INTRODUCTION: Cellulitis remains a very serious disease even today. Mortality, which varied between 10-40%, has been reduced owing to the standard securing of airway patency and use of an appropriate surgical treatment approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 195 patients were hospitalised for cellulitis at the University Hospital in Hradec Králové during 2007-2011. The following parameters were evaluated: age, gender, dependence of incidence of the disease on the season of the year, frequency of attacks of the particular areas and their clinical characteristics, aetiology of the inflammation, types of patient complaints, prevalence of current systemic diseases, results of microbiological and selected laboratory analyses, socio-economic status of the patients, and duration of patient stay at the hospital. Statistical analysis was performed by using Pearson's correlation coefficient, the statistical significance level was p < 0.05. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 39.8 years. The group of 195 patients included 108 (55%) males and 87 (45%) females. The mean time between the first symptoms of the disease and admission to the Department was 5 days. From among the 195 patients, 116 (59.5%) were working persons, 79 (40.5%) were non-working (children, students, unemployed persons, women on maternity leave, retired people). The odontogenic origin of the disease was verified in 173 (88.7%) patients. In total, 65 (33.3%) patients had no coinciding complicating systemic disease, 22 (11.3%) patients had diabetes mellitus. The most frequent symptom of cellulitis was painful swelling, found in 194 (99.5%) patients, followed by jaw contracture, found in 153 (78.5%) patients. CONCLUSION: The results are largely very similar to those of previous studies performed in other countries, except that we found no correlation between the prevalence of cellulitis and the socio-economic status, nor have we confirmed Klebsiella pneumoniae sp. as the cause of cellulitis in patients with diabetes mellitus. and H. Doležalová, J. Zemek, L. Tuček
Úvod: Dekubity u paraplegiků představují náročný problém vedoucí k opakovaným hospitalizacím, mnohonásobným operacím a potenciálně devastujícím komplikacím Metody: Přehledový článek. Výsledky: Uvádíme možnosti rekonstrukčních operací ischiadických, sakrálních a trochanterických dekubitů a vlastní zkušenost s lalokovými plastikami takových dekubitů u pacientů operovaných v průběhu tří let. Závěr: Zdůrazňujeme univerzálnost a spolehlivost gluteálního laloku, nezbytnost kvalitní předoperační přípravy a pooperační péče., Introduction: Pressure ulcers in spinal cord injury represent a challenging problem that often leads to recurrent hospitalizations, multiple surgeries, and potentially devastating complications. Methods: Review article. Results: The paper presents possible types of reconstructive surgery of ischial, sacral and trochanteric pressure ulcers and our own experience with procedures of such pressure ulcers done in three years. Conclusion: We emphasize the versatility and reliability of gluteus maximus musculocutaneus flaps and the importance of preoperative preparation and postoperative care., and L. Mrňa, L. Frajer, J. Hoch, V. Hyšperská
Úvod: Delirium jako projev mozkové dysfunkce je častá komplikace u kriticky nemocných. Kritické onemocnění představuje nezávislý rizikový faktor pro výskyt delirantních stavů. Prevalence deliria se u kriticky nemocných pohybuje mezi 11 a 87 %. Delirium je poddiagnostikováno, ačkoli významně zhoršuje prognózu. Cílem naší práce je podpořit zavedení skríningového testu deliria CAM‑ICU (The Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit) do běžné praxe a tím umožnit jeho včasnou diagnostiku, prevenci a léčbu.> Metody: Prospektivní hodnocení incidence deliria a rizikových faktorů jeho rozvoje u pacientů přijatých na šestilůžkovou JIP v období únor až červen 2014. Delirium bylo vyšetřováno metodou CAM‑ICU. Použili jsme českou verzi testu brněnské skupiny autorů. U všech pacientů jsme hodnotili rizikové faktory (preexistující a precipitující). Ke zhodnocení jsme použili Fisherův exaktní test (u kategoriálních znaků) a dvouvýběrový Wilcoxonův pořadový test (u numerických znaků). U všech testů byla použita hladina významnosti p = 0,05. Závěr: Ze 142 pacientů bylo delirium hodnotitelné u 125 pacientů. Pro nemožnost vyšetření deliria CAM‑ICU testem vzhledem k perzistujícímu kómatu a jednou pro jazykovou bariéru bylo vyloučeno 17 pacientů. Incidence deliria dosáhla 31,2 %. Šlo o smíšenou populaci pacientů traumatologických, chirurgických a interních s mediánem APACHE II (Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Evaluation) rovným 12. Vyšší riziko rozvoje deliria je u pacientů s primárně interním onemocněním a po traumatu ve srovnání s pacienty chirurgickými. Výskyt deliria ovlivňuje tíha onemocnění (APACHE II), užití analgosedace, vazopresorů. Delirantní pacienti pobývali na JIP déle, rovněž potřeba umělé plicní ventilace byla vyšší. Klíčová slova: delirium – diagnostické testy – jednotka intenzivní péče – rizikové faktory preexistující – rizikové faktory precipitující – preventivní přístup, Introduction: Delirium, as a manifestation of acute brain dysfunction, is a frequent complication in critical care patients. Any critical disorder is an independent risk factor for development of delirium. The prevalence of delirium in critically ill patients has been reported between 11 and 87%. Delirium is under-diagnosed even though it significantly worsens patient prognosis. The aim of our study was to support regular use of the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU), in order to facilitate early diagnostics, prevention and treatment of delirium. Method: A prospective study of the incidence of delirium as well as risk factors for its development