Number of results to display per page
Search Results
42. Animalism and the vagueness of composition
- Creator:
- Bělohrad, Radim
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Animalism, Lockeanism, partial identity, personal iden-tity, supervaluations, and vagueness
- Language:
- Slovak
- Description:
- Lockean theories of personal identity maintain that we per-sist by virtue of psychological continuity, and most Lockeans say that we are material things coinciding with animals. Some animalists ar-gue that if persons and animals coincide, they must have the same intrinsic properties, including thinking, and, as a result, there are ‘too many thinkers’ associated with each human being. Further, Lockeans have trouble explaining how animals and persons can be numerically different and have different persistence conditions. For these reasons, the idea of a person being numerically distinct but coincident with an animal is rejected and animalists conclude that we simply are animals. However, animalists face a similar problem when confronted with the vagueness of composition. Animals are entities with vague boundaries. According to the linguistic account of vagueness, the vagueness of a term consists in there being a number of candidates for the denotatum of the vague term. It seems to imply that where we see an animal, there are, in fact, a lot of distinct but overlapping entities with basically the same intrinsic properties, including think-ing. As a result, the animalist must also posit ‘too many thinkers’ where we thought there was only one. This seems to imply that the animalist cannot accept the linguistic account of vagueness. In this paper the author argues that the animalist can accept the linguistic account of vagueness and retain her argument against Lockeanism.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
43. Application and comparison of NSGA-II and MOPSO in multi-objective optimization of water resources systems
- Creator:
- Hojjati, Ali, Monadi, Mohsen, Faridhosseini, Alireza, and Mohammadi, Mirali
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- NSGA-II, MOPSO, multi-objective optimization, flood control, and hydropower
- Language:
- Slovak
- Description:
- Optimal operation of reservoir systems is the most important issue in water resources management. It presents a large variety of multi-objective problems that require powerful optimization tools in order to fully characterize the existing trade-offs. Many optimization methods have been applied based on mathematical programming and evolutionary computation (especially heuristic methods) with various degrees of success more recently. This paper presents an implementation and comparison of multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) and non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) for the optimal operation of two reservoirs constructed on Ozan River catchment in order to maximize income from power generation and flood control capacity using MATLAB software. The alternative solutions were based on Pareto dominance. The results demonstrated superior capacity of the NSGA-II to optimize the operation of the reservoir system, and it provides better coverage of the true Pareto front than MOPSO.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
44. Application of passive capillary samplers in water stable isotope investigations of snowmelt - a case study from Slovenia
- Creator:
- Vreča, Polona, Brenčič, Mihael, and Torkar, Anja
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- snowmelt, passive capillary sampler, oxygen and hydrogen isotopes, balanced hierarchical sampling design, ANOVA, and Slovenia
- Language:
- Slovak
- Description:
- In this paper we describe the use of modified passive capillary samplers (PCSs) to investigate the water isotope variability of snowmelt at selected sites in Slovenia during winter 2011/2012 and during winter 2012/2013. First, PCS with 3 fibreglass wicks covering approximately 1 m2 were tested to determine sample variability. We observed high variability in the amount of snowmelt water collected by individual wick (185 to 345 g) and in the isotope composition of oxygen (δ18O −10.43‰ to −9.02‰) and hydrogen (δ2H −70.5‰ to −63.6‰) of the collected water. Following the initial tests, a more detailed investigation was performed in winter 2012/2013 and the variability of snowmelt on the local scale among the different levels (i.e. within group, between the close and more distant groups of wicks) was investigated by applying 30 fibreglass wicks making use of Analysis Of Variance (ANOVA) and a balanced hierarchical sampling design. The amount of snowmelt water collected by an individual wick during the whole experiment was between 116 and 1705 g, while the isotope composition varied from −16.32‰ to −12.86‰ for δ18O and from −120.2‰ to −82.5‰ for δ2H. The main source of variance (80%) stems from the variability within the group of wicks (e.g. within group) while other sources contribute less than 20% of the variability. Amount weighted samples for the 2012–2013 season show no significant differences among groups, but significant differences for particular sampling events were observed. These investigations show that due to the variability within the group of wicks, a large number of wicks (> 5) are needed to sample snowmelt.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
