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2. Co skrývá 1,5 kg hmoty?
- Creator:
- Adámková, Gabriela
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Věda. Všeobecnosti. Základy vědy a kultury. Vědecká práce, Ústav experimentální medicíny (Akademie věd ČR), Akademie věd České republiky, neurovědy, mozek, popularizace vědy, neurosciences, brain, popularization of science, 12, and 00
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Brain Awareness Week is a series of events held around the world to increase public awareness of the brain. Top Czech scientists attracted more then 1,300 students with lectures as part of the annual Brain Awareness Week that took place in the administration building of the Czech Academy of Sciences extending from 10-13 March 2008. and Gabriela Adámková.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
3. Comparative proteome analysis of rat brain and coronary microvascular endothelial cells
- Creator:
- Lu, L., Yang, P.-Y., Rui, Yao-Cheng, Kang, H., Zhang, J., Zhang, J.-P., and Feng, W.-H.
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Biochemie. Molekulární biologie. Biofyzika, molekulární biologie, mozek, endotel, proteomika, srdce, molecular biology, brain, endothelium, proteomics, heart, mikrovaskulatura, microvasculature, 2, and 577
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The endothelium of different organs displays a remarkable heterogeneity, although it presents many common functional and morphological features. However, despite our knowledge of heterogeneity among endothelial cells from different sites, the differences between brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMEC) and coronary microvascular endothelial cells (CMEC) are poorly defined. The aim of this study was to investigate whether BMEC are distinct from CMEC at the protein level. Using the proteomic approach, we comparatively analyzed the proteome of cultured BMEC and CMEC. We reproducibly separated over 2000 polypeptides by using two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) at pH range of 3-10. Using PDQuest software to process the 2-DE gel images, forty-seven protein spots were differentially expressed in the two-endothelial cells. Of these, thirty-five proteins are highly expressed in BMEC, whereas twelve proteins are highly expressed in CMEC. Fifteen proteins in BMEC and seven proteins in CMEC were identified with high confidence by matrix-associated laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer (MALDI-TOF-MS). Our data suggested that BMEC and CMEC were different in several aspects including cytokine and growth-related molecules, stress-related proteins, metabolic enzymes, signal transduction proteins and others. The identification of a set of proteins preferentially expressed in BMEC and CMEC provided new data on the heterogeneity of the endothelium., L. Lu, P.-Y. Yang, Y.-Ch. Rui, H. Kang, J. Zhang, J.-P. Zhang, W.-H. Feng., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
4. Effect of 7-nitroindazole, a neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, on behavioral and physiological parameters
- Creator:
- Brožíčková, C., Anna Mikulecká, and Otáhal, J.
- Format:
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- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, mozek, fyziologie, brain, physiology, 7-nitroindazole, open field test, ladder rung walking test, brain excitability, blood gas analysis, rat, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The role of brain derived nitric oxide in the physiology and behavior remains disputable. One of the reasons of the controversies might be systemic side effects of nitric oxide synthase inhibitors. Therefore, under nNOS inhibition by 7- nitroindazole (7-NI) we carried out recordings of blood gasses, blood pressure and spontaneous EEG in conscious adult rats. Locomotion and spontaneous behavior were assessed in an open field. In addition skilled walking and limb coordination were evaluated using a ladder rung walking test. The blood gas analysis revealed a significant increase in pCO2 180 min and 240 min after the application of 7-NI. The power and entropy decreased simultaneously with a shift of the mean frequency of the spontaneous EEG toward slow oscillations after 7-NI treatment. The thresholds of evoked potentials underwent a significant drop and a trend towards a slight increase in the I-O curve slope was observed. 7-NI significantly suppressed open field behavior expressed as distance moved, exploratory rearing and grooming. As for the ladder rung walking test the 7-NI treated animals had more errors in foot placement indicating impairment in limb coordination. Therefore our findings suggest that 7-NI increased cortical excitability and altered some physiological and behavioral parameters., C. Boržíčková, A. Mikulecká, J. Otáhal., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
5. Effect of steroid hormone deprivation on the expression of Ecto-ATPase in distinct brain regions of female rats
- Creator:
- Nedeljkovic, N., Djordjevic, V., Horvat, A., Nikezic, G., and Kanazir, D. T.