in patients admitted to six-bed ICU from February to June 2014. All patients were assessed for predisposing and precipitating risk factors using the Czech version of CAM-ICU. Fisher’s Exact Test and Wilcoxon Rank-Sum were performed with the significance level of 0.05. Results: Delirium was diagnosed in 125 of the overall group of 142 patients. Seventeen patients were excluded from the study as they could not be assessed (16 due to prolonged coma, one due to language barrier). The incidence of delirium reached 31.2%. Within the study group consisting of surgical, medical and trauma patients with the median APACHE II score of 12, medical and trauma patients were more likely to develop delirium than surgical ones. Development of delirium was associated with the severity of the disease (APACHE II score), use of sedatives, analgesics and vasopressors. Delirious patients stayed longer at the ICU and they showed higher need for artificial ventilation. Key words: delirium – diagnostic tests – intensive care units – predisposing risk factors – precipitating risk factors – prevention The authors declare they have no potential conflicts of interest concerning drugs, products, or services used in the study. The Editorial Board declares that the manuscript met the ICMJE “uniform requirements” for biomedical papers., and M. Káňová, M. Burda, J. Povová, J. Neiser
BACKGROUND: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) continues to be a serious health issue and one of the world most devastating epidemics. An estimated 1.5 million people died from AIDS-related illnesses in 2013, and an estimated 37 million people with AIDS have died worldwide since the epidemic has begun. HIV infection is known for its oral manifestations which causes discomfort and pain for infected individuals. The objective of this study was to document oral conditions of HIV positive patients and the pattern and frequency of oral and dental lesions. METHODS: All patients with confirmed HIV infection who were treated at the Department of Dentistry, University Hospital in Hradec Králové, were examined. RESULTS: During the study period, 29 HIV positive patients were examined and treated--19 men, 10 women, with mean age of 32.9 years (range 22-58 years). 72.41% patients received ART. In total, all patients underwent 186 visits. The most frequent treatments were associated with teeth and periodontal lesions (71.80%), oral mucosal lesions were diagnosed and treated only in 3.96% cases. CONCLUSION: Since the introduction of ART, the frequency of oral mucosal lesions is minimal in patients with HIV infection. and M. Šembera, V. Radochová, R. Slezák
BACKGROUND: The goal of this prospective study was to determine the frequency of micrometastases in patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral cavity, pharynx and larynx in whom elective neck dissection was indicated (cN0). PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 12 patients (10 males and 2 females) were enrolled in the study. The age ranged 42-73 years (median 62 years). Elective neck dissection was performed in all patients (8 ipsilateral, 4 bilateral) and a total of 256 lymph nodes were removed and sent for microscopic examination. RESULTS: The presence of tumor cells in cervical lymph nodes was found in 5/12 (42%) patients. Micrometastases of SCC were found in two patients and isolated tumor cells (ITC) in two other patients. In the remaining one patient with oropharyngeal SCC, a micrometastasis of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) was detected. Positive lymph nodes were localized in level II in three patients with SCC of larynx, hypopharynx and tongue base, respectively, in level I in one patient with SCC of oral tongue and in level III in one patient with PTC. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that SCC of head and neck has a high potential for creating micrometastases which frequency is higher compared to clinically detected macrometastases. Therefore, elective neck dissection or radiotherapy of the neck should be considered in patients with high risk of occult metastases or micrometastases. and P. Čelakovský, D. Kalfeřt, K. Smatanová, V. Chrobok, J. Laco
AIM: The purpose of this study was to develop a revised version of the Brief Bedside Dysphagia Screening Test for determining penetration/aspiration risk in patients prone to dysphagia. The priority was to achieve high sensitivity and negative predictive value. METHODS: The study screeners conducted bedside assessment of the swallowing function in 157 patients with a neurological (mainly stroke) or an ear, nose, and throat diagnosis (mainly head and neck cancer). The results were compared with a gold standard, flexible endoscopic examination of swallowing. RESULTS: For the neurological subgroup (N = 106), eight statistically significant bedside assessment items were combined into the Brief Bedside Dysphagia Screening Test-Revised (BBDST-R). Cut-off score 1 produced the highest sensitivity (95.5%; 95% confidence interval CI [CI]: 84.9-98.7%) and negative predictive value (88.9%; 95% CI 67.2-96.9%). CONCLUSION: The BBDST-R is suitable for dysphagia screening in departments caring for patients with neurological conditions. and P. Mandysová, E. Ehler, J. Škvrňáková, M. Černý, I. Bártová, A. Pellant
Článek je věnován jedné z mikrovaskulárních komplikací diabetu – diabetické polyneuropatii. Zabývá se jí komplexně od příčin, přes výskyt, její klasifikaci, možností diagnostiky, rizika, která pro své nositele představuje, až po možnosti terapie., The paper deals with one of microvascular complications of diabetes - diabetic polyneuropathy. It is discussed comprehensively from its causes, incidence, its classification and diagnostic possibilities to the risks it entails for patients and therapeutic possibilities., and Jindřich Olšovský