Although it is generally considered that the study of social psychology in the former Czechoslovakia commenced in the 1960s, the author here establishes the importance of the virtually forgotten earlier years of the discipline. The first Czech student of social psychology was a prominent sociologist and member of the Prague sociological school, Otakar Machotka (1899- 1970), whose interest in matters psychological commenced in the 1940s and whose research into the subject continued during his period of exile in America in the 1950s and 1960s. Machotka’s recently discovered post-war manuscript on the subject of unconscious agents in social behaviour, which is published in extenso here, reveals the original and innovative character of the author’s approach; at the same time, it offers an important testimony to the epoch both in terms of the discipline itself and the wider society. The erstwhile unknown manuscript also contains the first stage of Machotka’s struggle for an explanation for quisling behaviour during the Second World War, which he later published in his 1964 book., Zdeněk R. Nešpor., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
This essay aims to describe hitherto unknown notes of aesthetics lectures given by August Gottlieb Meißner (1753-1807) at Prague University. It compares these notes (made by a certain Wagner, and deposited in the Wienbibliothek im Rathaus) with notes deposited in Czech libraries, and seeks to determine their place chronologically amongst notes made by others attending Meißner’s lectures over the years. The most important difference in content between the earlier known notes and Wagner’s is Meißner’s negative attitude towards the Schlegel brothers. This attitude slightly alters our existing notion of his views on the relationship between literature and morality. Taken alone, the collections of notes in Czech libraries had led one to conclude that this Prague ordinarius was an ardent libertine, who dared, even at a conservative Austrian university, to push for the autonomy of art, including a thorough split between art and morality, regarding not only works of art, but also, to a certain extent, the artists themselves. By contrast, the Vienna MS as a matter of priority restricts this split to art, and limits it to the higher, moral aims of the artist as citizen. His approach to questions of morality and to the Schlegel brothers demonstrates that while Meißner considered himself part of the liberally enlightened current of contemporaneous literature, which made moving the emotions the central aim of art, he was no longer an adherent of upandcoming Romanticism with its extreme conviction about unlimited authorial liberty, which stemmed from the philosophical Idealism of the times. This attitude to the Schlegel brothers also suggests that Wagner attended Meißner’s lectures in aesthetics and rhetoric in the winter of 1800/1., Tomáš Hlobil., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Although most ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) play different positive roles in nature, some species take advantage of human activities and spread to new regions, where they become significant pests. Moreover, some exotic species from the tropics can survive indoors all year round in the temperate zone. This article reviews the current native and exotic indoor and fauna present in the Czech Republic. Due to global warming the probability is increasing that some of these exotic species will also be able to spread into natural habitats. and Petr Klimeš.
Generalizing earlier results about the set of idempotents in a Banach algebra, or of self-adjoint idempotents in a C*-algebra, we announce constructions of nice connecting paths in the connected components of the set of elements in a Banach algebra, or of self-adjoint elements in a C*-algebra, that satisfy a given polynomial equation, without multiple roots. In particular, we prove that in the Banach algebra case every such non-central element lies on a complex line, all of whose points satisfy the given equation. We also formulate open questions., Endre Makai Jr., Jaroslav Zemánek., and Obsahuje seznam literatury