Commercial chambers for in vivo gas exchange are usually designed to measure on vascular plants, but not on cryptogams and other organisms forming biological soil crusts (BSCs). We have therefore designed two versions of a chamber with different volumes for determining CO2 exchange with a portable photosynthesis system, for three main purposes: (1) to measure in situ CO2 exchange on soils covered by BSCs with minimal physical and microenvironmental disturbance; (2) to acquire CO2-exchange measurements comparable with the most widely employed systems and methodologies; and (3) to monitor CO2 exchange over time. Different configurations were tested in the two versions of the chamber and fluxes were compared to those measured by four reference commercial chambers: three attached to two respirometers, and a conifer chamber attached to a portable photosynthesis system. Most comparisons were done on biologically crusted soil samples. When using devices in a closed system, fluxes were higher and the relationships to the reference chambers were weaker. Nevertheless, high correlations between our chamber operating in open system and measurements of commercial respiration and photosynthetic chambers were found in all cases (R2 > 0.9), indicating the suitability of the chamber designed for in situ measurements of CO2 gas exchange on BSCs., M. Ladrón De Guevara, R. Lázaro, J. L. Quero, S. Chamizo, F. Domingo., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Příspěvek se snaží ukázat, jaký dopad mělo poznávání přírody Nového světa na utváření specifických podob raně novověké vědecké kooperace a vědy obecně. Záměrem textu je prezentovat originální metody (expedice, dotazníky) a formy vědění (historiae naturalis, botanické katalogy), které v souvislosti s kooperativním poznáváním Nového světa především ve Španělsku vznikaly a jež v soudobé Evropě neměly obdobu. Studie tak chce poukázat na význam, který mělo poznávání Nového světa Španěly v procesu tzv. vědecké revoluce, resp. proměny vědecké praxe i teoretických epistemologických schémat., This article attempts to show which effect and consequences the exploring of the New World nature on the formation of specific forms of early modern scientific cooperation and science in general had. The aim of the text is to present original methods (scientific expedition, questionnaires) and forms of knowledge (Historiae naturalis, botanical catalogs), which in the context of cooperative discovering the New World originated particularly in Spain and which were unprecedented in Contemporary Europe. Thus the study wants to point out the role of exploring of the New World by Spaniards in the process of so-called scientific revolution, respectively the changes in scientific practice and theoretical epistemological schemes., and Jana Černá.
The Betic Cordillera, located at the westernmost end of the Mediterranean alpine belt, is deformed by overprinted folds and faults that produced the present-day relief since the Tortonian. In the frame of the COST 625 action, four sectors have been studied in the central part of the cordillera. In the Granad a Depression, the large NW-SE Padul normal fault deforms the SW periclinal end of the Sierra Nevada antiform. MT surveys in dicate the continuity in depth of high and low angle normal seismogenic faults and the presence of act ive detachment faults. In Tabernas regi on a good example of interaction between a N W-SE propagating normal fault, E-W strike-slip faults and the fold system is studied. In the Sierra Tejeda-Zafarraya and in the Balanegra-Sierra de Gádor areas, two new GPS networks ha ve been installed to determine the interaction and the development of large antiformal struct ures and normal faults with E-W and NW-SE orientations. However, taking into account the low tectonic activity of the studi ed region, a period of more than 5 year could be needed to determine with enough accuracy the development rate of the structures., Jesús Galindo-Zaldívar, Antonio Gil, Carlos Sanz de Galdeano, Stefan Shanov and Dumitru Stanica., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy