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30752. Traffic detection of transmission of botnet threat using BP neural network

Creator:
Li, Xingguo and Wang, Junfeng
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
botnet, BP neural network, traffic, and detection
Language:
English
Description:
With the gradual improvement of the telecommunication infrastructure in China, the Internet and other new technologies have been frequently used. The Internet technology also brings many network security threats, for example, botnet, while bringing convenience. Botnet is a network formed between hosts controlled by malicious code. One of the most serious threat to network security faced by the Internet is a variety of malicious network attacks on the carrier of botnet. Back propagation (BP) neural network is proposed to detect botnet threat transmission. In this study, a botnet detection model was established using BP neural network system. BP neural network classifier could identify the botnet traffic and normal traffic. Moreover a test was carried out to detect botnet traffic using BP neural network; the performance of the BP neural network classifier was evaluated by the detection rate and false positive rate. The results showed that it had high detection rate and low false positive rate, which indicated that the BP neural network had a good performance in detecting the traffic of botnet threat transmission.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

30753. Trafficking of Plasmodium falciparum chimeric rhoptry protein with Brefeldin A

Creator:
Ghoneim, Ahmed M.
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
green fluorescent protein, apical secretions, targeting, organelles, merozoite, and Apicomplexa
Language:
English
Description:
Trafficking of the rhoptry chimeric protein RhopH2-GFP, which contains RhopH2 signal peptide plus the downstream five amino acids, was dissected by treating parasites with Brefeldin A at three different time points. Twenty eight hrs-stage trophozoites accumulated the chimera within the parasite endoplasmic reticulum. In 32 hrs-stage schizonts, the chimera was distributed in the parasite cytoplasm but not in the parasitophorous vacuole. In 36 hrs stage-schizonts, the chimera was detected in the individual parasitophorous vacuoles of the developing merozoites and, in contrary to non-treated parasites, no immature rhoptry vesicles could be detected in the cytoplasm of immature merozoites. These data show that this chimera is trafficked to the rhoptries via Brefeldin A-sensitive pathway indicating that this trafficking is similar to that of the endogenous rhoptry proteins, and that the five amino acids downstream of the signal peptide cleavage site may contain the sorting signal required for rhoptry targeting.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