45. Applying statistical methods in knowledge management of a multiagent system
- Creator:
- Košinár, Michal and Kohut, Ondřej
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- knowledge, rules, facts, TIL, TIL-Script, Transparent Intensional Logic, PROLOG, Multiagent Systems, content language, FIPA, a priori probability, conditional probability, and Bayesians probability
- Language:
- Slovak
- Description:
- Multi-agent system is a system of autonomous, intelligent but resource-bounded agents. Particular agents have to be able to make decisions on their own, based on the activities of other agents and events within the system as well as in its environment. To this end agents make use of their own internal knowledge base which serves them as a memory. In this paper we focus on the design and management of such a knowledge base. After a brief description of some classical fundamental approaches to the knowledge base management, we propose an improvement based on the application of statistical methods. We focus in particular on the optimization of the process., Multi-agent systém je systém autonomních, inteligentních, ale zdrojově omezených agentů. Konkrétní agenti musí být schopni sami rozhodovat na základě činností jiných agentů a událostí v systému i v jeho prostředí. K tomuto účelu agenti využívají vlastní interní znalostní základnu, která jim slouží jako paměť. V tomto příspěvku se zaměřujeme na návrh a správu takové znalostní báze. Po stručném popisu některých klasických základních přístupů k řízení znalostní báze navrhujeme zlepšení založené na aplikaci statistických metod. Zaměřujeme se především na optimalizaci procesu., and Michal Košinár ; Ondřej Kohut
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
46. Are quantifier phrases always quantificational? The case of ''every F''
- Creator:
- Baumann, Pierre
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- determiners, Generalized Quantifier Theory, Gricean pragmatics, quantifiers, and reference
- Language:
- Slovak
- Description:
- This paper argues that English quantifier phrases of the form ''every F'' admit of a literal referential interpretation, contrary to the standard semantic account of this expression, according to which it denotes a set and a second-order relation. Various arguments are offered in favor of the referential interpretation, and two likely objections to it are forestalled., Tento článek argumentuje, že anglické kvantifikační fráze formy ,,každý F'' přiznávají doslovný referenční výklad, na rozdíl od standardního sémantického účtu tohoto výrazu, podle kterého označuje množinu a vztah druhého řádu. Různé argumenty jsou nabídnuty ve prospěch referenčního výkladu, a dvě pravděpodobné námitky k tomu jsou zalesněny., and Pierre Baumann
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
47. Are there process-requirements of rationality?
- Creator:
- Fink, Julian
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- rationality, process-requirements, state-requirements, Kolodny, and Broome
- Language:
- Slovak
- Description:
- Does a coherentist version of rationality issue requirements on states? Or does it issue requirements on processes? This paper evaluates the possibility of process-requirements. It argues that there are two possible definitions of state- and process-requirements: a satisfaction-based definition and a content-based definition. I demonstrate that the satisfaction-based definition is inappropriate. It does not allow us to uphold a clear-cut distinction between state- and process-requirements. We should therefore use a content-based definition of state- and process-requirements. However, a content-based definition entails that rationality does not issue process-requirements. Content-based process-requirements violate the principle that ''rationality requires'' implies ''can satisfy''. The conclusion of this paper therefore amounts to a radical rejection of process-requirements of rationality., Vyžaduje koherentní verze racionálních požadavků požadavky na státy? Nebo vydává požadavky na procesy? Tento článek hodnotí možnost procesních požadavků. Tvrdí, že existují dvě možné definice požadavků na stav a proces: definice založená na spokojenosti a definice založená na obsahu. Prokazuji, že definice založená na spokojenosti je nevhodná. To nám neumožňuje prosazovat jednoznačný rozdíl mezi požadavky na stav a proces. Měli bychom proto použít obsahovou definici požadavků na stav a proces. Definice založená na obsahu však znamená, že racionalita nevyžaduje procesní požadavky. Požadavky na obsah založené na obsahu porušují zásadu, že ,,racionalita vyžaduje'' znamená ,,uspokojit''., and Julian Fink
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
48. Aristotle’s functional theory of the emotions
- Creator:
- Chew, Angela
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Aristotle, emotion, and action
- Language:
- Slovak
