The present work proposes the architecture Clonart (Clonal Adaptive Resonance Theory), a Hybrid Model that employs techniques like intelligent operators, clonal selection principle, local search, memory antibodies and ART clusterization, in order to increase the performance of the algorithm. The approach uses a mechanism similar to the ART 1 network for storing a population of memory antibodies that will be responsible for the acquired knowledge of the algorithm. This characteristic allows the algorithm a self-organization of the antibodies in accordance with the complexity of the database.
A literature survey was conducted to appraise the recent applications of artifical intelligence (AI)-based modeling studies in the environmental engineering field. A number of studies on artificial neural networks (ANN), fuzzy logic and adaptive neuro-fuzzy systems (ANFIS) were reviewed and important aspects of these models were highlighted. The results of the extensive literature survey showed that most AI-based prediction models were implemented for the solution of water/wastewater (55.7%) and air pollution (30.8%) related environmental problems compared to solid waste (13.5%) management studies. The present literature review indicated that among the many types of ANNs, the three-layer feed-forward and back-propagation (FFBP) networks were considered as one of the simplest and the most widely used network type. In general, the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm (LMA) was found as the best-suited training algorithm for several complex and nonlinear real-life problems of environmental engineering. The literature survey showed that for water and wastewater treatment processes, most of AI-based prediction models were introduced to estimate the performance of various biological and chemical treatment processes, and to control effluent pollutant loads and flowrates from a specific system. In air polution related environmental problems, forecasting of ozone (O3) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) levels, daily and/or hourly particulate matter (PM2.5) and PM10) emissions, and sulfur dioxide (SO2) and carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations were found to be widely modeled. For solid waste management applications, reseachers conducted studies to model weight of waste generation, solid waste composition, and total rate of waste generation.
In the present study, an alternative promising evaluation method was recommended for dead leaves of Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile as an adsorbent for biosorption of Methylene Blue (MB). The data from batch experiments were modeled by using Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The optimal operation conditions for biosorption of MB by P. oceanica dead leaves were found for pH, adsorbent dosage, temperature and initial dye concentration as 6, 0.3 g, 303 K and 50 mg/L, respectively. The adsorption reached equilibrium after 30 minutes. According to the results of sensitivity analysis, relative importance of temperature, dye concentration, pH, adsorbent dosage and process time on the biosorption of MB were 33%, 27%, 21%, 10% and 8%, respectively. Minimum mean square error (MSE) was found as 0.0169 by ANN modeling. The present study reveals a novel strategy for adsorption studies to utilize the highly accumulated biomass of dead leaves of P. oceanica in Turkish coastlines instead of burning these dead leaves.
Objective: The anxiety of Alzheimer's disease (AD) contributes significantly to decreased quality of life, increased morbidity, higher levels of caregiver distress, and the decision to institutionalize a patient. However, the incidence of anxiety in AD patients hasn't been discussed. In this study, artificial neural networks were used to predict the incidence of anxiety inAD patients.
Methods: A large randomized controlled clinical trial was analyzed in this study, which involved AD patients and caregivers from 6 different sites in the United States. The incidence of anxiety in AD patients was predicted by backpropagation artificial neural networks with one and hidden layers. After cross validation, the Predictive Accuracy (PA) of the models was measured to select the best structure of artificial neural networks.
Results: Among all models for predicting the incidence of anxiety in AD patients, the artificial neural network with respectively 6 and 3 neurons in the first and second hidden layers achieved the highest predictive accuracy of 85.56%.
Conclusions: The incidence of anxiety in AD patients can be predicted by an accuracy of over 80%. When used for anxiety prediction, neural networks with two hidden layers perform better than those with one hidden layer. These findings will benefit the prevention and early intervention of anxiety in Alzheimer's patients.
This contribution presents a review of resonance phenomena associated with the orbital motion of artificial satellites. Following an outline of the principal features of satellite motion and tracking
methods the topic of passage through high-order resonances is discussed. Next, a brief description of geostationary and other
low-order resonant orbits is presented. The paper is concluded with an historie account of the well-known critical inclination problem.