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, mozek, brain, Ecto-ATPase, ovariectomy, adrenalectomy, extracellular nucleotides, rat brain, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Abundant evidence indicates that ATP and adenosine act as neurotransmitters or co-transmitters, influencing nerve cell physiology in various ways. Therefore, regulation of ATP-metabolizing enzymes is essential for the normal development and function of neuronal tissue. In the present study we have examined the effect of gonadal (OVX) or adrenal (ADX) steroid hormone deprivation on the activity and expression of synaptic membrane ecto-ATPase in three extrahypothalamic brain areas of female rats, primarily not associated with reproductive function. It was shown that OVX significantly increased ecto-ATPase activity and the relative abundance of this enzyme in the hippocampal (Hip) and caudate nucleus (CN), but not in brain stem (BS) membrane preparations. ADX was followed by an upregulation of the enzyme activity and its relative abundance in all the brain areas investigated. The highest enzyme activity and the most profound effects of OVX and ADX were detected in the CN. The results obtained indicate that ADX and OVX upregulate the expression of ecto-ATPase, potentiating the production of adenosine in synaptic cleft thus modulating the activity of numerous neurotransmitter systems in distinct areas of the CNS., N. Nedeljkovic, V. Djordjevic, A. Horvat, G. Nikezic, D.T. Kanazir., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
6. Effects of olive oil on superoxide dismutase activity in the brain of newborn and young female rats
- Creator:
- Pejić, S., Kasapović, J., and Pajovič, S. B.
- Format:
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- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, olivový olej, mozek, olive oil, brain, superoxide dismutase, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- S. Pejić, J. Kasapović, S. B. Pajović. and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
7. Elements of a theory of nonphysical agents in the physical world
- Creator:
- Meixner, Uwe
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- brain, chance, choice, consciousness, determinism, Domindar, indeterminism, nonphysical cause, quantum physics, principle of causal closure, principle of sufficient cause, subject of consciousness and of physical action, mozek, šance, výběr, vědomí, determinismus, indeterminismus, nefyzikální příčina, kvantová fyzika, zásada kauzálního uzavření, dostatečná příčina, and subjektem vědomí a fyzického jednání.
- Language:
- Slovak
- Description:
- This paper shows that there is a quantum-physical and evolution-biological perspective for (libertarian) free will, and that the so-called scientific arguments against it are in reality metaphysical arguments and insufficient. The paper also develops the idea of a nonphysical organ of higher organisms: the Domindar (Detector of macroscopic indetermination, and restrictor)., Tento článek ukazuje, že existuje kvantově-fyzikální a evolučně-biologická perspektiva pro (libertariánskou) svobodnou vůli a že tzv. Vědecké argumenty proti ní jsou ve skutečnosti metafyzické argumenty a nedostatečné. Příspěvek také rozvíjí myšlenku nefyzického orgánu vyšších organismů: Domindara (detektor makroskopické neurčitosti a omezovače)., and Uwe Meixner
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
8. Inhibition of oxidative stress in brain during rat adjuvant arthritis by carnosine, trolox and novel trolox-carnosine
- Creator:
- Silvester Poništ, Slovák, L., Kuncírová, V., Fedorova, T., Logvinenko, A., Muzychuk, O., Danica Mihalová, and Bauerová, K.
