The article focuses on the results of analyses of sociological research on how housing conditions affect the intended labour migration in the Czech Republic. The aim of the article is mainly to show, in reference to studies published in advanced countries, the effect of a housing tenure on the internal labour migration in the Czech environment. For this purpose the authors use a combination of quantitative and qualitative sociological methods (questionnaire surveys, focus groups). The results of the multi-dimensional logit models and the conclusions drawn from focus groups records indicate that housing tenure has a very significant effect on potential internal labour migration, even after controlling for the effect of other factors related to labour migration. This finding should be of substantial significance for the future direction of housing policy in the Czech Republic.
Studie TOPCAT byla studií sledující vliv spironolaktonu u chronického srdečního selhání se zachovalou ejekční frakcí levé komory. Studie nezjistila ovlivnění primárního cíle studie, tj. kombinace kardiovaskulární mortality, zvládnuté srdeční zástavy nebo hospitalizace pro léčbu srdečního selhání. Jediným nálezem studie byl pokles hospitalizací pro srdeční selhání. Post-hoc analýza však zjistila nápadný rozdíl mezi pacienty z Amerik (USA, Kanada, Argentina, Brazílie) a pacienty z Ruska/Gruzínska. Rozdíly byly veskrze nápadné. Zatímco u pacientů z Amerik došlo k významnému snížení výskytu primárního cíle, kardiovaskulární mortality a hospitalizace pro srdeční selhání léčbou spironolaktonem, výskyt všech klinických příhod byl výrazně nižší v Rusku/Gruzii, a u pacientů z Ruska/Gruzie nebyl zjistitelný žádný zjistitelný dopad spironolaktonu na jakýkoliv cíl. Tato post-hoc analýza tedy ukázala na možný léčebný účinek spironolaktonu v Amerikách, jakož i v populacích vykazujících obdobné vlastnosti jako populace v Amerikách. Většina prací se spokojuje s definicí opírající se jen o srdeční selhání se zachovalou ejekční frakcí levé komory. Práce upozorňuje na nutnost zpřesnění této definice, která se musí také opírat o změny diastolické funkce levé komory při definici diastolického srdečního selhání., The TOPCAT study followed the effect of spironolactone on a chronic heart failure with a preserved left ventricular ejection fraction. The study did not find any impact on the primary goal of the study, i.e. a combination of cardiovascular mortality, managed cardiac arrest or hospitalization rate for heart failure treatment. The only finding of the study was the decrease in hospitalization rates for a heart failure. A post hoc analysis, however, identified a significant difference between patients from the Americas (USA, Canada, Argentina, Brazil) on the one hand and those from Russia/Georgia on the other. The differences were rather striking. Whereas the former manifested a significant reduction in the incidence of the primary goal, i.e. cardiovascular mortality and hospitalization with heart failure through treatment with spironolactone, the incidence of all clinical events was considerably lower in Russia/Georgia and no impact of spironolactone at all on any of the goals was identified regarding the patients from Russia/Georgia. This post hoc analysis therefore suggested a possible therapeutic effect of spironolactone in the Americas, as well as in the populations of similar characteristics. Most studies accept a definition only based on the heart failure with a preserved left ventricular ejection fraction. The study points to the need to further elaborate this definition which also has to consider changes of the left ventricular diastolic function when defining a diastolic heart failure., and Jiří Widimský Sr
The article compares the level of dependence of four justice ideologies on the structural position of an individual and his/her personal traits. First, the theoretical concept of distributive justice is introduced within the framework of GridGroup Theory. Second, Czech public opinion of justice is analysed with data from the ISJP 2006 survey. Egalitarianism is the most structurally embedded ideology that is infl uenced by all socio-demographic attributes. Nevertheless, psychological factors affect the other ideologies to some extent. Ascriptivism is more characteristic of extroversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness; individualism of openness to experience; fatalism of closeness to experience. Against structural effects, the psychological dimension does not yield considerable improvement in the explanation of justice ideologies., Jiří Šafr, Ivo Bayer., and Seznam literatury
V tomto článku jsou uvedeny výsledky analýzy náhodné drsnosti spodních rozhraní oxidových vrstev vytvořených termickou oxidací povrchů monokrystalů GaAs, které byly získány pomocí mikroskopie atomové síly. Z výsledků této analýzy provedené na drsných površích GaAs vzniklých po rozpuštění oxidových vrstev je zřejmé, že tato spodní rozhraní jsou značně drsná a že jejich zdrsňování probíhá hlavně v počátečních stadiích oxidace, tj. v intervalu oxidačních časů od 0 do 4 hodin. Dále je ukázáno, že zdrsňování spodních rozhraní je silně závislé i na teplotě oxidace a že k nejvýraznějšímu zdrsňování dochází při teplotách oxidace okolo 500° C. Navíc je ukázáno, že drsná spodní rozhraní mají normální (gaussovský) charakter. and Ivan Ohlídal, Petr Klapetek, Daniel Franta.
