In this paper, we are concerned with numerical methods for linear neutral systems with multiple delays. For delay-dependently stable neutral systems, we ask what conditions must be imposed on linear multi-step methods in order that the numerical solutions display stability property analogous to that displayed by the exact solutions. Combining with Lagrange interpolation, linear multi-step methods can be applied to the neutral systems. Utilizing the argument principle, a sufficient condition is derived for linear multi-step methods with preserving delay-dependent stability. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the main results.
In this paper, we are concerned with stability of numerical methods for linear neutral systems with multiple delays. Delay-dependent stability of Runge-Kutta methods is investigated, i. e., for delay-dependently stable systems, we ask what conditions must be imposed on the Runge-Kutta methods in order that the numerical solutions display stability property analogous to that displayed by the exact solutions. By means of Lagrange interpolation, Runge-Kutta methods can be applied to neutral differential systems with multiple delays. Based on the argument principle, sufficient conditions for delay-dependent stability of Runge-Kutta methods combined with Lagrange interpolation are presented. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the main results.
We studied delayed effects of elevated plasma levels of corticosterone (Cort) on volumetry, neuronal quantity, and gross marks of neurodegeneration in the hippocampal formation of Long-Evans rats. Animals were exposed to increased CORT levels for three weeks via implanted subcutaneous pellets. Volumetry, neuronal quantification and gros s marks of degeneration were measured seven weeks after the termination of CORT treatment. We observed significant differences in volumes and especially in laterality of hippocampal subfields between control and CORT- treated animals. We found th at the left hippocampus was substantially larger than the right hippocampus in the corticosterone-treated group, but not in the control group. In the control group, on the other hand, right hippocampal volume was markedly higher than all other measured volumes (hippocampal left control, hippocampal left CORT-treated and hippocampal right CORT-treated). Left hippocampal volume did not differ between the groups., P. Zach, J. Mrzílková, L. Řezáčová, A. Stuchlík, K. Valeš., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Consider a specific type of fission where psychological continuity takes a branching form, and one of the offshoots comes into being later than the other offshoot. Let us say that the earlier offshoot comes into being in the left branch at t, and the later offshoot comes into being in the right branch at t+1. With regard to the question how many persons are involved in this case, three answers are worth considering: (i) The original subject persists up to t; a distinct person comes into being immediately after t and continues to exist in the left branch; and the third person comes into being in the right branch at t+1. (ii) The original subject persists up to the moment immediately before t+1; a distinct person comes into being at t+1 and continues to exist in the left branch; and the third person comes into being in the right branch at t+1. (iii) The original subject continues to exist in the left branch; a distinct person comes into being in the right branch at t+1. For those who hold that personal identity consists in psychological continuity of some sort, the aforementioned three options exhaust the sensible ways of understanding how one persists in delayed fission. However, I argue that complications arise for each answer. Hence, delayed fission poses a challenge for the psychological approach to personal identity., Uvažujme o specifickém typu štěpení, kde psychologická kontinuita nabývá větvící podoby, a jeden z odnoží vzniká později než jiný odnož. Řekněme, že dřívější odnož vzniká v levé větvi na t, a pozdější odnož vzniká v pravém rameni na t + 1. Pokud jde o otázku, kolik osob je v tomto případě zapojeno, stojí za zvážení tři odpovědi: (i) Původní téma trvá až do t; zřetelná osoba vstoupí do bytí bezprostředně po t a pokračuje existovat v levé větvi; a třetí osoba vzniká ve správné větvi na t + 1. (ii) Původní subjekt trvá až do okamžiku bezprostředně před t + 1; zřetelná osoba vstoupí do bytí u t + 1 a pokračuje existovat v levé větvi; a třetí osoba vzniká ve správné větvi na t + 1. (iii) Původní předmět zůstává v levé větvi; v pravé větvi na t + 1 vstoupí zřetelná osoba. Pro ty, kteří se domnívají, že osobní identita spočívá v psychologické kontinuitě nějakého druhu, zmíněné tři možnosti vyčerpávají rozumné způsoby, jak porozumět tomu, jak člověk v opožděném štěpení přetrvává. Tvrdím však, že komplikace vznikají pro každou odpověď. Zpožděné štěpení tedy představuje výzvu pro psychologický přístup k osobní identitě. Tvrdím, že komplikace vznikají pro každou odpověď. Zpožděné štěpení tedy představuje výzvu pro psychologický přístup k osobní identitě. Tvrdím, že komplikace vznikají pro každou odpověď. Zpožděné štěpení tedy představuje výzvu pro psychologický přístup k osobní identitě., and Huiyuhl Yi
