Stiff-person syndrome (SPS) is a rare disorder characterized by muscle stiffness and painful spasms. Misdiagnosis may occur due to the fact that the clinical picture of SPS is often atypical. The main pathophysiologic mechanism underlying the development of SPS is insufficient inhibition at the cortical and spinal levels. There is good evidence for a primary autoimmune etiology. A 61-year-old man was admitted to a neurological department due to muscle hypertonia with episodic attacks of painful spasms predominantly affecting axial muscles. The symptoms developed shortly after tickborne meningoencephalitis. Electromyography (EMG) revealed signs of continuous motor unit activity. Antibodies against glutamate decarboxylase (anti-GAD) were highly elevated. We present a case of a man who developed clinically severe anti-GAD positive SPS, provoked by tick-borne encephalitis. After therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) a rapid, temporary improvement of the clinical and neurophysiological findings was noted. Only after being placed on long-term immunosuppression did the patient achieve stable recovery. This case supports the importance of EMG findings and demonstrates the effect of TPE as well as the need for chronic immunosuppression in severe cases of SPS., Edvard Ehler, Jan Latta, Petra Mandysová, Jana Havlasová, Milan Mrklovský, and Literatura 22
Cíl studie: Pro monoklonální gamapatie (MG) je typická přítomnost molekul monoklonálního imunoglobulinu (MIG) nebo jejich fragmentů v séru a/nebo v moči. Nejnovějším testem rozšiřujícím spektrum možností vyšetření MIG je systém HevyLiteTM, principiálně založený na užití dvojice specifických protilátek proti junkčním epitopům mezi doménami těžkého a lehkého řetězce imunoglobulinu. Cílem práce bylo zavedení systému HevyLiteTM a provedení pilotní analýzy ve skupině nemocných s MG typu IgA. Název a sídlo pracoviště: III. interní klinika, Fakultní nemocnice Olomouc. Materiál a metody: Vyšetřený soubor tvořilo 24 nemocných s mnohočetným myelomem (MM) a 7 jedinců s monoklonální gamapatií nejistého významu (MGUS). Pro stanovení sérových hladin IgAκ, IgAλ byl použit systém HevyLiteTM (The Binding Site, UK) a analyzátor BN II (Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics). Výpočtem byl určen poměr IgAκ/IgAλ. Výsledky: U nemocných s aktivní formou MM byly zjištěny vysoce patologické hladiny dominantního MIG, se supresí hladin alternativního imunoglobulinu IgA a s výrazným ovlivněním poměru IgAκ/IgAλ. Ze 6 nemocných s dosažením kompletní remise byl u 5 zaznamenán normální poměr IgAκ/IgAλ, jeden nemocný vykazoval supresi obou IgA typů se změnou poměru IgAκ/IgAλ. U všech jedinců s MGUS byly zjištěny abnormální hladiny i poměr IgAκ/IgAλ, u jedince s low-risk typem byla hodnota poměru IgAκ/IgAλ pouze nadhraniční. Při srovnání výsledků stanovení M-proteinu metodou HevyLiteTM a elektroforézou, Spearmanova korelační analýza potvrdila velmi těsnou korelaci hladin M-proteinu jak v případě IgAκ (r = 0,946, p < 0,0001), tak IgAλ (r = 0,872, p = 0,0001). Součty hladin dominantního i alternativního IgA imunoglobulinu významně korelovaly s celkovou hladinou imunoglobulinu IgA stanoveného nefelometricky (r = 0,994, p < 0,0001). Závěr: Je patrné, že systém HevyLiteTM nadějně doplňuje soubor vyšetření, používaných standardně při sledování MG, zejména pak v případech s velmi nízkou koncentrací MIG či jen pouhé pozitivity imunofixační elektroforézy. Pro definitivní zhodnocení přínosu vyšetření pro klinickou praxi je nutné získání dalších zkušeností., Objective: Typical features of monoclonal gammopathy (MG) include the presence of monoclonal immunoglobulin (MIG) molecules or their fragments in the serum and/or urine. The latest test which extends the range of MIG examination possibilities is the HevyLiteTM system, using principally a couple of specific antibodies against junctional epitopes between the domains of heavy and light immunoglobulin chains in constant regions. The study aimed at implementing the HevyLiteTM system and performing a pilot analysis in the group of IgA-type MG patients. Settings: Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Olomouc. Material and methods: The studied group consisted of 24 patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and 7 individuals with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). The HevyLiteTM system (The Binding Site, UK) was used to determine the serum levels of IgAκ, IgAλ as well as the BN II analyser (Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics). The ratio of IgAκ/IgAλ was determined by calculation. Results: The patients in the active disease stage revealed highly pathological levels of the dominant MIG, with suppressed levels of the alternative IgA immunoglobulin, and significant influence on the IgAκ/IgAλ ratio. 