Padesát let po svém založení dnes National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) s dlouhou řadou výzkumníků táhnoucí se celou její historií vede ve výzkumu vesmíru celý svět. Její kosmonauté obletěli Zemi, prošli se po Měsíci, pilotovali první okřídlené vesmírné plavidlo a zkonstruovali Mezinárodní vesmírnou stanici (ISS)., Z podkladů NASA zpracovala Andrea Cejnarová., and Obsahuje blahopřání G. W. Bushe
Nitric oxide (NO) is an important endogenous mediator with significant role in the respiratory system. Many endogenous and exogenous factors influence the synthesis of NO and its level is significantly changed during the inflammation. Analysis of nasal nitric oxide (nNO) is not validated so far as the diagnostic method. There is a lack of reference values with possible identification of factors modulating the nNO levels. In healthy adult volunteers (n=141) we studied nasal NO values by NIOX MINO® (Aerocrine, Sweden) according to the recommendations of the ATS & ERS. Gender, age, height, body weight, waist-to-hip ratio, FEV1/FVC, PEF and numbers of le ukocytes, eosinophils, basophils and monocytes were studied as potential variables influencing the levels of nNO. The complexity of the results allowed us to create a homogenous group for nasal NO monitoring and these data can be used further as the reference data for given variables. Because of significant correlation between nNO and exhaled NO, our results support the "one airway - one disease" concept. Reference values of nasal NO and emphasis of the individual parameters of tested young healthy population may serve as a starting point in the non-invasive monitoring of the upper airway inflammation., M. Antosova, D. Mokra, I. Tonhajzerova, P. Mikolka, P. Kosutova, M. Mestanik, L. Pepucha, J. Plevkova, T. Buday, V. Calkovsky, A. Bencova., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Landscape high resolution pictures taken regularly in several minute intervals present from both meteorological and biological point of view a valuable sequential information of local conditions, the use of which is only started to look for. This article is concerned with a photobox description, the device used in measuring stations of Hydronet.cz project, its output data are spread on-line via internet. and Obrázky krajiny ve vysokém rozlišení snímané ekvidistantně po několika minutách dávají jak meteorologicky, tak biologicky zajímavé časové řady dat o místních poměrech pro které teprve začínáme hledat využití. Článek se zabývá popisem fotoboxu používaného při měřicích stanicích projektu Hydronet.cz, v rámci kterého se i takováto data přenášejí on-line přes internet.
Political forces dominating the mainstream of the Czech political scene accuse independently living individuals of selfish privatization and extrapolated consumerism. However, the shared household model of living (not in a couple or within own family) extensively spreads among independently living individuals alongside this ''privatization''. The milieu of this specific households, which represent so called ''chosen families'' consisting of flat mates and friends in the flat or house rented in group, is along with single occupied households the source of what is described as ''urban tribes''. Precisely these independently living individuals and their specific structures in contrary prevent and confront the societal erosion and disintegration. Their life-styles and everyday practices extensively lead to activities contributing to community revival at the local level as well as to maintaining of an open character of the society more generally.
This work concerns a class of discrete-time, zero-sum games with two players and Markov transitions on a denumerable space. At each decision time player II can stop the system paying a terminal reward to player I and, if the system is no halted, player I selects an action to drive the system and receives a running reward from player II. Measuring the performance of a pair of decision strategies by the total expected discounted reward, under standard continuity-compactness conditions it is shown that this stopping game has a value function which is characterized by an equilibrium equation, and such a result is used to establish the existence of a Nash equilibrium. Also, the method of successive approximations is used to construct approximate Nash equilibria for the game.
The main objective of this paper is to find structural conditions under which a stochastic game between two players with total reward functions has an ϵ-equilibrium. To reach this goal, the results of Markov decision processes are used to find ϵ-optimal strategies for each player and then the correspondence of a better answer as well as a more general version of Kakutani's Fixed Point Theorem to obtain the ϵ-equilibrium mentioned. Moreover, two examples to illustrate the theory developed are presented.
Studovali jsme výskyt pavouků v půdě, v puklinách v hornině, v kamenitých sutích a v jeskyních České republiky, to jest v podzemních biotopech na hloubkovém gradientu od 10 cm do 100 m. Třináct druhů vykazovalo nějaká morfologická přizpůsobení k životu v podzemí. Druhy s výrazně redukovanýma očima jsme našli jak v hlubokých jeskyních, tak i v povrchových biotopech daleko od krasu. Údaje o morfologii a rozšíření ukazují na to, že troglomorfní druhy musely v průběhu zalednění opakovaně migrovat z jeskyní do povrchových biotopů., Using data from the Czech Republic, we studied the distribution of spiders in soils, crevice systems, scree and caves, i.e. subterranean habitats at depths spanning from 10 cm to 100 m. Thirteen species exhibit morphological adaptations to life in subterranean habitats. Advanced troglomorphic characters occur in deep caves as well as in surface habitats far from karst regions. We hypothesize that troglomorphic populations of spiders in Central Europe repeatedly migrated from caves to subsurface and surface habitats during glaciations., and Vlastimil Růžička.