Let $(R,\mathfrak {m})$ be a complete Noetherian local ring, $I$ an ideal of $R$ and $M$ a nonzero Artinian $R$-module. In this paper it is shown that if $\mathfrak p$ is a prime ideal of $R$ such that $\dim R/\mathfrak p=1$ and $(0:_M\mathfrak p)$ is not finitely generated and for each $i\geq 2$ the $R$-module ${\rm Ext}^i_R(M,R/\mathfrak p)$ is of finite length, then the $R$-module ${\rm Ext}^1_R(M,R/\mathfrak p)$ is not of finite length. Using this result, it is shown that for all finitely generated $R$-modules $N$ with $\operatorname {Supp}(N)\subseteq V(I)$ and for all integers $i\geq 0$, the $R$-modules ${\rm Ext}^i_R(N,M)$ are of finite length, if and only if, for all finitely generated $R$-modules $N$ with $\operatorname {Supp}(N)\subseteq V(I)$ and for all integers $i\geq 0$, the $R$-modules ${\rm Ext}^i_R(M,N)$ are of finite length.
Člověk trpí méněcenností ve vztahu k mocným zvířatům, která ho předstihují silou a rychlostí. Dokladem toho je i paleolitická soška, na které je zobrazena lví hlava s lidským tělem. Pokrok představují egyptské sfingy, kde z obrazu člověka zůstává alespoň hlava, sídlo jeho svébytnosti. Nejrůznější zvířecí motivy, jako chiméry, se podařilo pomíchat až Řekům. Tak jako v Evropě kraloval lev a orel, na Dálném východě - zvláště v posledním století - nastoupil tygr coby představitel útočnosti a vítězství. Příkladem uveďme japonského císařského generála, který pronikl Malajskem, a byl proto vzýván jako malajský tygr, než bídně zhynul při americké invazi na jednom z tichomořských atolů. and Jan Svoboda.
Metformin is the first line therapy of type 2 diabetics, but continued reduction of their life expectancy warrants further investigation into alternative treatment strategies. This study reports on the combinational use of metformin with aspalathin, a C-glucosyl dihydrochalcone with known glucose lowering and antioxidant properties, as an effective hypoglycemic therapy in a type 2 diabetic (db/db) mouse model. When tested as a monotherapy, a low dose of aspalathin (13 mg/kg) showed no effect, while a high dose (130 mg/kg) has already displayed a better potential than metformin in protecting against diabetes associated symptoms in db/db mice. Thus, it remains of interest to determine whether this dihydrochalcone can improve the efficacy of metformin. The results showed that this combination therapy was more effective than the use of metformin as a monotherapy in ameliorating diabetes associated symptoms, including abnormal raised fasting plasma glucose levels, impaired glucose tolerance, as well as excessively increased body weights and fat content. The treated mice also had reduced food and water consumption when compared to untreated controls, with a pronounced effect evident in the last week of treatment. Therefore, this study supports further investigations into the ameliorative effect of combination therapy of metformin and aspalathin against diabetes associated symptoms., P. V. Dludla, K. B. Gabuza, C. J. F. Muller, E. Joubert, J. Louw, R. Johnson., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The paper aims to explore the model which is trying to explain the nature of aesthetic properties. The starting point for testing a plausibility of aspectualistic solution is a kind of exploration. Aspectualism plays a role between realistic and anti-realistic answer to the question: what are the aesthetic judgments related to? Standard discussions are linked in two directions. The first one presupposes existence of real aesthetic properties or qualities in artworks, thus independent of the human mind. The second, on the contrary, explains our aesthetic judgments as related to aesthetic properties (values) that are constructed in relationship of artwork and recipient, thus dependent on human mind. Both positions have strengths and weaknesses with respect to the different artistic genres and approaches. Aspectualistic strategy offers an explanation which has an ambition to be the solution to this dispute. The paper analyzes this position in the work of Roger Scruton and looks for the answer to the question whether this solution is sufficient and where are its limits, if any., Cílem práce je prozkoumat model, který se snaží vysvětlit podstatu estetických vlastností. Výchozím bodem pro testování hodnověrnosti aspektového řešení je druh průzkumu. Aspektualismus hraje roli mezi realistickou a anti-realistickou odpovědí na otázku: Jaké jsou estetické úsudky? Standardní diskuse jsou propojeny ve dvou směrech. První předpokládá existenci skutečných estetických vlastností nebo kvalit v uměleckých dílech, tedy nezávislých na lidské mysli. Druhá, naopak, vysvětluje naše estetické úsudky týkající se estetických vlastností (hodnot), které jsou konstruovány ve vztahu uměleckého díla a příjemce, tedy závislé na lidské mysli. Obě pozice mají silné a slabé stránky s ohledem na různé umělecké žánry a přístupy. Aspektualistická strategie nabízí vysvětlení, které má ambici být řešením tohoto sporu. Příspěvek analyzuje tuto pozici v práci Rogera Scrutona a hledá odpověď na otázku, zda je toto řešení dostačující a kde jsou jeho limity, pokud nějaké existují., and Ján Hrkút