Assaultive acts committed by people with a mental illness is a major public health issue that affects patients with their families, law enforcement authorities, and the public at large. Failure to provide treatment is in fact a major predictor of assaultive acts in patients with schizophrenia living in the community. Considering that the indigenous ethnic groups of Central Asia have similar sociocultural characteristics, these factors may be reflected in individuals with schizophrenia who have committed serious assaultive acts in Uzbekistan. Objectives: The aim of the work was to identify the sociocultural and clinical characteristics of schizophrenic representatives of indigenous ethnic groups of Central Asia who have committed violent crimes in Uzbekistan and have been found insane in regard to their offence, and to compare these subjects to ones belonging to the other ethnic groups. Material and methods: The data were collected in 2010–2013 in the Tashkent High Security Psychiatric Hospital via face-to-face interviews and also from the patients’ charts and from forensic psychiatric examination statements. Results: The sample consisted of 201 individuals. The sample was 90.1 percent (n = 181) male, with a predominance of the paranoid schizophrenia subtype according to the ICD-10 criteria. Of the subjects, 174 ones (86.6%) were representatives of the indigenous ethnic groups of Central Asia, and 27 ones (13.4%) were representatives of other ethnic groups. The duration of illness among the subjects belonging to the indigenous ethnic groups of Central Asia was less than in the other group; the individuals were rarely referred to psychiatric care because of the popularity of alternative medicine and the stigma attached to mental illness. A positive correlation between violence and various psychotic symptoms, such as delusions, hallucinations, and thought disorder, has also been demonstrated in this group. European Medical, Health and Pharmaceutical Journal ISSN 1804-5804 Conclusions: Sociocultural characteristics, such as delayed referral for psychiatric care because of the popularity of alternative medicine and the stigma attached to mental illness among the indigenous ethnic groups of Central Asia, frequently factor into committing serious acts of assault because of developing psychotic symptoms at the early stages of disease despite their sufficient socioenvironmental adaptation., Saida Yеshimbetova, Bulat Chembaev, and Literatura
Comparative assessment of clinical efficiency of omeprazole and rabeprazole in treating gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). 65 patients with a verified diagnosis GERD were examined. Comparative clinical investigations of using of omeprazole and rabeprazole have revealed effectiveness of both drugs in the therapy of GERD. However, rabeprazole showed antisecretory action in the earlier periods, providing stable clinical remission of GERD and early scarring of erosive lesions of the esophageal mucosa, compared with omeprazole., Mirvasit Karimov, Abdujabar Akhmatkhodjaev, and Literatura
The target of research was the implementation of the comparative analysis of conservative therapy of preparation of basic therapy and also new methods of treatment (anticytokine therapy). Appointment of salofalk in twos tablets (0, 5) 34 times a day per os, and also 2,0 gr in the form of a rectal enema unitary for a period of seven days, then had transferd the patients to reception 2,0 gr salofalk per os, allowed to achieve substantial improvement patients cliniclaboratory and endoscopic symptoms with a heavy intensification of ulcer colitis variation, providing full cliniclabaratory remissions achievements of disease at 8 (34 %) patients. In the Minister of the Uzbek Public Health of the Republican Science Coloproctological Center at 10 patients with the IDI have spent the therapy remicade, 7 of them had NUC and 3 patients had the Crohn's disease. Therefore, all patients no longer than on the first week after introduction of remicade had improvement of a course disease which was expressed in defering stool, extinction or reduction of pathological impurity in excrement and subsidence bellyaches. During colonoscopical inspection, in 1218 weeks after the first infusion at 80% of the patients had observed disappearance of ulcers and erosion. In terms of 6 months of supervision of relapse of disease was not noted. All new directions in treatment of the IDI, apparently, are perspective, but while are proved only theoretically and had no practical development. Unique and enough effective and safe method at the IDI and already has clinical acknowledgement is remicade., Matkarimov S. R., Rustamov A. E., Rahmonov S. T., and Literatura
