The paper aims to integrate the results of several studies on the representation of masculine generics in German into a theoretical framework. Although the results are consistent in showing the male bias of masculine generics, they are based on different experimental procedures and stimulus variations, and that makes the cognitive processes involved hard to compare. Assuming that reading results in the construction of situation models and that gender ‑related memory content is activated through a fast, undirected resonance process it is possible to determine a common cognitive basis. Possible causes of gender ‑related resonance are identified and their influence on situation models is discussed. The theoretical base allows the formulation of general statements on how gender ‑related information influences language processing. Furthermore, it has practical implications for how to implement a gender ‑fair language., Lisa Irmen, Ute Linner ; přeložila Barbora Schnelle., Přeloženo z němčiny, Obsahuje bibliografii, and Anglické resumé
This article focuses on the interaction between Russian princes and nomadic Cumans (Qipčaqs, Polovcians). The starting point of the work are names and family ties of individual Cumans captured in the oldest Russian chronicles which represent "minimum quanta" of the historical information. These "Russian" names are the most important indicator of the cross-dynastic interaction, contacts between Russia and the nomadic world. In our paper we have sought to demonstrate that the cause of the appearance of Russian names in this environment is a cross-dynastic, intergenic anthroponymic communication, a desire to consolidate the alliance with the Russian princes, but not a conversion of the male representatives of the Cuman elite. The set of "Russian" names used by Cumans allows us to determine the circle of their "anthroponymical donors" among the Rurikids and identify a number of rules and laws on which this communication in the language of names was carried out., Anna Litvina, Fjodor Uspenskij; překlad Jitka Komendová., and Obsahuje poznámky pod čarou