5 out of the 6 patients who had achieved a complete remission showed a normal IgAκ/IgAλ ratio, 1 patient had suppression of both IgA with a modified IgAκ/IgAλ ratio. All individuals with MGUS revealed abnormal levels as well as ratio of IgAκ/IgAλ, one patient with a low-risk disease type had the IgAκ/IgAλ ratio value slightly above the threshold. When comparing the results of M-protein determination by the method of HevyLiteTM and electrophoresis, Spearman‘s correlation analysis confirmed a very close correlation of M-protein levels regarding IgAκ (r = 0.946, p < 0.0001) as well as IgAλ (r = 0.872, p = 0.0001). The summations of the dominant as well as alternative IgA immunoglobulin levels substantially correlated with the general level of IgA immunoglobulin determined nephelometrically (r = 0.994, p < 0.0001). Conclusion: It seems, that the HevyLiteTM system promisingly complements the set of examinations used routinely by MG monitoring, in particular by very low concentrations of MIG, or the mere positivity of the immunofixation electrophoresis. Further experience needs to be gained in order to fully assess the benefits of this examination for clinical practice., Pika T., Heřmanová Z., Lochman P., Zapletalová J., Minařík J., Bačovský J., Ščudla V., and Lit.: 14
Základem terapie karcinomu kolon bez vzdálených metastáz je kompletní chirurgické odstranění nádorové tkáně a adekvátní adjuvantní systémová chemoterapie. U nemocných s metastatickým nádorem je nutné identifikovat ty pacienty, kteří by mohli mít prospěch z metastazektomie. U generalizovaného kolorektálního karcinomu chemoterapie a terapie cílenými léky významně prodlužují dobu do progrese, celkové přežití a zlepšují kvalitu života pacientů., Complete surgical removal of the primary tumour and regional lymph nodes is the most important step in curative treatment of nonmetastatic colorectal cancer. Adjuvant chemotherapy significantly increases the proportion of patients surviving long-term without evidence of disease. Chemotherapy and targeted therapy have become the mainstay of metastatic colorectal cancer treatment. It is critical to identify those patients with metastatic disease who could benefit from metastasectomy., Tomáš Büchler, and Lit.: 45
Few studies concerning the importance of wheat allergy affecting the course of atopic eczema in adolescents and adult patients exist. Aim: The evaluation if wheat allergy can deteriorate the course of atopic eczema. Follow-up of patients with confirmed food allergy to wheat. Method: Altogether 179 persons suffering from atopic eczema were included in the study: 51 men and 128 women entered the study with an average age of 26.2 (s.d. 9.5 years) Dermatological and allergological examinations were performed, including skin prick tests, atopy patch tests, and specific serum IgE for wheat, open exposure test and double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge test with wheat flour. Results: Wheat allergy affecting the coures of atopic eczema was confirmed in eight patients (4.5%) out of 179 patients enrolled in this study by double-blind, placebo controlled food challenge test. The course of atopic eczema showed a positive trend in patients with confirmed food allergy at 3, 6, 9, 12 month follow-up (statistical evaluation with paired t-test) after the elimination of wheat flour. Conclusion: Wheat allergy may play an important role in the worsening of atopic eczema (acting as a triggering exacerbating factor) only in a minority of adolescents and adult patients (4.5% in our study). The diagnostic methods (skin prick test, specific IgE, atopy patch test, history) cannot be used as separated tests for the determination of food allergy to wheat in patients with atopic eczema.Open exposure tests and double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge should be used for the confirmation of wheat allergy affecting the course of atopic eczema., Jarmila Čelakovská, Květuše Ettlerová, Karel Ettler, Jaroslava Vaněčková, Josef Bukač, and Literatura 34
