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3343. Nikotin a vývoj člověka, opomíjený prvek v diskusi o elektronických cigaretách

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model:article, article, Text, and TEXT
Subject:
nikotin--škodlivé účinky, kouření - pomůcky při odvykání, kouření--mortalita--prevence a kontrola--škodlivé účinky--terapie, klinické zkoušky jako téma, prenatální poškození, poruchy vyvolané užíváním tabáku, mladiství, poškození plic, lidé, těhotenství, plod, ženské pohlaví, mužské pohlaví, postižení mozku, omezení dostupnosti cigaret, and e-cigareta
Language:
Czech
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

3347. NOD2/CARD15 mutations and the risk of reoperation in patients with Crohn’s disease

Creator:
Martínek, Lubomír, Kupka, Tomáš, Šimová, Jarmila, Klvaňa, Pavel, Bojková, Martina, Uvírová, Magdalena, Dítě, Petr, Dvořáčková, Jana, Hoch, Jiří, and Zonča, Pavel
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Type:
model:article, article, Text, and TEXT
Subject:
lidé, lidé středního věku, mladiství, mladý dospělý, mužské pohlaví, staří, ženské pohlaví, retrospektivní studie, prospektivní studie, Crohnova nemoc--genetika--chirurgie, reoperace--statistika a číselné údaje, recidiva, polymorfismus genetický, signální adaptorový protein Nod2--genetika, fenotyp, homozygot, hodnocení rizik--statistika a číselné údaje, and dospělí
Language:
Czech and English
Description:
Úvod: Tři jednonukleotidové polymorfismy (SNP) v NOD2/CARD15 genu (3020insC, R702W, G908R) jsou pro Crohnovu chorobu významným rizikovým faktorem. Jejich diagnostické a terapeutické využití v klinické praxi je však doposud limitované. Cílem studie byla analýza možné asociace těchto polymorfismů s rizikem reoperací a posouzenísouvislosti s fenotypem onemocnění. Metody: U 76 pacientů s Crohnovou chorobou a minimální délkou trvání nemoci 5 let byly testovány tři sekvenční varianty NOD2/CARD15 genu (R702W, G908R, 3020insC). Anamnestická a klinická data, včetně chirurgické léčby byly retrospektivně získány ze zdravotnické dokumentace a prospektivně doplňovány podle protokolu studie. Analyzovány byly souvislosti mezi vybranými genovými polymorfismy, nutností reoperací a fenotypem nemoci. Výsledky: U 24 pacientů (32 %) se našla alespoň jedna sledovaná varianta v NOD2/CARD15 genu. 25 pacientů (33 %) bylo reoperováno, 51 (67 %) představovalo kontrolní skupinu. Trend vyšší četnosti reoperací ve skupině s genovou mutací nedosáhl statistické významnosti (p=0,2688). Dva ze čtyř homozygotů (50 %) nesoucích variantu 3020insC byli opakovaně operováni. Neprokázali jsme signifikantní rozdíly mezi soubory s wild formou a mutovanou formou NOD2/8CARD15 genu s ohledem na věk v době diagnózy (p=0,4356), formu onemocnění (p=0,6610) a lokalizaci (p=0,4747) podle Montrealské klasifikace. Závěr: Polymorfismy v NOD2/CARD genu signifikantně neovlivnily četnost reoperací, homozygoti nesoucí mutaci 3020insC genu však představovali vysoce rizikovou skupinu. Fenotyp onemocnění signifikantně nesouvisel s přítomností vyšetřovaných sekvenčních variant., Introduction: Three NOD2/CARD15 gene variants (3020insC, R702W, G908R) have been identified as genetic risk factors for Crohn’s disease patients. However the diagnostic and therapeutic relevance for clinical practice remains limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between these variants, the risk of reoperation and disease phenotype. Methods: In 76 Crohn’s disease patients (41 female, 35 male) with a minimum 5 year follow-up, three polymorphisms of the NOD2/CARD15 gene (R702W, G908R, 3020insC) were tested. Detailed clinical and medical history including surgical procedures and reoperations were obtained by reviewing the medical charts and completed prospectively. Association between the need for reoperation, disease phenotypes and gene variants were analyzed. Results: 24 patients (32%) showed at least one NOD2/CARD15 mutation. 25 patients (33%) required reoperation, 51 (67%) represented the control group. The expected trend that patients with NOD2/CARD15 variants have a higher frequency of reoperations was not confirmed to a level of statistical significance (p=0.2688). Two of the four patients (50%) with the 3020insC variant required further surgery. We did not confirm any association between NOD2/CARD15 mutations and age at diagnosis (p=0.4356), behavior (p=0.6610), or localization (p=0.4747) according to the Montreal classification. Conclusion: NOD2/CARD15 polymorphisms did not significantly affect the reoperation rate. Homozygosity for the 3020insC variant in the NOD2/CARD15 gene is associated with a high risk of reoperation. NOD2/CARD15 gene variants are not significantly associated with specific disease phenotypes., and L. Martínek, T. Kupka, J. Šimová, P. Klvaňa, M. Bojková, M. Uvírová, P. Dítě, J. Dvořáčková, J. Hoch, P. Zonča
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