As the probability to marry is stratified and differs for people with certain characteristics, it can be expected that some marriages are more likely to end in divorce than others. Among others in the literature the divorce risk factors are often mentioned: too low or too high age, marriage, educational level (low or high education) or educational or age heterogamy. This article describes the effects of age and education of both spouses and their combinations (heterogamy or homogamy) on the stability of marriage in the Czech Republic between 1994 and 2007. Analysis (using event history analysis) is based on data from the Czech Statistical Office and examines those individuals who entered into marriage in 1994. Although, the effect of age at marriage itself is found to be weak, the interaction between age at marriage for men and women exhibits more significant effects. The relationship between education and divorce risk takes the form of an inverted U: people with basic education and people with higher education have the lowest risk of divorce. The assumption of greater stability among homogamous couples is not observed; however, the probability of divorce is higher among heterogamous marriages where the woman is older or has higher education than man., Petr Pakosta., and Obsahuje bibliografii
This paper focuses on the issue of surveying older people. Increasing interest in the issue of ageing and old age has been accompanied by infrequent debate on the methodological pitfalls that might influence research into this specific, albeit very heterogeneous population. Interviewers routinely complete post-interview questions that provide important information on such criteria as respondent difficulty in answering the questions posed. This article examines such difficulty in terms of interviewer and respondent characteristics. It investigates three potential explanations of why interviewers judge an interview as difficult: (1) interviewer characteristics (age and gender), (2) socio-demographic characteristics of the respondent and (3) respondents’ sense of well-being. The data used in this study were obtained from four surveys conducted with older people in the Czech Republic between 2007 and 2011. These surveys explored ageing and old age. The findings show the crucial importance of respondents’ sense of well-being and level of education. No interviewer age or gender effects were observed., Marcela Petrová Kafková., and Obsahuje bibliografii
„Velké druhy“ racků je označení zahrnující racky z druhového komplexu racka bělohlavého (Larus cachinnans), racka středomořského (L. michahelis) a racka stříbřitého (L. argentatus). Jejich populace v Evropě a Severní Americe za posledních ca 50 let značně narostly. Šíření tak oportunistických druhů vyvolalo obavy z jejich možného negativního vlivu na biodiverzitu, početnost a hnízdní úspěšnost jiných druhů vodního ptactva. Naskýtá se otázka, zda je vhodné začít velké druhy racků na našem území potlačovat, a pokud ano, jaká opatření by bylo vhodné zavést., The populations of „large gulls“ from the species complex Larus cachinnans, L. michahelis and L. argentatus have undergone a widespread demographic increase in the last 50 years, particularly in Europe and North America. The spread of such opportunistic species can negatively influence biodiversity and the breeding success of other bird species breeding at the same site. The question of population control and different methods used is nowadays also a frequently discussed topic in the Czech and Slovak Republics., and Hana Latková.