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30762. Trampoty s chronologií nálevkovitých pohárů

Creator:
Trampota, František and Květina, Petr
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
starý eneolit, kultura s nálevkovitými poháry, relativní chronologie, absolutní chronologie, radiokarbonové datování, Early Eneolithic, Funnel Beaker culture, relative chronology, absolute chronology, and radiocarbon dating
Language:
Czech
Description:
V diskusním příspěvku polemizujeme s nově navrženou chronologií kultury s nálevkovitými poháry na základě modelace radiokarbonových dat z především pohřebních lokalit, kterou představili M. Šmíd et al. (2021). V kritice se zabýváme jednak teoretickým přístupem ke studiu pravěkých společností, způsobem výběru radiokarbonových dat, metodou modelace radiokarbonových dat a absencí diskuse v situaci, která ji snadno umožňuje. Na závěr představujeme vlastní pojetí chronologie keramických skupin spojených s nálevkovitými poháry, ve kterém definujeme dva chronologické stupně – baalberský a bolerázský, zatímco „předbaalberský“ stupeň má více společenský než chronologický rozměr. and The article offers a discussion of the new Funnel Beaker chronology proposed by M. Šmíd et al. (2021) based on the modelling of radiocarbon dates coming mainly from burial sites. The review deals with both the theoretical approach to the study of prehistoric societies, the method of selecting radiocarbon data, the method of modelling radiocarbon data and the absence of discussion in a situation that easily fosters it. The conclusion presents the actual concept of the chronology of pottery groups connected with the Funnel Beakers, with two chronological stages being defined – the Baalberge and Boleráz, whereas the ‘pre-Baalberge’ stage has more of a social than chronological dimension.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

30763. Trampové, přírodovědci a brontosauři: Předlistopadová zkušenost českého environmentálního hnutí jako předzvěst ekologické modernizace

Creator:
Petr Jehlička and Joe Smith
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
životní prostředí, ekologické instituce a organizace, přírodovědci, tramping, environment, ecological institutions and organizations, naturalists, 8, and 93/94
Language:
Czech
Description:
a1_Polistopadový český environmentalismus je myšlenkově v mnoha směrech kompatibilní s ekologickou modernizací, která je od osmdesátých let určujícím diskurzem o životním prostředí na Západě. Autoři tvrdí a v článku dovozují, že tato kompatibilita není jen výsledkem importu těchto idejí do českého prostředí po roce 1989 a že základy pro přijetí paradigmatu ekologické modernizace položila svébytná forma environmentalismu, která se v Československu rozvinula v období socialismu. Jejím jádrem bylo propojení dvou zdánlivě neslučitelných složek: působila zde jednak meziválečná romantická tradice výchovy jednotlivce k environmentálně citlivému jednání prostřednictvím znalosti a pobytu v přírodě, jejíž kořeny vedou do prostředí severoamerických hnutí ,,lesní moudrosti'' (woodcraft) a trampingu, jednak přírodovědecky a technokraticky racionální pohled na životní prostředí v odborných kruzích, od sedmdesátých let silně ovlivněný sovětskou školou krajinné ekologie. Jeho předností bylo pevné vědecké analytické ukotvení, nedostatkem nemožnost uplatnění poznatků do praktické roviny veřejné politiky a rozhodování z důvodu nepřijatelnosti společenské kritiky v tehdejším režimu. Východiskem byl prohloubený důraz na uvědomělé jednání jednotlivce jako odpověď na ekologické výzvy v iniciativách, jako byl Tis - Svaz pro ochranu přírody a krajiny, Český svaz ochránců přírody a hnutí Brontosaurus., a2_Klíčové pro pochopení souběžného působení romantické a vědecké složky v českém environmentalismu je jejich propojení v rovině osobní zkušenosti mnoha protagonistů (včetně pronásledování některých ekologických aktivit v období socialismu). Díky kombinaci odporu k etatistickému řešení problémů životního prostředí a úsilí o změnu vztahu společnosti k přírodě formou individuální zážitkové výchovy dospěl český environmentalismus intelektuálně do stejného bodu a ve stejnou dobu jako západoevropská ekologická modernizace, i když velmi odlišnou cestou. Zároveň však takto zformovaný český environmentalismus nebyl podle autorů vybaven k tomu, aby se po návratu země ke kapitalismu zapojil jako vyzrálý kritický aktér do řešení širších strukturálních aspektů krize životního prostředí, která neskončila spolu s bývalým režimem., a1_In terms of its mindset and mental setup, the post-November Czech environmentalism is in many respects compatible with the ecological modernization which has been the determining environmental discourse in the West since the 1980s. The authors claim, and attempt to infer so in their article, that the acompatibility is not just a result of imports of these ideas into the Czech environment since 1989, but rather that the groundwork for the acceptance of the ecological modernization paradigm was laid by a specific form of environmentalism which developed in Czechoslovakia during the socialist era. Its core was a combination of two seemingly incongruous elements; the inter-war romantic tradition of individual education toward environmentally concientious behavior through knowledge of and time spent in nature, rooted in the environment of North American ''woodcraft'' movements and in the Czech tramping movement, and the natural scientific and technocratic, rational attitude to the living environment haboured by the professional community, strongly influenced by the Soviet school of landscape ecology. The latter element´s strenght was its firm scientific ancoring; its weakness the impossibility to apply knowledge at the practical level of public policy and decision-making, as any social criticism of the then ruling regime was unacceptable. The solution was an increased emphasis on conscientious behavior of an individual reacting to ecological challenges, promoted by initiatives such as The Yew - The Union for the Protection of nature and landscape (TIS - Svaz pro ochranu přírody a krajiny), Czech Union for Nature Conservation (Český svaz ochránců přírody), or Brontosaurus Movement ( hnutí Brontosaurus)., a2_The key to understanding the parallel coexistence of the romantic and the scientific components in the Czech environmentalism is their connection at the level of personal experience of many of its protagonists (including persecution of some ecological initiatives during the socialist era). Thanks to a combination of resistance against etatistic solutions of environmental problems and efforts aimed at changing the society´s attitude to nature through individual experience-based eduction, the Czech environmentalism reached the same intellectual point at the same time as the Western European ecological modernization although each used a very different route to get there. However, the authors claim that the Czech environmentalism that had formed in the manner outlined above was not adequately equipped or prepared to participate in solving broader structural aspects of the environmental crisis (which did not end with the demise of the previous regime) after the return of the country to capitalism., Petr Jehlička, Joe Smith., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

30766. Trans montes. Podoby středověkého umění v severozápadních Čechách, edd. Aleš Mudra - Michaela Ottová

Creator:
František Šmahel
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Opitz, Josef, 1890-1963, středověké umění, české výtvarné umění, česká architektura, medieval art, Czech art, Czech literature, Čechy severozápadní (Česko), Bohemia, Northwestern (Czechia), 8, and 930
Language:
Czech
Description:
[autor recenze] František Šmahel. and Obsahuje použitou literaturu pod čarou
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

30767. Transcription regulators and hormones involved in the development of brown fat and white fat browning: transcriptional and hormonal control of brown/beige fat development

Creator:
Zhang, Jianmei, Wu, Huixiao, Ma, Shizhan, Jing, Fei, Yu, Chunxiao, Gao, Ling, and Zhao, Jiajun
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
hormony, hormones, transcription regulators, brown adipose, beige adipose, browning, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
The high prevalence of obesity and related metabolic complications has inspired research on adipose tissues. Three kinds of adipose tissues are identified in mammals: brown adipose tissue (BAT), beige or brite adipose tissue and white adipose tissue (WAT). Beige adipocytes share some characteristics with brown adipocytes such as the expression of UCP1. Beige adipocytes can be activated by environmental stimuli or pharmacological treatment, and this change is accompanied by an increase in energy consumption. This process is called white browning, and it facilitates the maintenance of a lean and healthy phenotype. Thus, promoting beige adipocyte development in WAT shows promise as a new strategy in treating obesity and related metabolic consequences. In this review, we summarized the current understanding of the regulators and hormones that participate in the development of brown fat and white fat browning., Jianmei Zhang, Huixiao Wu, Shizhan Ma, Fei Jing, Chunxiao Yu, Ling Gao, Jiajun Zhao., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