Pharmaceutical industry - one of the few areas in which innovations affect all of us, because ultimately have a direct impact on the duration and quality of life for us and our loved ones. In the presence of a strong market and a lack of understanding of the need for innovation is necessary, in our opinion, investing in basic research and facilitate the process of innovation in the pharmaceutical industry by the state and society. For the targeted development of pharmaceutical industry seems appropriate to determine at the state level prospects for the domestic pharmaceutical industry and its role in the international market, and develop a drug "doctrine" of Russia. This paper analyzed the problems of the state associated with the pharmaceutical market in the globalization period. Also investigated the theoretical aspects of the modern study of globalization in the light of the analysis for the global pharmaceutical industry and analyzes the major political and economic factors that have the most significant impact on the production of pharmaceuticals., Natalia Klunko, Reta Marynia, and Literatura
Wound healing is a complex physiological process important for tissue homeostasis. An acute injury initiates massive cell migration, proliferation and differentiation, synthesis of extracellular matrix components, scar formation and remodelling. Blood flow and tissue oxygenation are parts of the complex regulation of healing. Higher organisms utilize molecular oxygen as a terminal oxidant. This way of gaining energy for vital processes such as healing leads to the production of a number of oxygen compounds that may have a defensive or informatory role. They may be harmful when present in high concentrations. Both the lack and the excess of reactive oxygen species may influence healing negatively., Jiří Kanta, and Literatura 6
Rubber dam is considered an ideal device for tooth isolation. Nevertheless, its usage is quite rare in the Czech Republic. The aim of this study was: firstly, to gather and evaluate information regarding the use of rubber dam by dentists in the Czech Republic and to compare it with other countries; secondly to find out whether there are any influencing factors as to rubber dam usage; and finally to find out frequency of rubber dam use separately in endodontic treatment and in placing fillings of different materials. A questionnaire-based survey was conducted. Dentists filled in the questionnaires during dental conventions, educational events, conferences and congresses. Rubber dam was routinely used by less than eight per cent of the respondents (n = 35); less than twenty-two per cent of the respondents (n = 97) used rubber dam occasionally, and more than seventy per cent of the respondents (n = 317) has never use it. The results showed that rubber dam is not used frequently in the Czech Republic. If rubber dam is used, then it is typically for endodontic treatment or composite fillings. There were several factors with a statistically significant influence on the usage of rubber dam, such as gender, length of professional career, percentage of direct payments, previous experience in using rubber dam, and undergraduate training in rubber dam use., Martin Kapitán, Zdeňka Šustová, and Literatura 22
Mediterranean spotted fever (MSF) in Bulgaria shows increasing severity, especially in patients over sixty years. As T lymphocytes are the primary effector cells in MSF and are altered by the ageing process we aimed to specify the changes in their numbers in elderly patients. We performed a clinicoepidemiological study, haematological and biochemical analysis of 132 patients of 60+ and 30 patients between 19 and 57 years with MSF. We investigated the cell immunity of 20 patients of 60+ using immunofluocytometry. The control group consisted of 10 younger patients and 10 healthy individuals of 60+. MSF showed more unfavourable course in the elderly.We found T-lymphocytes depletion in all patients with MSF. Activated T lymphocytes were increased in elderly patients with MSF. We found significant differences between the number of activated T lymphocytes in elderly patients and healthy elderly persons. The observed T-lymphocytes depletion in MSF corresponded to the disease severity. The increase in the activated T lymphocytes in patients over 60 years contributes to an adequate immune response., Margarita Gospodinova, and Literatura