Zdeněk Mařatka byl prvním lékařem, který podrobně seznámil českou odbornou veřejnost s problematikou idiopatických střevních zánětů, kterým se celý život systematicky věnoval. Vytvořil vlastní originální hypotézu – dvousložkovou teorii vzniku ulcerózní kolitidy, kterou po celý život rozvíjel a zdokonaloval. Jeho význam a přínos pro poznání ulcerózní kolitidy a Crohnovy nemoci je naprosto výjimečný, a to i z hlediska mezinárodního. Ačkoli prvotní příčina vzniku idiopatických střevních zánětů zůstává navzdory téměř stoleté historii neznámá, základní a klinický výzkum přináší množství nových poznatků o jejich etiologii a patogenezi. Je zřejmé, že pro vznik střevních zánětů je nezbytná vzájemná interakce vnitřních a zevních faktorů, které se uplatňují u konkrétních jedinců v různé míře. Mezi vnitřními faktory zaujímá klíčový vliv dědičnost, která formuje reaktivitu imunitního systému. Ze zevních faktorů je významné složení mikrobiální flóry střeva, kouření a psychický stres., Zdenek Mařatka has been the first physician, who had brought a new information for the Czech medical community with topic of inflammatory bowel diseases, which had been systematic studied for him. He had prepared an original theory – two component hypothesis about origin of ulcerative colitis, which had been developed and innovated by him for long time. From the international point of view, Mařatka has had an extraordinary impact and significant contribution for recognition of ulcerative colitis and Crohn´s disease. Despite the fact that the true origin of ulcerative colitis and Crohn´s disease (UC) still remain elusive, basic as well as clinical research bring many new data on etiology and pathogenesis of this inflammatory condition. It seems clear that IBD originate from interaction of several intrinsic and extrinsic factors that contribute individually in a particular patient. Among internal factors the genes play an important role, because its influence on the mucosal immunity system and immunological response. Among the external factors importance are recognized the gut microbiota content, cigarette smoking and psychological stress., and Milan Lukáš
Few studies concerning the occurrence of cow’s milk allergy with the use of double-blind, placebo controlled food challenge test in adolescents and adult patients suffering from atopic dermatitis exist. Aim: To evaluate the occurrence of cow’s milk allergy in adolescents and adults suffering from atopic dermatitis. Method: Altogether 179 persons suffering from atopic dermatitis were included in the study: 51 men and 128 women entered the study with the average age of 26.2 (s.d. 9.5 years). Complete dermatological and allergological examinations were performed. Results: The positive results in specificIgE and in skin prick tests were recorded in 12% of patients. According to the open exposure tests and double-blind, placebo controlled food challenge tests these patients are only sensitized to cow’s milk without clinical symptoms of allergy. Double-blind, placebo controlled food challenge test confirmed food allergy to cow milk only in one patient (worsening of atopic dermatitis), the oral allergy syndrome was observed in another one patient, occurrence of this allergy was altogether 1.1%. Conclusion: Cow’s milk allergy rarely plays a role in the worsening of atopic dermatitis in adolescent and adult patients., Jarmila Čelakovská, Květuše Ettlerová, Karel Ettler, Jaroslava Vaněčková, Josef Bukač, and Literatura 29
INTRODUCTION: A previous study has employed shear-wave ultrasound elastographic imaging to assess corneal rigidity in an ex-vivo porcine eye model. This study employs the same modality in vivo in a rabbit eye model in order to assess lens, ciliary body and total ocular rigidity changes following the instillation of atropine and pilocarpine. METHODS: Ten non-pigmented female rabbits were examined. Measurements of the lens, ciliary body and total ocular rigidity as well as lens thickness and anterior chamber depth were taken with the Aixplorer system (SuperSonic Imagine, Aix-en-Provence, France) with the SuperLinear™ SL 15-4 transducer in both eyes at baseline as well as after pilocarpine and atropine instillation. The IOP was also measured with the TonoPen tonometer. RESULTS: Changes in rigidity in the examined areas following atropine instillation were statistically not significant. Ciliary body rigidity was significantly increased whereas lens and total ocular rigidity were significantly reduced following pilocarpine instillation. The decrease in lens rigidity following pilocarpine was significantly associated with the respective increase in ciliary body rigidity. CONCLUSIONS: Shear-wave ultrasound elastography can detect in vivo rigidity changes in the anterior segment of the rabbit eye model and may potentially be applied in human eyes, providing useful clinical information on conditions in which rigidity changes play an important role, such as glaucoma, pseudoexfoliation syndrome or presbyopia. and E. T. Detorakis, E. E. Drakonaki, H. Ginis, N. Karyotakis, I. G. Pallikaris