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7522. Dynamics of COVID-19’s psychological impact in the Czech Republic: situation during spring 2020
- Creator:
- Stuchlíková, Iva, Kučera, Dalibor, Mrhálek, Tomáš, Potužníková, Eva, and Plassová, Michaela
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- COVID-19, Czech Republic, mental health, first wave, temporal dynamics, covid-19, Česká republika, duševní zdraví, první vlna, and časová dynamika
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Studie představuje výsledky výzkumu zaměřeného na psychologické dopady spojené s epidemií covid-19 v České republice v průběhu měsíců březen–květen 2020. Cílem studie je sledovat a popsat dynamiku psychologických ukazatelů v čase, s ohledem na vývoj situace v ČR – od prvního nárůstu počtu nakažených a výrazných restrikcí, přes kulminaci a ústup první vlny epidemie, až k pomalému návratu do stavu uvolněných restrikcí. Výzkum pracuje se souborem 2716 respondentů ve věku 18–89 let, kteří se zúčastnili on-line dotazníkového šetření, případně byli dotazováni trénovanými výzkumnými asistenty (zejm. v případě seniorů a dalších osob, kteří neměli přístup k internetu). Výzkumná data zahrnovala deskriptivy účastníků a výsledky psychologických testů zaměřených na emoční stavy respondentů, jejich psychický nepokoj (distres) a přítomnost úzkosti a deprese. Tyto psychologické ukazatele byly sledovány jak v celém souboru, tak ve skupinách podle pohlaví a věku. Výsledky dokládají, že nastalá epidemická situace souvisela s výrazným nárůstem negativního emočního prožívání, se symptomatikou psychického nepokoje, úzkostí a depresí, a to až do období kulminace. Poté bylo zaznamenáno postupné zlepšování psychického stavu dotazovaných osob. Negativní dopady byly výraznější v populaci mladších dospělých a v populaci žen. Výsledky poukazují také na rozdílnosti v míře reportovaného stresu u izolovaných osob, které byly dotazovány zprostředkovaně (asistenty), oproti osobám, které reportovaly svůj stav přímo do dotazníku. V případě nezprostředkovaného dotazování byly hodnoty negativních psychických ukazatelů vyšší, oproti osobám, které byly dotazovány asistenty. and The study presents the results of a screening focused on the psychological impact associated with the outbreak and further development of COVID-19 pandemic in the Czech population during March – May 2020. The aim of the study was to investigate temporal dynamics of psychological impact covering the first wave of the epidemic, i.e., first phases of the epidemic growth, culmination, decrease, and slow return to a normal lifestyle. The sample of 2716 respondents aged between 18 and 89 years participated in an online survey from March 18th to May 25th, 2020; part of them (typically seniors and others, who had not access to the internet) were assisted in entering the data by trained interviewers. The survey comprised questionnaires capturing emotional states, psychological disturbance, anxiety, and depression. The changes in the scores by pandemic phase (time frame) were studied for the whole sample and for gender and age groups. The results show that the threat of COVID-19 caused a significant increase in negative emotional experience and in the symptoms of psychological disturbance, anxiety, and depression in the Czech population in time of infection culmination, even when the spread of the pandemic was well controlled, and then a gradual decline over time. The data indicated that the pandemic situation had a more pronounced impact on women and younger adults. The study also showed that in situations of pandemic stress associated with isolation, when isolated people are interviewed about their mental state, their reports on negative experiencing might be significantly reduced compared to direct anonymous selfreports data entry.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
7523. Dynamics of cytokine production in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated by LPS, or infected by Borrelia
- Creator:
- Ladislav Janský, Reymanová, P., and Kopecký, J.
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, horečka, cytokiny, fever, cytokines, lipopolysaccharide, borrelia, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- To specify the role of individual cytokines in the immune response to pyrogens, isolated and cultivated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were used for the experiments. Different pyrogens (lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli - LPS and live Borrelia afzelii) were applied and the time course of changes in concentrations of different cytokines in the medium was followed using the ELISA method. It was found that nonstimulated human PBMC proliferate under in vitro conditions and produce IL-6, TNF-a, IL-10 and finally also IL-1b. Productions of IL-12 and INF-g are not changed. Proliferation of PBMC is potentiated after incubation with LPS or live Borrelia. PBMC stimulated by LPS increase the net production (stimulated minus unstimulated) of IL-1b and TNF-a significantly, while production of IL-6 was smaller. A delayed increase in the production of IL-10 was also observed. Productions of IL-12 and INF-g were not influenced. In contrast to LPS, stimulation of PBMC with live Borrelia, increases also the production of IL-12 and IFN-g, besides IL-1b, TNF-a, IL-6 and IL-10. Productions of IL-1b, IL-6 and TNFa increased immediately after incubation with both LPS and Borrelia, while productions of IL-12 and INF-g begin to increase 8 hours and production of IL-10 12 hours after stimulation. Data indicate that stimulation with different pyrogens may activate the cells of the immune cascade in a different way. Stimulation of BPMC by LPS seems to activate the initial steps of the immune response (macrophages and granulocytes) only, while infection with live Borrelia also stimulates the later phase of the immune response, probably due to effect of initially produced cytokines., L. Janský, P. Reymanová, J. Kopecký., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
7524. Dynamics of cytokine production in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated by LPS, or infected by Borrelia
- Creator:
- Ladislav Janský, Reymanová, P., and Kopecký, J.
