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17712. Mýtus ontologického personalismu
- Creator:
- Suchánek , Marek
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- osoba, morální status, ontologický personalismus, empirický funkcionalismus, personhood, moral status, ontological personalism, and empirical functionalism
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Článek se věnuje kritice ontologického personalismu, podle kterého je každý lidský jedinec osobou na základě té skutečnosti, že patří do biologického druhu Homo sapiens. Je ukázáno, že druhové členství Homo sapiens není nutnou ani postačující podmínkou k získání morálního statusu osoby, protože jedinec by měl být osobou díky tomu, že vlastní jisté osobu-činící charakteristiky, a nikoli proto, že patří do jisté genealogické linie. Dále je představeno genetické kritérium osoby, podle kterého je lidským jedincům vrozená základní kapacita, kterou mají od počátku jejich existence. Tato kapacita zapříčiňuje u těchto jedinců vývoj osobu-činících charakteristik. Lidský jedinec je díky této kapacitě osobou už od okamžiku početí, a nikoli až když se mu dostatečně vyvinou osobu-činící charakteristiky. Ukázal jsem mimo jiné, že genetické kritérium osoby je morálně nezdůvodnitelné, protože by nemělo být morálně relevantní vlastnění určité kapacity (DNA), ale reálná dispozice projevit tuto kapacitu. and The article deals with criticism of ontological personalism. According to ontological personalism every human being is a person because he belongs to the biological species Homo sapiens. It is shown that the membership of Homo sapiens is not a necessary or sufficient condition for obtaining the moral status of a person. An individual should be a person because they possess certain personal characteristics and not because they belong to a certain genealogical line. Further, the article deals with the genetic criterion of a person. Human individuals have innate basic capacity that they have from the beginning of their existence. The human individual is therefore a person from the moment of conception. I have shown, among others, that the genetic criterion of a person is morally unjustified. There is no morally re levant h aving certain capacities (DNA), but the real disposition to show this capacity.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
17713. Mýtus orientální tanečnice a zrod moderního tance
- Creator:
- Heroldová, Helena
- Format:
- Type:
- model:internalpart and TEXT
- Language:
- Czech
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
17714. Mýty a fakta policejní databáze profilů DNA
- Creator:
- Kožina, Jiří
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Language:
- Czech
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
17715. Mýty a skutečnosti o lese a lesnictví v České republice
- Creator:
- Vejlupek, Michal and Vašíček, Jaromír
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Language:
- Czech
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
17716. Mýty a skutečnosti: (Ad Vesmír 84, 680, 2005/11)
- Creator:
- Bláha, Jaromír
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Language:
- Czech
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
17717. Mýty a trendy v technologiích prostředků STANO na úrovni družstva
- Creator:
- Chlup, Filip
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- STANO, thermography, MKZJO, diodový laser, and nechlazená termovize
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- The abilities of diurnal and nocturnal observation and the acquisition of the targets are considered to be the principal functions which determine the NATO Armed Forces technological superiority. The fact, that the particular part of electromagnetic spectrum is their common technological denominator and the visual perception is their response, has earmarked from the modern NATO technologies (C4ISTAR architecture) the separate group - the STANO assets (Surveillance, Target Acquisition, Night Observation). Nowadays, the overall integration of these recourses is proceeding on the lowest degrees of the Armed Forces within the scope of the national programs so-called the Soldier of future. Not only the advantages in the form of the miniaturization, the systemic interconnection of the single technologies and the energy intensity reduction but also the rediscovery of the classical technologies force like e.g. the optical layer, are beneficial. The different methods of the USA integration and the integration of the large states of the “Old Continent” in association with their diverse know-how for the partial technologies are putting the difficult task of the choice of the right trend before small NATO states. The same questions, milestones and myths, which had arose before six years at the beginning of the modernization programs, are recurring presently. Following text partly presents some simple tests of the technologies, which are used by STANO devices, partly points out to different attitudes and compares already established STANO assets with introduction of the new trends. and Schopnosti denního pozorování, akvizice cílů a nočního pozorování jsou jedny ze základních funkcionalit určující technologickou převahu armád NATO. Skutečnost, že jejich společným technologickým jmenovatelem je konkrétní část elektromagnetického spektra a jejich odezvou je obrazový vjem, vyčlenila ze systému moderních technologií NATO, tzv.C4ISTAR architektury, samostatnou skupinu - prostředky STANO (Surveillance, Target Acquisition, Night Observation). V současnosti probíhá plošná integrace těchto prostředků na nejnižší stupně armád v rámci národních programů tzv. vojáka budoucnosti. Přínosem jsou výhody v podobě miniaturizace, systémového propojování jednotlivých technologií, snižování energetické náročnosti a také znovuobjevování síly klasických technologií jako jsou např. optické vrstvy. Odlišné cesty integrace Spojených států amerických a velkých států starého kontinentu spolu sjejich různým know-how pro dílčí technologie předkládá malým státům NATO nelehký úkol volby správného směru. Opakují se stejné otázky, milníky a mýty, které vyvstávaly před šesti lety na počátku modernizačních programů. Následující text uvádí některé jednoduché testy technologií používaných u prostředků STANO, upozorňuje na rozdílné přístupy a srovnává již konkrétně zavedené prostředky STANO spolu s uváděním nových trendů.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
17718. Myxidium biliare sp. n. (Myxozoa) from gall bladder of Galaxias maculatus (Osmeriformes: Galaxiidae) in Patagonia (Argentina)
- Creator:
- Viozzi, Gustavo P. and Flores, Verónica R.