- Description:
- Placing Aristotle’s ethical works in dialogue with the work of G.E.M. Anscombe, this paper outlines a functional definition of emotions that describes a meta-theory for social-scientific research. Emotions are defined as what makes the thought and action of rational and political animals ethical., Tato práce uvádí dialog Aristotelovy etické práce do dialogu s prací GEM Anscombe. Tato práce nastiňuje funkční definici emocí, která popisuje meta-teorii pro sociálně vědecký výzkum. Emoce jsou definovány jako to, co dělá myšlení a jednání racionálních a politických zvířat etických., and Angela Chew
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
49. Artefacts, non-particulars and model particulars
- Creator:
- Thein, Karel
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- P.F. Strawson, non-particulars, model particulars, artefacts, and persons
- Language:
- Slovak
- Description:
- The paper comments and elaborates upon five pages of P. F. Strawson’s Individuals (1959, 230 - 234), together with his ‘Entity and Identity’ and ''Universals''. The focus is on Strawson’s understanding of individual non-particulars as types or universals, and on his contention that the most obvious non-particular entities (''well-entrenched non-particulars'') are the broadly conceived artefacts including the works of art. The narrow focus is on the implications of Strawson’s suggestion that ‘an appropriate model for non-particulars of these kinds is that of a model particular - a kind of prototype, or ideal example, itself particular, which serves as a rule or standard for the production of others’ (1959, 233). The paper analyzes the relation between Strawson’s position and the issue of artefacts and their (largely missing) ontology. It also asks about some less obvious affinities between the problem of the non-particulars (and their entrenchment) and Strawson’s concept of a person., Příspěvek komentuje a zpracovává na pěti stranách PF Strawson's Individuals (1959, 230 - 234) spolu s jeho ,,Entity and Identity'' a ,,Universals''. Důraz je kladen na Strawsonovo chápání jednotlivých ne-specifik jako typů nebo univerzálů, a na jeho tvrzení, že nejzřejmějšími nespecifickými entitami (,,dobře zakořeněné nešpecifické'') jsou široce pojaté artefakty včetně uměleckých děl. Úzké zaměření je na důsledky Strawsonova návrhu, že ,,vhodným modelem pro ne-detaily těchto druhů je model konkrétního modelu - určitý typ prototypu, nebo ideální příklad, který je sám o sobě, který slouží jako pravidlo nebo standard pro produkce druhých ''(1959, 233). Článek analyzuje vztah mezi postavením Strawsona a problematikou artefaktů a jejich (převážně chybějící) ontologií., and Karel Thein
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
50. Aspektualizmus a problém realizmu v analytickej filozofii umenia
- Creator:
- Hrkút, Ján
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- aesthetic properties, Kennick, non/realism, Scruton, and Sibley
- Language:
- Slovak
- Description:
- The paper aims to explore the model which is trying to explain the nature of aesthetic properties. The starting point for testing a plausibility of aspectualistic solution is a kind of exploration. Aspectualism plays a role between realistic and anti-realistic answer to the question: what are the aesthetic judgments related to? Standard discussions are linked in two directions. The first one presupposes existence of real aesthetic properties or qualities in artworks, thus independent of the human mind. The second, on the contrary, explains our aesthetic judgments as related to aesthetic properties (values) that are constructed in relationship of artwork and recipient, thus dependent on human mind. Both positions have strengths and weaknesses with respect to the different artistic genres and approaches. Aspectualistic strategy offers an explanation which has an ambition to be the solution to this dispute. The paper analyzes this position in the work of Roger Scruton and looks for the answer to the question whether this solution is sufficient and where are its limits, if any., Cílem práce je prozkoumat model, který se snaží vysvětlit podstatu estetických vlastností. Výchozím bodem pro testování hodnověrnosti aspektového řešení je druh průzkumu. Aspektualismus hraje roli mezi realistickou a anti-realistickou odpovědí na otázku: Jaké jsou estetické úsudky? Standardní diskuse jsou propojeny ve dvou směrech. První předpokládá existenci skutečných estetických vlastností nebo kvalit v uměleckých dílech, tedy nezávislých na lidské mysli. Druhá, naopak, vysvětluje naše estetické úsudky týkající se estetických vlastností (hodnot), které jsou konstruovány ve vztahu uměleckého díla a příjemce, tedy závislé na lidské mysli. Obě pozice mají silné a slabé stránky s ohledem na různé umělecké žánry a přístupy. Aspektualistická strategie nabízí vysvětlení, které má ambici být řešením tohoto sporu. Příspěvek analyzuje tuto pozici v práci Rogera Scrutona a hledá odpověď na otázku, zda je toto řešení dostačující a kde jsou jeho limity, pokud nějaké existují., and Ján Hrkút
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public