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, horečka, cytokiny, fever, cytokines, lipopolysaccharide, borrelia, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- To specify the role of individual cytokines in the immune response to pyrogens, isolated and cultivated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were used for the experiments. Different pyrogens (lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli - LPS and live Borrelia afzelii) were applied and the time course of changes in concentrations of different cytokines in the medium was followed using the ELISA method. It was found that nonstimulated human PBMC proliferate under in vitro conditions and produce IL-6, TNF-a, IL-10 and finally also IL-1b. Productions of IL-12 and INF-g are not changed. Proliferation of PBMC is potentiated after incubation with LPS or live Borrelia. PBMC stimulated by LPS increase the net production (stimulated minus unstimulated) of IL-1b and TNF-a significantly, while production of IL-6 was smaller. A delayed increase in the production of IL-10 was also observed. Productions of IL-12 and INF-g were not influenced. In contrast to LPS, stimulation of PBMC with live Borrelia, increases also the production of IL-12 and IFN-g, besides IL-1b, TNF-a, IL-6 and IL-10. Productions of IL-1b, IL-6 and TNFa increased immediately after incubation with both LPS and Borrelia, while productions of IL-12 and INF-g begin to increase 8 hours and production of IL-10 12 hours after stimulation. Data indicate that stimulation with different pyrogens may activate the cells of the immune cascade in a different way. Stimulation of BPMC by LPS seems to activate the initial steps of the immune response (macrophages and granulocytes) only, while infection with live Borrelia also stimulates the later phase of the immune response, probably due to effect of initially produced cytokines., L. Janský, P. Reymanová, J. Kopecký., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
7525. Dynamics of machines 2008
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Language:
- English
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
7526. Dynamics of organic carbon losses by water erosion after biocrust removal
- Creator:
- Cantón, Yolanda, Román, Jose Raúl, Chamizo, Sonia, Rodríguez-Caballero, Emilio, and Moro, María José
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- biological soil crust, dissolved OC, sediment OC, runoff, biocrust disturbance, and physical crust
- Language:
- Slovak
- Description:
- In arid and semiarid ecosystems, plant interspaces are frequently covered by communities of cyanobacteria, algae, lichens and mosses, known as biocrusts. These crusts often act as runoff sources and are involved in soil stabilization and fertility, as they prevent erosion by water and wind, fix atmospheric C and N and contribute large amounts of C to soil. Their contribution to the C balance as photosynthetically active surfaces in arid and semiarid regions is receiving growing attention. However, very few studies have explicitly evaluated their contribution to organic carbon (OC) lost from runoff and erosion, which is necessary to ascertain the role of biocrusts in the ecosystem C balance. Furthermore, biocrusts are not resilient to physical disturbances, which generally cause the loss of the biocrust and thus, an increase in runoff and erosion, dust emissions, and sediment and nutrient losses. The aim of this study was to find out the influence of biocrusts and their removal on dissolved and sediment organic carbon losses. One-hour extreme rainfall simulations (50 mm h-1) were performed on small plots set up on physical soil crusts and three types of biocrusts, representing a development gradient, and also on plots where these crusts were removed from. Runoff and erosion rates, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and organic carbon bonded to sediments (SdOC) were measured during the simulated rain. Our results showed different SdOC and DOC for the different biocrusts and also that the presence of biocrusts substantially decreased total organic carbon (TOC) (average 1.80±1.86 g m-2) compared to physical soil crusts (7.83±3.27 g m-2). Within biocrusts, TOC losses decreased as biocrusts developed, and erosion rates were lower. Thus, erosion drove TOC losses while no significant direct relationships were found between TOC losses and runoff. In both physical crusts and biocrusts, DOC and SdOC concentrations were higher during the first minutes after runoff began and decreased over time as nutrient-enriched fine particles were washed away by runoff water. Crust removal caused a strong increase in water erosion and TOC losses. The strongest impacts on TOC losses after crust removal occurred on the lichen plots, due to the increased erosion when they were removed. DOC concentration was higher in biocrust-removed soils than in intact biocrusts, probably because OC is more strongly retained by BSC structures, but easily blown away in soils devoid of them. However, SdOC concentration was higher in intact than removed biocrusts associated with greater OC content in the top crust than in the soil once the crust is scraped off. and Consequently, the loss of biocrusts leads to OC impoverishment of nutrient-limited interplant spaces in arid and semiarid areas and the reduction of soil OC heterogeneity, essential for vegetation productivity and functioning of this type of ecosystems.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
7527. Dynamics of rodent abundance and ground-nest predation risks in forest habitats of Central Europe: no evidence for the alternative prey hypothesis
- Creator:
- Ježková, Martina, Svobodová, Jana, and Kreisinger, Jakub
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- edge effect, generalist predators, shared predation hypothesis, and prey distribution