Seminal vesicle secretion is important for increasing the stability of sperm chromatin, inhibition of the immune activity in the female reproductive tract and so on. Metronidazole (MTZ), a drug used for treatment of infections caused by anaerobic bacteria and protozoa, may have negative effects on the genital gland including the seminal vesicles. Curcumin exhibits antioxidant as well as anti-inflammatory properties. The present study aims to evaluate the negative effects of MTZ on the seminal vesicle structure and ameliorative effects of curcumin using stereological methods. Thirty balb/c mice were divided into six groups. The control group was received distilled water. The second and the third received higher doses of MTZ (500 mg/kg body weight/day) and MTZ (500 mg/kg/day) + 100 mg/kg/day curcumin, respectively. The fourth and the fifth were treated with lower doses of MTZ (165 mg/kg body weight/day) and MTZ (165 mg/kg body weight/day) + curcumin (100 mg/kg body weight/day), respectively. The sixth group received 100 mg/kg body weight/day curcumin. All the administrations were done by oral gavages for 14 days. After 30 days, seminal vesicles were removed. Stereological study of the seminal vesicle structure revealed a significant reduction in gland and vesicular fluid volume in MTZ-treated (higher or lower doses) animals. Curcumin protected the reduction of both parameters in therapeutic-dose treated animals. Metronidazole treatment does not induce structural changes in the seminal gland; however, it can have a significant impact on its secretion ability. Importantly, these deteriorations might be preventable by curcumin co-treatment., Ali Noorafshan, Saied Karbalay‑Doust, and Literatura 30
Colonic polyps and polyposis are studied in 183 patients. It has been found, that sensitivity of rectoscopy is 66.7%, irrigoscopy 61.1%, virtual colonoscopy computeraided tomography of colon (VCCATC) 79.1%. Endoscopic polypectomy was the main treatment method used in patents with colonic polyps and polyposis (18.6%). In cases of surgical treatment (57.9%) in patients with total involvement of colon colproctectomy with formation of ileal reservoir can be considered as the method of choice., Sapaev D. A., Navruzov S. N., Rakhmanov S. T., Kurbonov O. A., Mirzakhmedov M. M., and Literatura
Práce prezentuje prenatální diagnostiku, možnosti terapie a následnou péči u plodů a novorozenců s kongenitálním chylothoraxem na podkladě zhodnocení 14 případů na naší klinice v letech 1993 až 2012. Povšechný hydrops plodu byl popsán ve 4 případech (29 %), v 10 případech (71 %) byla provedena odlehčovací amniodrenáž a ve 3 případech (21 %) prenatální odlehčovací punkce hrudníku. Spontánně bylo porozeno 11 plodů (78 %), hrudní drenáž byla nezbytná v průměru 9 dnů po porodu. Mortalita dosáhla v souboru 29 % (4 případy). V článku popisujeme vyšetřovací algoritmy, terapeutické prenatální i postnatální postupy a je zdůrazněna nutnost mezioborové spolupráce., The work presents prenatal diagnosis, treatment and care options in fetuses and neonates with congenital chylothorax based on a detailed evaluation of 14 cases recorded in our department between years 1993 and 2012. Generalized fetal hydrops was described in 29% of cases, therapeutic amnio drainage performed in 71% and prenatal thoracentesis in 21% of cases. 78% of fetuses were delivered spontaneously; thoracic drainage was necessary nine days after birth in average. Mortality reached 29%. The following text describes diagnostic algorithms, prenatal and postnatal therapeutic options with emphasis on the need for interdisciplinary cooperation., Alena Malkovská, Zdeněk Žižka, Andrea Pašková, Václav Sebroň, Pavel Calda, and Literatura
In this paper a longitudinal study is presented of age-dependent speech acoustic characteristics from the utterances of Czech actresses, acquired from movie databases recorded in the years from 1985 to 2014. The age dependence of phonation is analyzed using the parameters fundame ntal frequency, jitter, and shimmer. For assessment of articulation, the formant-based voice area index of vocals and the length of the burst from apalatal stop consonant isused. For prosody, no characteristics were found that were applicable to the analysis of film archives. The results of age dependencies described by the phonetic categories are consistent with the assumptions and conclusions presented in the literature. This pilot project also confirms the possibility of creating valuable studies from publicly available sources., Roman Čmejla, Jarmila Behenská, Tereza Tykalová, Jan Rusz, and Literatura
Cieľ: Cieľom štúdie bolo preskúmať, ako sestry vnímajú svoju úroveň dôstojného prístupu k pacientom v domovoch sociálnych služieb (DSS) a identifikovať, či existujú významné vzťahy medzi úrovňou dôstojného prístupu k pacientom v DSS a demografickými znakmi (vek sestier, dĺžka praxe, vzdelanie a pod.). Metodika: Výskumný súbor tvorilo 106 sestier pracujúcich v domovoch sociálnych služieb v zriaďovateľskej pôsobnosti Trnavského samosprávneho kraja. Výskum prebiehal v období december 2011 až február 2012. Na zistenie úrovne dôstojného prístupu sme využili autorizovaný dotazník: Posudzovanie etických problémov – dôstojný prístup k pacientovi. Tvorí ho 5 subškál (informovanosť pacientov; autonómia; dodržiavanie dôvernosti a ochrany informácií; princíp spravodlivosti; intimita). Štatistická analýza bola realizovaná softvérom SPSS, verzia 15.0. Výsledky: Svoju úroveň dôstojného prístupu k pacientom v domovoch sociálnych služieb hodnotili sestry ako primeranú. Medzi vnímanou úrovňou dôstojného prístupu sestier a demografickými údajmi boli nízke korelácie. Signifikantne vyššiu úroveň dôstojného prístupu sme zistili u sestier s vyšším vzdelaním (Bc.). Najnižšiu úroveň dôstojného prístupu