30754. Tragično a transcendence: "Všechno zlé není tragické"

Creator:
Tomášová, Pavlína
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Karl Jaspers, zlo, tragično, existenciální filosofie, transcendence, metafyzika, pravda, vina, evil, tragedy, existential philosophy, metaphysics, truth, guilt, das Böse, Tragödie, Existenzphilosophie, Transzendenz, Metaphysik, Wahrheit, and Schuld
Language:
Czech
Description:
Předkládaný text pojednává o vztahu zla a tragična v rámci filosofické koncepce Karla Jasperse, a to zejména v kontextu jeho knihy Von der Wahrheit (1947). První část práce se zaměřuje na Jaspersovo pojetí zla, jež je výrazně odlišné od Kantova etického zla. Na rozdíl od Kanta Jaspers spojuje zlo s nepravdou a vidí jeho původ v nejednotě všech způsobů objímajícího bytí. V kapitole „Über das Tragische“, v níž Jaspers pojednává o tragičnu, lze rozpoznat dvojí zlo – vůli ke zlu a skryté zlo. Druhá část studie podrobněji analyzuje Jaspersovu tezi, že „všechno zlé není tragické“. Smrt a utrpení jsou nedílnou součástí života, přičemž tragédie je zakotvena v transcendenci. Tragický hrdina i za cenu svého vlastního života bojuje za pravdu a ztělesňuje nové ideje svým jednáním. Podle Jasperse křesťanské náboženství znemožňuje opravdové tragično, neboť spása vylučuje možnost tragické smrti jako absolutně a radikálně tragické. Stať představuje Jaspersovo specifické chápání konceptu tragična jakožto základní reality světa, jež ukazuje pomíjivost lidského života a také univerzálního řádu., This text concentrates on the relationship of evil and tragedy in context of the book Von der Wahrheit (1947; On the Truth) by Karl Jaspers. In its first part, the essay describes a distinct way of understanding Kant’s ethical evil. In contrast, Jaspers associates evil with untruth and sees its origin in the divergence of all ways of embracing. In the “Über das Tragische” chapter, two concepts of evil may be observed – the will to evil and the hidden evil. Individuals are responsible for both of these evils, although they are not the cause. Nevertheless, evil is not tragedy. The second part of the essay presents a closer look at an argument of Jaspers that “all that is evil is not tragic” to prove that death and suffering are an integral part of the life. Tragedy is anchored in a transcendence. A tragic hero, even at the cost of his own life, fights for the truth and embodies new ideas by his demeanour. The essay further shows Jaspers’ argument that religion is antagonistic to tragedy, because salvation, as portrayed in the religions, precludes the possibility of the tragic death, as being absolutely and radically tragic. The essay demonstrates Jaspers’ specific conceptual grasp of the tragedy as the basic reality of life, which shows the transience of human life and universal order., and Dieser Text konzentriert sich auf das Verhältnis von Bösem und Tragischem im Kontext von Karl Jaspers’ Buch Von der Wahrheit (1947). Im ersten Teil beschreibt dieser Aufsatz eine andere Art, Kants ethisches Übel zu verstehen. Im Gegensatz dazu assoziiert Jaspers das Böse mit Lüge und sieht seinen Ursprung in der Inkonsistenz aller Umarmungsweisen. Im Kapitel „Über das Tragische“ lassen sich zwei Konzepte des Bösen – der Wille zum Bösen und das verborgene Böse – unterscheiden. Sie sind für beide Übel verantwortlich, obwohl sie nicht die Ursache sind. Aber das Böse ist nicht tragisch. Der zweite Teil des Artikels befasst sich eingehender mit Jaspers Argumentation, dass „Alles Böse ist nicht tragisch“ sei, um zu beweisen, dass Tod und Leiden ein wesentlicher Bestandteil des Lebens sind. Das Tragische ist in der Transzendenz verankert. Ein tragischer Held kämpft auch auf Kosten seines eigenen Lebens, für die Wahrheit und verkörpert mit seiner Haltung neue Ideen. Der Artikel zeigt auch Jaspers Argument, dass Religion dem Tragischen zuwiderläuft, weil die Rettung, wie sie in den Religionen dargestellt wird, den tragischen Tod unmöglich macht, als absolut und radikal tragisch. Der ganze Text zeigt also Jaspers‘ spezifisches Konzept des Tragischen als Grundwirklichkeit des Lebens, das die Vergänglichkeit des menschlichen Lebens und der universellen Ordnung zeigt.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

30755. Train-induced vibration prediction in multi-story buildings using support vector machine

Creator:
Yao, Jinbao, Yao, Baozhen, Du, Yuwei, and Jiang, Yonglei
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Vibration, railway, train, building, support vector machine, and shuffled frog-leaping algorithm
Language:
English
Description:
Train-induced vibration prediction in multi-story buildings can effectively provide the effect of vibrations on buildings. With the results of prediction, the corresponding measures can be used to reduce the influence of the vibrations. To accurately predict the vibrations induced by train in multi-story buildings, support vector machine (SVM) is used in this paper. Since the parameters in SVM are very vital for the prediction accuracy, shuffled frog-leaping algorithm (SFLA) is used to optimize the parameters for SVM. The proposed model is evaluated with the data from field experiments. The results show SFLA can effectively provide better parameter values for SVM and the SVM models outperform a better performance than artificial neural network (ANN) for train-induced vibration prediction
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