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Birds’ nesting success may vary significantly between years. Ample evidence exists that this variation is caused by temporal fluctuations in rodent populations, as rodents are important components in the diets of nest predators. The alternative prey hypothesis supposes that generalist predators switch to alternative prey (bird nests) when their main prey (rodents) is lacking, thus causing increased nest predation. According to the shared predation hypothesis, by contrast, predator density is enhanced at rodent population peaks and results in simultaneous increase in main and alternative prey predation. To evaluate these hypotheses, nest predation rate dynamics were examined using artificial nests (n = 560) and rodent abundance (2240 traps) during four breeding seasons in Central European (the Czech Republic) secondary forests. Although rodent abundance increased at the population peak by almost seven times compared to the baseline and nest predation rate also showed significant inter-year variation, the data support neither the alternative prey nor shared predation hypotheses. In rich ecosystems with complex trophic levels, predators can use many resources as alternative prey. Therefore, bird nest predation risk does not increase or decrease in periods of low rodent abundance.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
7528. Dynamics of the IgG3 responses following immunisation of BALB/c mice with somatic and excretory/secretory antigens from various Trichinella species
- Creator:
- Dea-Ayuela, Maria Auxiliadora and Bolas-Fernández, Francisco
- Format:
- Type:
- model:internalpart and TEXT
- Subject:
- Trichinella species, antigens, immunisation, and Ig03
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Comparison of the dynamics and antigen recognition profiles of IgG3 following immunisation with larval crude extracts (LCE) and excretory-secretory (ES) products from muscle larvae of different species of Trichinella (T. spiralis, T. nativa, T. britovi, T. nelsoni and genotype T6) was made in BALB/c mice. High levels of IgG3 response were obtained in ELISA following immunisation with LCE from all species with maximum levels achieved between days 59 and 64 post-immunisation (p.i.) and maintained up to the limit of the observation (day 164). Antigen recognition profiles as measured by western-blot showed dense and numerous bands in the range 45-64 kDa that were consistent from week 5lh with variation in epitope recognition among the different species. Following immunisation with ES antigens a significant decrease in IgG3 response was observed for all species especially for T. nativa in comparison to LCE. Antigen recognition on ĽS antigens showed three main bands in the range of 45-60 kDa for all species excepting T. nelsoni and T. britovi where an additional band was also present. These results clearly show that IgG3 epitopes are more abundanl in somatic (LCE) than in ES products of Trichinella muscle larvae and that quantitative as well as qualitative variations exist among different species.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
7529. Dynamics of the photosynthetic apparatus during ontogeny of cereal plants
- Creator:
- Ivanchenko, V.M. and Ashgirevich, A.N.
- Format:
- Type:
- model:internalpart and TEXT
- Language:
- Multiple languages
- Description:
- Both the biochemical and functional modifications of photosynthetic apparatus were observed during whole plant ontogeny. Net photosynthetic rate (Pn)» contents of photosystem (PS) 2 reaction centres, cytochromes 6559, and/ rates of electron- transport, cyclic and noncyclic photophosphorylation increased up till generative organs formation: a gradual decline followed as a result of senescence. The drop in activity of the electron-transport chain during senescence lead to the decline in content of PS2 reaction centres and Pn
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
7530. Dynamics of tissue ubiquitin pools and ubiquitin-proteasome pathway component activities during the systemic response to traumatic shock
- Creator:
- Patel, M. P., Earle, S. A., and Majetschak, Matthias
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Patologie. Klinická medicína, biochemie, traumatologie, šok (lékařství), biochemistry, traumatology, shock (medicine), proteasome endopeptidase complex, ubiquitin-protein ligase complex, ATP-dependent 26S protease, epoxomicin, 14, and 616
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Based on the biological significance of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UPP) and its potential role during sepsis, burns and ischemia-reperfusion injury, we hypothesized that the systemic response to traumatic shock (TS) is accompanied by tissue-specific UPP alterations. Therefore, we studied tissue ubiquitin pools, chymotryptic- and tryptic-like proteasome peptidase activities and ubiquitin-protein ligation (UbPL) rates in skeletal muscle, heart, lung, liver, spleen and kidney using a clinically relevant porcine model (bilateral femur fracture/hemorrhage followed by fluid resuscitation). TS induced a systemic reduction of tissue- specific high molecular mass ubiquitin-protein conjugates (>50 kDa). Free ubiquitin was unaffected. The dynamic organ patterns of ubiquitin pools paralleled the typical physiological response to TS and resuscitation. Reduction of ubiquitin-protein conjugates was most pronounced in heart and lung (p<0.05 vs. control) and accompanied by significant increases in proteasome peptidase and UbPL activities in these organs. Unlike all other tissues, spleen proteasome peptidase and UbPL activities were significantly reduced 10 h after TS. These findings support the concept that the UPP could play an important role in regulation of cell functions during the early whole-body response to TS. The UPP might be a therapeutic target to improve the metabolic care after TS, particularly in the heart, lung, and spleen., M. B. Patel, S. A. Earle, M. Majetschak., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public