Charles Darwin is celebrated for his claim that man and primates developed from a common ancestor. Man has been, since Darwin, treated by science as a biological species and scientists often compare his faculties to the instincts of animals. At the same time, the other side of Darwin’s discovery is forgotten – animals are similar to man in their behaviour and emotions. While for Darwin himself an anthropomorphic view of animals was self-evident, many contemporary Darwinists prefer a mechanical model. These two contradictory tendencies are established here by reference to the work of the biologists Richard Dawkins and Frans de Waal. The difference of perspective from which animals are viewed can be best seen in connection with the problem-area of morality and its evolutionary origin. It is shown that the empirical orientation of de Waal is fundamentally closer to the Darwinian tradition of research than Dawkins’ theoretical approach.
Nádorová onemocnění jsou vážný medicínský a společenský problém. Podle evropských statistik se v současné době daří vyléčit přibližně 45 % všech pacientů, u nichž bylo nádorové onemocnění diagnostikováno. Nezastupitelnou úlohu v procesu ošetřovatelské péče sehrává sestra, která pomáhá pacientům zvládat jejich nelehkou životní situaci. Článek je zaměřen na některé psychosociální aspekty při ošetřování pacientů s onkologickým onemocněním a zvládání bolesti u těchto nemocných., Tumour diseases represent a serious medical and social problem. According to European statistics currently about 45% of all patients, who have been diagnosed with cancer, can be cured. The nurse who helps the patients cope with their uneasy life situation plays an unsubstitutable role in the process of nursing care. The paper is focused on some psychosocial aspects in nursing of patients with oncology diseases and pain management in these patiens., Eva Zacharová, and Literatura
Výzkumné šetření má tři hlavní cíle, které se zaměřují na hledání souvislostí mezi vybranými copingovými strategiemi a partnerskou spokojeností. Na základě prostudovaných zdrojů bylo stanoveno 10 výzkumných hypotéz. Výzkumný soubor tvořilo 60 respondentů (30 párů). Jednalo se o onkologické pacienty a jejich intimní partnery. Data byla získávána prostřednictvím vytvořeného dotazníku. První část byla zaměřena na zjišťování vybraných sociodemografických údajů. Další část byla tvořena položkami z metody WOC-CA (Dunkel-Schetter et al., 1992) určenými k měření copingových strategií. Třetí část tvořily položky z metody DAS (Spanier, 1976) pro měření partnerské spokojenosti. Na základě statistické analýzy se nepodařilo potvrdit stanovené předpoklady. and The research has three main objectives which focuse on finding links between chosen coping strategies and relationship satisfaction. Ten hypotheses were determined on the basis of literary sources. The research sample consisted of 60 respondents (30 pairs). It included the oncological patients and their intimate partners. The data were collected by using questionnaires. The first part focused on the detection of the socio-demographic data. The second part was made up of items from the method WOC-CA (Dunkel-Schetter et al., 1992) designed to measure coping strategies. The third section included items of method DAS (Spanier, 1976) for measuring relationship satisfaction. The statistical analysis was not able to confirm the research assumptions.
The article first outlines the three major phases of Islamization of Bengal, focusing particulary on the phase of mass Islamization of rural native population, which was characterized by strong tendencies to syncretism with local religious traditions. This syncretistic environment is then described in more detail with special emphasis on the Naths, Vaisnava Sahajiya, and their generally Tantric-yogicbackground. The literature that emerged from this environment is further introduced as a vehicle of mediation between the Perso-Arabic Islamic tradition and Bengalic cultural milieu. As this milieu was conspicuously Tantric in character, the article pays special attention to esoteric Islamic texts, which reveal considerable popularity of various Tantric-yogic notions and bodily techniques among Bengali Muslims., Kristýna Himmerová., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Although it has been generally reported that carnivorous plants of the genus Nepenthes are not very selective about their prey, the new studies have shown that the genus is under a strong selective pressure to specialize in certain prey. Moreover, novel nutrient sequestration strategies have recently been described, including leaf litter and faeces utilization. Thus the genus Nepenthes is a new and illustrative example of adaptive radiation with regard to nitrogen sequestration strategy. and Andrej Pavlovič.