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, artritida, mozek, oxidační stres, arthritis, brain, oxidative stress, trolox-carnosine, carnosine, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Carnosine (CARN) is an anti-glycating agent able to quench superoxide, and to neutralize 4-hydroxynonenal. Trolox-carnosine (CARN-T) was synthesized because of its resistance against degradation and to improve CARN antioxidant capacity. We evaluated the impact of trolox (TRO), CARN and its derivative CARN-T on oxidative stress (OS) in brain during rat adjuvant arthritis (AA). The experiments were done on healthy, control arthritic and arthritic animals with administration of CARN 150 mg/kg b.w., TRO 41 mg/kg b.w. and CARN-T 75 mg/kg b.w. in a daily dose during 28 days. Antioxidants did not affect the body weight on day 14, but on day 28 TRO enhanced the weight reduction. On day 14 and 28 CARN-T and TRO reduced arthritic score. IL-1beta, MCP-1 and MMP-9 were measured in plasma on day 14. MCP-1 was decreased by CARN-T and TRO. All antioxidants reduced IL-1beta and MMP-9 levels. Malondialdehyde, 4-hydroxynonenal and protein carbonyls were increased in brain. CARN, CARN-T and TRO prevented higher lipid and protein oxidation in brain. CARN and CARN-T caused no weight reduction like TRO that has an advantage in inflammatory arthritis. Moreover the antioxidants administered had a similar therapeutic effects on arthritic score, markers of inflammation in plasma and OS in brain., S. Poništ, L. Slovák, V. Kuncírová, T. Fedorova, A. Logvinenko, O. Muzychuk, D. Mihalová, K. Bauerová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
9. Nitric oxide synthase mRNA levels correlate with gene expression of angiotensin II type-1 but not type-2 receptors, renin or angiotensin converting enzyme in selected brain areas
- Creator:
- Křižanová, O., Kiss, A., Žáčiková, Ľ., and Daniela Ježová
- Format:
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- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, genová exprese, mozek, gene expression, brain, angiotensin II, nitric oxide synthase, AT1 receptors, AT2 receptors, rat brain, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Recent data suggest that there is interaction between peripheral angiotensin II and nitric oxide. However, sparse information is available on the mutual interaction of these two compounds in the brain. The potential intercourse of nitric oxide with brain neuropeptides needs to be substantiated by assessing its local production and gene expression of the synthesizing enzymes involved. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether the gene expression of brain nitric oxide synthase (bNOS) is related to the sites of gene expression of different components of the rat brain renin angiotensin system (renin, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) or angiotensin receptors of AT1 and AT2 subtypes). The levels of corresponding mRNAs were measured and correlated in nine structures of adult rat brain (hippocampus, amygdala, septum, thalamus, hypothalamus, cortex, pons, medulla and cerebellum). As was expected, positive correlation was observed between renin and angiotensin-converting enzyme mRNAs. Moreover, a significant correlation was found between brain NO synthase and AT1 receptor mRNAs, but not with mRNA of the AT2 receptor, ACE and renin. Parallel distribution of mRNAs coding for bNOS and AT1 receptors in several rat brain structures suggests a possible interaction between brain angiotensin II and nitric oxide, which remains to be definitely demonstrated by other approaches., O. Križanová, A. Kiss, Ľ. Žáčiková, D. Ježová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
10. Ontogenetic profile of ecto-ATPase activity in rat hippocampal and caudate nucleus synaptic plasma membrane fractions
- Creator:
- Banjac, A., Nedeljković, N., Horvat, A., Dušan Kanazir, and Nikezić, G.
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, stárnutí, mozek, aging, brain, ecto-ATPase, extracellular purines, development, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- An ontogenetic study of ecto-ATPase activity and the content of enzyme proteins was assessed in the caudate nucleus and hippocampal synaptic plasma membranes isolated from rats at various ages (15, 30, 90, 180 and 365 days). The ontogenetic profile revealed that the enzyme activities in both brain areas were the highest on day 30 and 365, while the ecto-ATPase protein abundance was the highest on day 15 after birth. Possible explanation for obtained ontogenetic profile and the discrepancy between activity and abundance may reside in the fact that ecto-ATPase during development could exert additional roles other than those related to metabolism of ATP. It is likely that ecto-ATPase, regulating the concentration of ATP and adenosine in synaptic cleft, has important role in the processes of brain development and aging., A. Banjac, N. Nedeljković, A. Horvat, D. Kanazir, G. Nizekić., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public