30768. Transcriptome profiling of genes involved in photosynthesis in Elaeagnus angustifolia L. under salt stress

Creator:
Lin, J., Li, J. P., Yuan, F., Yang, Z., Wang, B. S., and Chen, M.
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
biomasa, biomass, greening, ion concentrations, photosynthetic parameters, plant height, 2, and 581
Language:
Multiple languages
Description:
High salt concentration is a major abiotic stress limiting plant growth and productivity in many areas of the world. Elaeagnus angustifolia L. adapts to adverse environments and is widely planted in the western region of China as a windbreaker and for landscape and soil stabilization. High salt concentrations inhibited photosynthesis of E. angustifolia, but the mechanism is not known. In this paper, RNA-sequencing was used to investigate effects of salt stress on the photosynthetic characteristics of the species. In total, 584 genes were identified and involved in photosynthetic pathways. The downregulation of genes that encode key enzymes involved in photosynthesis and genes correlated to important structures in photosystem and light-harvesting complexes might be the main reason, particularly, the downregulation of the gene that encodes magnesium chelatase. This would decrease the activity of enzymes involved in chlorophyll synthesis and the downregulation of the key gene that encodes Rubisco, and thereby decreases enzyme activity and the protein content of Rubisco., J. Lin, J. P. Li, F. Yuan, Z. Yang, B. S. Wang, M. Chen., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

30769. Transcriptomic analysis of left ventricle myocardium in an SHR congenic line with ameliorated cardiac fibrosis

Creator:
Mirchi, L. F., Chylíková, B., Janků, M., Šeda, O., and Liška, F.
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
spontaneously hypertensive rats, congenic strain, metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, hypertension, cardiac fibrosis, Nr4a1, Nr4a3, Per1, and Kcna5
Language:
English
Description:
Metabolic syndrome and one of its manifestations, essential hypertension, is an important cause of worldwide morbidity and mortality. Morbidity and mortality associated with hypertension are caused by organ complications. Previously we revealed a decrease of blood pressure and an amelioration of cardiac fibrosis in a congenic line of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), in which a short segment of chromosome 8 (encompassing only 7 genes) was exchanged for a segment of normotensive polydactylous (PD) origin. To unravel the genetic background of this phenotype we compared heart transcriptomes between SHR rat males and this chromosome 8 minimal congenic line (PD5). We found 18 differentially expressed genes, which were further analyzed using annotations from Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID). Four of the differentially expressed genes (Per1, Nr4a1, Nr4a3, Kcna5) belong to circadian rhythm pathways, aldosterone synthesis and secretion, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and potassium homeostasis. We were also able to confirm Nr4a1 2.8x-fold upregulation in PD5 on protein level using Western blotting, thus suggesting a possible role of Nr4a1 in pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

30770. Transepithelial Potential in Mesonephric Nephrons of 7-day-old Chick Embryos in Relation to the Histochemically Detected Sodium Pump

Creator:
Zdeňka Zemanová and Ujec, E.
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, studie, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie člověka, human physiology, Chick embryonic kidney, Tubular segments, Transepithelial potential difference, Ouabain-sensitive K+-NPPase, Active transport, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
In order to obtain basic information on the transport properties of differentiating embryonic nephrons, we examined the 7-day-old chick mesonephros by measuring the transtubular epithelial potential difference (TPD) and by histochemical detection of Na,K-ATPase activity. TPD as an indicator of the electrogenic transport was measured in individual segments of superficial nephrons in vivo. Their electric polarity was always lumen-negative. TPD was reduced by addition of 10 mM KCN applied to the mesonephric nephrons from the outside. In the proximal tubules, TPD was significantly lower (mean±SD: -1.0±0.5 mV) than in the distal and collecting tubules (-2.2±1.0 mV, pŁ0.05). Activity of the sodium pump was evaluated histochemically by detection of ouabain-sensitive potassium-dependent p-nitrophenyl phosphatase in cryostat sections of the mesonephros. The enzyme activity was demonstrated only in distal tubules and in the collecting ducts, but not in the proximal tubules. These findings have revealed significant differences between embryonic nephron segments: the distal tubule, in contrast to the proximal one, is supplied by the sodium pump and is able to generate higher TPD. Therefore, we consider that it is only the distal nephron, which possesses the ability of active transport., Z. Zemanová, E. Ujec., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

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