k pacientom v domovoch sociálnych služieb sme zaznamenali v subškále zameranej na autonómiu pacienta. Záver: Na základe poznania týchto výsledkov môžeme podporovať zmeny, ktoré budú prispievať k zvýšenej kvalite poskytovanej ošetrovateľskej starostlivosti v domovoch sociálnych služieb., Aim: The aim of the study was to examine nurses’ perception of their own level of dignified approach to patients in social care homes and to identify potential statistically significant relationships between the level of dignified approach to patients in social care homes and demographic data (nurses’ age, duration of clinical experience, education etc.). Methods: The sample consisted of 106 nurses working in social care homes run by the Trnava Region. An authorized questionnaire called Assessment of Ethical Issues – Dignified Approach to a Patient was used to determine the level of dignified approach. The questionnaire consisted of five subscales (patient awareness; autonomy; respecting confidentiality; principle of justice; intimacy). Statistical analysis was carried out using the SPSS version 15.0 software. Results: The level of dignified approach to patients in social care homes was self-assessed by nurses as adequate. There was a low correlation between the perceived level of dignified approach to patients and demographic data. Nurses with higher education (bachelor’s degree) demonstrated significantly higher levels of dignified approach. The lowest level of dignified approach was found in the subscale focused on patient autonomy. Conclusion: Based on the knowledge of these results, changes may be promoted that will contribute to increased quality of nursing care provided in social care homes., Silvia Lelkešová, Ingrid Juhásová, and Literatura 19
Cieľ: Výskum bol zameraný na identifikáciu drţania diéty u adolescentných respondentov a niektorých príčin jej drţania vo vzťahu k pohlaviu a veku. Metodika: Na získanie empirických dát boli pouţité vybrané poloţky sebaposudzovacieho meracieho nástroja s názvom Mapovanie stravovacích návykov medzi adolescentmi (The Project EAT Survey, Neumark- Sztainer et al.). Výskumnú vzorku tvorilo 387 adolescentných respondentov, toho času študentov prvých a štvrtých ročníkov stredných škôl. Výsledky: Podľa výsledkov výskumu ţeny častejšie drţia diéty (redukčné alebo pre jej udrţanie) či uţ v minulom roku (p = 0,002) aj v terajšej dobe (p = 0,000). Sú nespokojné so svojou hmotnosťou (p = 0,000) a postavou (p = 0,009). Respondenti vo veku 18 - 20 rokov uviedli, ţe si ich členovia rodiny doberali alebo si robili posmech z ich hmotnosti (p = 0,000). Vyššie percento ţien zaţilo negatívne hodnotenie ich hmotnosti zo strany členov rodiny (27,5 %) a vrstovníkov (33,5 %). Záver: Sestra v klinickej praxi môţe byť nápomocná pri identifikovaní drţania diét u adolescentov a jej príčin z hľadiska prevencie dopadu drţania diét na telesné a duševné zdravie adolescenta a pri realizácii uţ cielených intervencií, napr. edukácie v rámci takto obsahovo zameranej prevencie., Aim: The research was aimed at identifying dieting among adolescent respondents and some of the reasons for its keeping in relation to sex and age. Methods: For obtaining empirical data selected items of self-assessing measuring tool called Mapping dietary habits among adolescents were used (The Project EAT Survey, Neumark-Sztainer et al.). The research sample consisted of 387 adolescent respondents, previously high school students (of the first and fourth study year). Results: According to results of research women more frequently keep a diet (in order to lose weight or keep it the same) in last year (p = 0,002) as well as at present-day period (p = 0,000). They are not satisfied with their weight (p = 0,000) and figure (p = 0,009). Respondents aged 18-20 years reported that their family members have teased or made fun of their weight (p = 0,000). A higher percentage of women had experience a negative evaluation of their weight on the part of the family members (27,5 %) and peers (33,5 %). Conclusion: A nurse in clinical practice can be helpful in identifying dieting among adolescents and its causes in order to prevent the impact of diets on physical and mental health of adolescent and in the implementation of already targeted interventions, e.g. education in the context of the following content targeting prevention., Michaela Miertová, and Literatura 40
In order to study cardiac pathology in different subtypes of ischemic stroke we examined 165 stroke patients. The 1st group included 90 (54.5%) patients with hemodynamic stroke, the 2nd one - 75 (45.5%) patients with cardioembolic stroke. Control group consisted of 45 individuals without cerebrovascular diseases. Cardiac pathologies with the prevalence of various types of ischemic heart disease were observed in all groups. The parameters of left ventricular stroke volume and ejection fraction were lower in patients with hemodynamic stroke than in other groups, but were within normal limits. Potential sources of cardiogenic embolism were found in all groups: in the 1st group at 74.4%, in the 2nd one at 100%. Thus, most patients with ischemic stroke have different heart defects related to the subtypes of ischemic stroke., Natalya Dadamyants, and Literatura