3348. Non-adherence in seniors with dementia - a serious problem of routine clinical practice

Creator:
Lužný, Jan, Ivanová, Kateřina, and Juríčková, Lubica
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Type:
model:article, article, Text, časopisecké články, and TEXT
Subject:
staří, staří nad 80 let, demence--terapie, ženské pohlaví, lidé, mužské pohlaví, spolupráce pacienta--statistika a číselné údaje, prevalence, and prospektivní studie
Language:
English
Description:
Background: Non-adherence to treatment in seniors with dementia is a frequent and potentially dangerous phenomenon in routine clinical practice which might lead to the inappropriate treatment of a patient, including the risk of intoxication. There might be different causes of non-adherence in patients with dementia: memory impairment, sensory disturbances, limitations in mobility, economical reasons limiting access to health care and medication. Non-adherence leads to serious clinical consequences as well as being a challenge for public health. Aim: to estimate prevalence of non-adherence in seniors with dementia and to study correlation between cognitive decline and non-adherence. Subjects and Methods: Prospective study, analyzing medical records of seniors with dementia admitted to the inpatient psychogeriatric ward in the Kromeriz mental hospital from January 2010 to January 2011. Cognitive decline measured by MMSE, prevalence of Non-adherence to treatment and reasons for patient Non-adherence were studied. Results: Non-adherence to any treatment was detected in 31.3% of seniors; memory impairment was the most common cause of non-adherence to treatment. Conclusion: In conclusion, non-adherence to treatment in the studied group of seniors with dementia correlates with the severity of cognitive impairment – a higher cognitive decline correlates with a higher risk of non-adherence to treatment. and J. Lužný, K. Ivanová, L. Juríčková
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

3349. Non-invasive ocular rigidity measurement: a differential tonometry approach

Creator:
Detorakis, Efstathios T., Tsaglioti, Emmanuela, and Kymionis, George
Format:
print, text, and regular print
Type:
model:article, article, Text, časopisecké články, and TEXT
Subject:
algoritmy, katarakta--ultrasonografie, studie proveditelnosti, ženské pohlaví, lidé, nitrooční tlak, mužské pohlaví, reprodukovatelnost výsledků, and tonometrie oční--metody
Language:
English
Description:
PURPOSE: Taking into account the fact that Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT) geometrically deforms the corneal apex and displaces volume from the anterior segment whereas Dynamic Contour Tonometry (DCT) does not, we aimed at developing an algorithm for the calculation of ocular rigidity (OR) based on the differences in pressure and volume between deformed and non-deformed status according to the general Friedenwald principle of differential tonometry. METHODS: To avoid deviations of GAT IOP from true IOP in eyes with corneas different from the "calibration cornea" we applied the previously described Orssengo-Pye algorithm to calculate an error coefficient "C/B". To test the feasibility of the proposed model, we calculated the OR coefficient (r) in 17 cataract surgery candidates (9 males and 8 females). RESULTS: The calculated r according to our model (mean ± SD, range) was 0.0174 ± 0.010 (0.0123-0.022) mmHg/μL. A negative statistically significant correlation between axial length and r was detected whereas correlations between r and other biometric parameters examined were statistically not significant. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed method may prove a valid non-invasive tool for the measurement method of OR, which could help in introducing OR in the decision-making of the routine clinical practice. and E. T. Detorakis, E. Tsaglioti, G. Kymionis
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

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