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Myxidium biliare, Myxosporea, Galaxias maculatus, fish, Patagonia, and Argentina
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Myxidium biliare sp. n., a new myxosporean species parasitizing the gall bladder of Galaxias maculatus (Jenyns), in Patagonia, is described. Its coelozoic plasmodia were floating free in the bile. Spores are fusiform 13.7 ± 0.9 µm long and 6.9 ± 0.6 µm wide, with rounded ends in frontal view and slightly pointed ends in sutural view; shell with ridges and sinuous sutural line. Both maximum prevalence and maximum percentage of immature plasmodia occurred in summer. In winter the prevalence and the percentage of immature plasmodia fell to their lowest values. Prevalence was independent of host sex but increased with host length. Prevalence in 15 Patagonian Andean lakes (situated from 39°25'S to 41°30'S) ranged between 4.2% and 70%.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
17719. Myxobolus buckei sp. n. (Myxozoa), a new pathogenic parasite from the spinal column of three cyprinid fishes from the United Kingdom
- Creator:
- Longshaw, Matt, Frear, Paul, and Feist, Stephen W.
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Myxozoa, Bivalvulida, Myxobolus, histopathology, spine, taxonomy, Leuciscus cephalus, Rutilus rutilus, and Abramis brama
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Myxobolus buckei sp. n. is described from the spinal column of Leuciscus cephalus (L.), Rutilus rutilus (L.) and Abramis brama (L.) from freshwater rivers in the North of England. The plasmodia develop within the remnants of the embryonic notochord in the intervertebral spaces. The spores are large, measuring (in µm) 14.0 ± 0.7 × 11.5 ± 0.6 (mean ± SD), smooth, round to ellipsoid in valvular view with several sutural edge markings. The polar capsules are pyriform and of equal size, measuring 7.5 ± 0.5 × 4.2 ± 0.2 (mean ± SD), with 11-12 turns of the polar filament arranged perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the polar capsule. The parasite has a large intercapsular appendix and large iodinophorous vacuole. The parasite can be differentiated from all known species of Myxobolus Bütschli, 1882 by a combination of the morphological characters defined. Infected fish show marked longitudinal compression of the body compared to uninfected individuals of the same year class, a feature which is pathognomonic for the disease. Histologically, host responses ranged from mild hypertrophy of the zygapophyseal process and expansion of the intervertebral membrane to complete hypertrophy and fusion of the vertebrae. Prominent notochord is present in the intervertebral spaces of infected fish and sporogony of the parasite leads to a vigorous focal inflammatory response involving proliferating fibroblast and osteogenic cells. The parasite causes a radial expansion of the centra and extensive dorsal and ventral outgrowths of the vertebrae leading to compression of the spinal cord and blood vessels running through the neural and haemal spines respectively. The parasite is considered highly pathogenic to juvenile cyprinids.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
17720. Myxobolus intrachondrealis sp. n. (Myxosporea: Myxobolidae), a parasite of the gill cartilage of the common carp, Cyprinus carpio
- Creator:
- Molnár, Kálmán
- Format:
- Type:
- model:internalpart and TEXT
- Subject:
- Myxozoa, Myxobolus, new species, gill cartilage, and histology
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- A species not identifiable with any of the about 23 Myxobolus species recorded from the common carp so far, was detected in the gills of one- and two-summer-old specimens of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) cultured in pond farms in Hungary. The strictly tissue-specific plasmodia of the parasite were located, surrounded by hyaline cartilage cells, in the chondrous substance of the terminal parts of the gill arches and in the cartilage structure vcntrally connecting the gill arches. The spores of the parasite described as Myxobolus intrachondrealis sp. n. developed in globular or ellipsoidal plasmodia measuring 300-600 pm. By their elongated ellipsoidal shape and similarly elongated polar capsules the spores were well distinguishable from the hitherto described Myxobolus species parasitic in the common carp and also from the cartilage-parasitic Myxobolus species of other fishes.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public