30756. Training a small KDD subset to detect and classify attacks

Creator:
Beghdad, Rachid
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Intrusion detection systems, misuse detection, neural networks, classification, attack categories, and knowledge sicvovery and data mining (KDD) dataset
Language:
English
Description:
This paper presents a neural network (NN) approach to detect intrusions. Previous works used many KDD records to train NNs for detecting intrusions. That is why; our objective here is to show that in case of the KDD data sets, we can obtain good results by training some NNs with a small data subset. To prove that, this study compares the attacks detection and classification by using two training sets: a set of only 260 records and a set of 65536 records. The testing set is composed of 65536 records randomly chosen from the KDD testing set. Our study focused on two classification types of records: a single class (normal or attack), and a multi class where the category of the attack is detected by the NN. Four different types of NNs were tested: Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP), Modular, Jordan/Elman and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) NN. Two NN structures were used: the first one contains only one hidden layer and the second contains ten hidden layers. Our simulations show that the small data subset (260 records) can be trained to detect and classify attacks more efficiently than the second data subset.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

30757. Training all the KDD data set to classify and detect attacks

Creator:
Beghdad, Rachid
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Intrusion detection systems, misuse detection, neural networks, attack categories, and KDD data sets
Language:
English
Description:
The purpose of this study is to analyze the performances of some neural networks (NNs) when all the KDD data set is used to train them, in order to classify and detect attacks. Five different types of NNs were tested: Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP), Self Organization Feature Map (SOFM), Radial Basis Function/Generalized Regression/Probabilistic (RBF/GR/P), Jordan/Elman, and Recurrent NNs. The experiment study is done on the Knowledge Discovery and Data mining (KDD) data sets. We consider two levels of attack granularities depending on whether dealing with four main categories, or only focusing on the normal/attack connection types. Our simulations show that our results are competitive with some other artificial intelligence or data mining intrusion detection systems.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

30758. Traits of chlorophyll fluorescence in 99 plant species from the sparse-elm grassland in Hunshandak Sandland

Creator:
Li, Yong-Geng, Li, Ling-Hao, Jiang, Gao-Ming, Niu, Shu-Li, Liu, Mei-Zhen, Gao, Lei-Ming, Peng, Yu, and Jiang, Chuang-Dao
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
environmental stress, habitat, plant functional type, quantum efficiency, root system, semi-arid sandland, and sparse-elm grassland
Language:
Multiple languages
Description:
Sparse-elm grassland is the remarkable landscape of Hunshandak Sandland in Inner Mongolia Autonomic Region of China. Maximum quantum efficiency (Fv/Fm) of 99 native plant species (85 grasses, 11 shrubs, and 3 trees) of different plant functional Types (PFTs) distributed in fixed sand dune, lowland, and wetland was investigated. Deep-rooted plant species (tree, shrub, and perennial grass) had higher Fv/Fm values than the shallow-rooted species (annual grasses), suggesting that soil drought is the major environmental stress. Annual C4 grasses had higher Fv/Fm values than annual C3 or CAM ones, indicating that C4 photosynthesis is more ecologically adaptive than CAM and C3 grasses. According to the habitats with annual C3 grass distribution, Fv/Fm values were in the order of fixed dune>lowland>wetland, suggesting that salt and pH value may enhance irradiance or heat stress for those distributed in pickled and watery habitats. Based on such characteristics, Ulmus pumila, Salix gordejevii, Caragana microphylla, Agriophyllum pungens, and Agropyron cristatum are recommended as ideal species for ecological restoration in degraded sand-land ecosystems. and Yong-Geng Li ... [et al.].
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

30760. Trajectories, first return limiting notions and rings of $H$-connected and iteratively $H$-connected functions

Creator:
Korczak-Kubiak, Ewa and Pawlak, Ryszard J.
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
trajectory, first return continuity, $H$-connected function, ring of functions, D-ring, and iteratively $H$-connected func
Language:
English
Description:
In the paper the existing results concerning a special kind of trajectories and the theory of first return continuous functions connected with them are used to examine some algebraic properties of classes of functions. To that end we define a new class of functions (denoted $Conn^*$) contained between the families (widely described in literature) of Darboux Baire 1 functions (${\rm DB}_1$) and connectivity functions ($Conn$). The solutions to our problems are based, among other, on the suitable construction of the ring, which turned out to be in some senses an “optimal construction“. These considerations concern mainly real functions defined on $[0,1]$ but in the last chapter we also extend them to the case of real valued iteratively $H$-connected functions defined on topological spaces.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

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