mirzayeva, N. F. Sultanova, D. R. Aliyeva, N. Sh. Mustafayev, J. A. Aliyev., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Mechanical behavior of biological structures under dynamic loading generally depends on elastic as well as viscous properties of biological materials. The significance of “viscous” parameters in real situations remains to be elucidated. Behavior of rheological models consisting of a combination of inertial body and two Voigt’s bodies were described mathematically with respect to inverse problem solution, and behavior in impulse and harmonic loadings was analyzed. Samples of walls of porcine and human aorta thoracica in transverse direction and samples of human bone (caput femoris, substantia compacta) were measured. Deformation responses of human skin in vivo were also measured. Values of elastic moduli of porcine aorta walls were in the interval from 102 kPa to 103 kPa, values of viscous coefficients were in the interval from 102 Pa.s to 103 Pa.s. The value of shear stress moduli of human caput femoris, substantia compacta range from 52.7 to 161.1 MPa, and viscous coefficients were in the interval from 27.3 to 98.9 kPa.s. The role of viscous coefficients is significant for relatively high loading frequencies - in our materials above 8 Hz in aorta walls and 5 Hz for bones. In bones, the viscosity reduced maximum deformation corresponding to short rectangular stress., M. Kuchařová, S. Ďoubal, P. Klemera, P. Rejchrt, M. Navrátil., and Obsahuje bibliografii