We compared delayed fluorescence (DF) excitation spectrometry with radiocarbon (14C) technique using a monoalgal culture of Chlorella vulgaris grown under natural temperature and irradiance. This was done by monitoring the DF, in parallel to quantum efficiency (QE) and index of radiant energy utilization efficiency (Ψ) as calculated on the basis of carbon uptake measurements by radiocarbon technique. During the diurnal cycle, temperature, irradiance, and chlorophyll (Chl) contents were monitored in the algal culture that was kept in an open transparent plastic tank submerged at the surface of Lake Kinneret, Israel. The DF signal correlated with both the QE (r 2 = 0.869, p<0.01) and Ψ (r 2 = 0.977, p<0.01) during a diurnal cycle. We suggest that, besides the measurement of active Chl and phytoplankton population composition, the DF signal provides additional information on the QE and Ψ in phytoplankton population. and E. Kurzbaum, W. Eckert, Y. Z. Yacobi.
The article deals with corruption in Bavaria and Prussia around
1800. In accordance with recent research, the author assumes corruption as a socially constructed phenomenon that is subjected to a historical change. In this article, he tries to show how a new notion of corruption appeared in public, became a weapon in political conflicts and influenced the legal and administrative reforms in both German monarchies. The author concludes
that corruption charges might be seen as a driving force behind the legal reforms: The reformers in both countries tried to delegitimise the old regime by corruption charges and, thus, cleared the way for bureaucratic reforms.This delegitimation can be observed in public debates, in internal discussions and in the new laws themselves.
The most recent genome-editing system called CRISPR-Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat system with associated protein 9-nuclease) was employed to delete four non-essential genes (i.e., Caeco1, Caidh1, Carom2, and Cataf10) individually to establish their gene functionality annotations in pathogen Candida albicans. The biological roles of these genes were investigated with respect to the cell wall integrity and biogenesis, calcium/calcineurin pathways, susceptibility of mutants towards temperature, drugs and salts. All the mutants showed increased vulnerability compared to the wild-type background strain towards the cell wall-perturbing agents, (antifungal) drugs and salts. All the mutants also exhibited repressed and defective hyphal growth and smaller colony size than control CA14. The cell cycle of all the mutants decreased enormously except for those with Carom2 deletion. The budding index and budding size also increased for all mutants with altered bud shape. The disposition of the mutants towards cell wall-perturbing enzymes disclosed lower survival and more rapid cell wall lysis events than in wild types. The pathogenicity and virulence of the mutants was checked by adhesion assay, and strains lacking rom2 and eco1 were found to possess the least adhesion capacity, which is synonymous to their decreased pathogenicity and virulence.
Th is text, fi rst published in Deleuze and Music, edited by Ian Buchanan and Marcel Swiboda (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2004), pp. 54–74, Nick Nesbitt compares Th eodor W. Adorno’s negative dialectical approach with Gilles Deleuze’s antidialectical approach to the question of multiplicity and diff erentiation within music. Nesbitt concludes with a consideration of the attempts made to address the problem in the work of important twentieth-century musicians, particularly that of John Coltrane. Th e Czech translation here is by Marta Martinová and Michal Jurza.
The requirements for fast 100% operational control (especially in the automotive industry) force the development of the whole range of fine mechanical devices and elements, so far not used in metrology. In addition to the special length transducers designed for adverse operating conditions, different support devices are necessary for correct operation of the length transducers. The article deals with the tilting contacts and centering elements. and Požadavky, zejména automobilového průmyslu, na rychlou 100% provozní kontrolu si vynucují vývoj celé řady dosud v metrologii nepoužívaných jemnomechanických zařízení a prvků. Vedle speciálních délkových snímačů, určených do nepříznivých provozních podmínek, jsou to různá podpůrná zařízení nutná pro správnou funkci snímačů. Zmiňujeme se zde o naklápěcích dotecích a centrážních prvcích.