Academic detailing, also known as prescriber support and education, is the service of sending trained clinicians to physicians’ offices in order to present the best available, objective scientific evidence in a given therapeutic area. We describe and review experience with academic detailing programs. We conclude that the academic detailing program could be tried in the Czech Republic, Ludwig O. Dittrich, and Literatura
Cíl: Přezkoumání benefitů metody klokánkování pro nedonošené novorozence, to znamená najít dostatek důkazů pro opodstatnění používání metody klokánkování na Jednotce intenzivní péče pro novorozence. Metodika: Vyhledávání validních indikátorů pozitivního vlivu metody klokánkování prostřednictvím metody praxe založené na důkazech. Pro získání relevantních zdrojů byly využity licencované databáze a volně přístupné databáze - Medline, Bibliomedica, Nursing: Best Evidence for Nursing care, Google Scholar. Výsledky: Analýza výsledků prokázala jednoznačně pozitivní vliv metody klokánkování na nedonošené novorozence umístěné na Jednotce intenzivní péče, a to zejména v oblasti vnímání bolesti u invazivních výkonů, efektivního kojení, zvýšení váhového přírůstku, delšího a klidnějšího spánku, pozitivnější interakce matka – dítě, udržení nebo zvýšení tělesné teploty, zkrácení doby hospitalizace, růstu do délky, růstu obvodu hlavičky a aktivace centrální nervové soustavy. Závěry: Výzkumné studie (n = 34) a jeden systematický přehled ukazují pozitivní vliv metody klokánkování na nedonošeného novorozence umístěného na Jednotce intenzivní péče v oblastech biopsychosociálních. V podmínkách českého zdravotnictví chybí vypracované platné standardy pro využívání metody v praxi., Objective: To review benefits of kangaroo care method for premature babies, it means finding enough evidence to justify using the kangaroo care method in the Intensive care unit for newborns. Methods: Searching for valid indicators of a positive influence method of kangaroo care through method evidence-based practice. To obtain relevant sources were used licensed databases and freely available databases - Medline, Bibliomedica, Nursing: Best Evidence for Nursing care, Google Scholar. Results: Analysis of results showed a clearly positive impact of the kangaroo care methods on premature infants placed in intensive care, especially in the perception of pain in invasive procedures, effective breastfeeding, increased weight gain, longer and quieter sleep, more positive interactions of mother - child, maintaining or increasing body temperature, reduced hospitalization, growth in length, head circumference growth and activation of the CNS. Conclusions: The research studies (n = 34) and one systematic review have shown a positive influence of the kangaroo care methods on premature newborns placed in intensive care in the areas of bio-psycho-social. In terms of the Czech healthcare system lacks established standards for the use of valid methods in practice., Lucie Sikorová, Monika Suszková, and Literatura
Cieľ: Cieľom štúdie bolo posúdiť bolesť, funkčný stav, úzkosť, depresiu, sociálne aktivity a sociálnu oporu u seniorov s reumatoidnou artritídou (RA) a ich vzájomné vzťahy, posúdiť možné rozdiely vzhľadom na pohlavie, rodinný stav, vek, trvanie ochorenia a komorbiditu. Metódy: U 60 seniorov s RA bola posudzovaná intenzita bolesti vizuálnou analógovou škálou (VAS), funkčná disabilita Stanfordským dotazníkom hodnotiacim zdravie indexom disability (HAQ-DI), úzkosť Beckovým inventárom úzkosti (BAI), depresia Zungovým sebahodnotiacim dotazníkom depresie (SDS) a sociálna interakcia škálou sociálnych aktivít (SA) a sociálnej opory (SO) nástroja Škály merania vplyvu chorôb kĺbov 2 (AIMS2). Výsledky: U seniorov s RA bolo zistené pociťovanie priemerne silnej bolesti, stredná až ťažká funkčná disabilita, prežívanie stredne silnej úzkosti a depresie, obmedzovanie v spoločenských aktivitách. Vo vnímaní sociálnej opory bolo zistené najlepšie skóre. Medzi sledovanými premennými boli Pearsonovou koreláciou zistené väčšinou signifikantné (P ≤ 0,05) kladné slabé až silné vzťahy. Medzi pohlaviami neboli zaznamenané rozdiely. Horšie skóre (P ≤ 0,05) bolo zistené v oblasti prežívania úzkosti a vo vnímanej sociálnej opore u osamelo žijúcich seniorov oproti seniorom žijúcim v manželskom zväzku. Štatisticky významný pozitívny vzťah (P ≤ 0,05) sa potvrdil medzi vekom a prežívaním úzkosti, medzi trvaním ochorenia a depresiou, medzi komorbiditou a funkčným stavom a depresiou. Záver: Ako naznačujú výsledky, prioritou v starostlivosti o túto skupinu seniorov by nemalo byť iba zmierňovanie bolesti a zlepšovanie/udržiavanie funkčných schopností, ale aj redukcia úzkosti a depresie, a to o to viac, čím sú seniori starší, čím u nich trvá ochorenie dlhšie, s komorbiditou a tiež u osamelo žijúcich., Aim: The aim of this study was to assess pain, functional status, anxiety, depression, social activity, and social support and their interactions in older adults with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and to assess possible differences by gender, marital status, age, duration of disease, and co-morbidity. Methods: Pain intensity was assessed by the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), functional disability by the Stanford Health Assessment Questionnaire – Disability Index (HAQ-DI), anxiety by the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), depression by the Zung Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), social activity by the Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales 2 (AIMS2) with scale of Social Activity (SA), and social support (SO) by AIMS2 with scale Support from family and friend in 60 elderly with RA. Results: There were found average strong pain, moderate to severe functional disability, moderate anxiety and moderate-to-marked depression, and limitation in social activity in elderly with RA. The best score was found in scale of social support. Significant (p ≤ 0.05) mild to severe relations were confirmed between explored objectives by Pearson’s correlations. Between genders no significant differences were recorded. Worse score (p ≤ 0.05) was detected in anxiety and social support in elderly living alone compared to married elderly. Between age and anxiety, duration of disease and depression, co-morbidity and functional disability, and depression were confirmed significant (p ≤ 0.05) positive relationships. Conclusion: According to results, not only pain reduction and improving/maintaining of functional status is the priority of care in elderly with RA, but also reduction of anxiety and depression is important, mainly in older, with longer duration of disease, co-morbidity and also for elderly living alone., Mária Sováriová Soósová, Renáta Suchanová, Libuša Tirpáková, and Literatura
The problem of prophylaxis of incompetence of bronchial stump and bronchial fistula is many sided. Notwithstanding the development of new technologies, perfection of surgical technique, its frequency still remains on high level that persistently requests the search of new ways for resolving this problem, which preserved its topicality till nowadays. We have found that: The most efficiency of BFS is achieved during treatment of bronchial fistulas with diameter up to 3 mm and with effectiveness at 83.2% patients after rightside PE and at 92.3% patients after leftside PE. In case of BPF with diameter more than 3 mm the number of satisfactory results of BFS reaches only 33.3%. but, it is necessary to mention that among patients with BPF sized over 3 mm after leftside PE the effectiveness of BFS significantly exceeds as general index (50.0% against 33.3%) so after rightside PE (50.0% against 25.0%)., F. G. Nazyrov, V. A. Porkhanov, Sh. N. Khudaybergenov, О. Т. Irisov, and Literatura
The subject of work is the development of Czech health care law in the past 20 years in the context of (1) Czechoslovak and Czech social change, (2) the development of international human rights interpretations related to health. The goal is evaluation of the Czech health care law in the individual developmental stages and their compliance with human rights related to health. Running away from the Czech health care law framework of human rights and its substitution by a positive concept of patients‘ rights is accompanied by efforts to reduce human rights protection mechanisms at the Constitutional Court („euroamendment“ of the Czech Constitution in 2001). Major changes in medical law in relation to human rights brings the current changes in health care reform (2011 - Health Reform I and II. Phase)., Petr Háva, Pavla Mašková, Tereza Teršová, and Literatura
The subject of work is the development of Czech health care law in the past 20 years in the context of (1) Czechoslovak and Czech social change, (2) the development of international human rights interpretations related to health. The goal is evaluation of the Czech health care law in the individual developmental stages and their compliance with human rights related to health. Running away from the Czech health care law framework of human rights and its substitution by a positive concept of patients‘ rights is accompanied by efforts to reduce human rights protection mechanisms at the Constitutional Court („euroamendment“ of the Czech Constitution in 2001). Major changes in medical law in relation to human rights brings the current changes in health care reform (2011 - Health Reform I and II. Phase). and Petr Háva, Pavla Mašková, Tereza Teršová
More than half of all of the children in the world, which die before the age of five, die in Africa. Wider availability of several highly effecti - ve interventions such as oral rehyd - ration therapy in cases of diarrhoea could prevent large proportion of these child deaths. Unfortunately these interventions are usually not available in African countries. Ho - wever both availability of different life-saving health interventions and child mortality varies a lot across African countries. The purpose of this article is to explore what are determinants of child mortality and availability of these interventions in Africa. Both a review of existing research and a statistical analysis of data from 41 African countries point to the quality of governance and control of corruption as the most significant determinant of health system performance and availability of these life-saving interventions in Africa., Jan Klusáček, and Literatura
Comparative assessment of clinical efficiency of omeprazole and rabeprazole in treating gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). 65 patients with a verified diagnosis GERD were examined. Comparative clinical investigations of using of omeprazole and rabeprazole have revealed effectiveness of both drugs in the therapy of GERD. However, rabeprazole showed antisecretory action in the earlier periods, providing stable clinical remission of GERD and early scarring of erosive lesions of the esophageal mucosa, compared with omeprazole., Mirvasit Karimov, Abdujabar Akhmatkhodjaev, and Literatura