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12. Dandelions in Central Asia: a revision of Taraxacum section Stenoloba
- Creator:
- Kirschner, Jan and Štěpánek, Jan
- Type:
- article and TEXT
- Subject:
- agamospermy, Altai, Compositae-Lactuceae, China, Mongolia, Siberia, Taraxacum, and taxonomy
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- On the basis of rich material from Asia, a recently described group of dandelions, Taraxacum sect. Stenoloba Kirschner et Štěpánek, is revised taxonomically. Four previously described species are recognized: T. sinomongolicum, newly typified, T. mongoliforme, with a lectotype replacing the original holotype now not extant, and a new epitype, T. scariosum, a new combination of Leontodon scariosus Tausch, replacing the frequently confused names, T. asiaticum, newly typified, and T. stenolobum, and T. multisectum, a taxon for the first time compared with other members of the section. Three new species are described: T. abax occupies a large range from S Siberia and Mongolia to NE China, T. abalienatum and T. odibile are known from Mongolia and SE Siberia. Taraxacum abax and T. abalienatum represent core species of the section Stenoloba, whilst T. odibile exhibits a mixture of characters of sections Stenoloba and Leucantha. All the known members of the section Stenoloba are agamosperms. Taraxacum mongoliforme, T. abax and T. scariosum proved to be triploid with 2n = 24. This account includes detailed descriptions and an identification key.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
13. Detection and molecular characterisation of intestinal parasites in the South China tiger Panthera tigris amoyensis (Hilzheimer)
- Creator:
- Chiu, Hung-chuan, Fan, Kewei, Sun, Xiaoshuang, Lin, Kaixiong, Chen, Tengteng, Yang, Fei, Qiu, Yunfei, Wei, Dongxia, and Huang, Cuiqin
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Mini-FLOTAC, Toxascaris leonina, Cystoisospora sp., Felidae, Meihua, mountain, and China
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Parasitic infections of the South China tigers in the Meihua Mountains have not been explored previously. Faeces of 22 South China tigers from the China Tiger Park in the Meihua Mountains were examined. Eggs of ascaridoid nematodes and oocysts of coccidia were detected by Mini-FLOTAC assay. Morphological observation and molecular characterisation of the oocysts were carried out. The prevalence of Toxascaris leonina (von Linstow, 1902) was 18% (4/22), and the highest egg per gram (EPG) count in the faeces was 27,150. The prevalence of Cystoisospora sp. was 45% (1 0/22) and the highest oocysts per gram (OPG) in the faeces was 6,000. In addition, we found one ascaridoid nematode in the South China tiger's faeces and was molecularly and morphologically identified as T. leonina. The oocysts in the faeces were sporulated in vitro and identified as Cystoisospora sp. Amplification of full-length internal transcribed spacers (ITS) resulted in sequences 1,622 bp long. Using the sequences, Cystoisospora sp. of the South China tiger was closest to Isospora belli (Wenyon, 1923) and Cystoisospora suis (Biester, 1934).
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
14. Differential treatment in the Chinese labor market: is hukou type the only problem?
- Creator:
- Sargsyan, Vahan
- Publisher:
- CERGE-EI
- Format:
- electronic, bez média, svazek, and 24 stran
- Type:
- model:monograph and TEXT
- Subject:
- Práce, trh práce, diskriminace v zaměstnání, labor market, discrimination in employment, Čína, China, 331.5, 316.647.82:331.102, (510), (048.8), 4, and 331
- Language:
- English and Czech
- Description:
- Vahan Sargsyan., Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy, and České a anglické resumé
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
15. Distribution and diversity of Wolbachia in different populations of the wheat aphid Sitobion miscanthi (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in China
- Creator:
- Wang, Zhe, Shen, Zuo-Rui, Song, Yue, Liu, Hong-Yue, and Li, Zheng-Xi
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Cytoplasmic symbiont, wheat aphid, Wolbachia, Sitobion miscanthi, distribution, diversity, China, and 16s rDNA gene
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Wolbachia is a widely distributed intracellular symbiont in the reproductive tissues of arthropods. The wheat aphid Sitobion miscanthi (Takahashi) is an important agricultural pest worldwide. Wolbachia was detected in different populations of S. miscanthi in China using 16s rDNA and wsp-specific primers. Of eighteen populations eleven were infected with Wolbachia. Several strains of Wolbachia infected these S. miscanthi populations. Of the eleven infected populations, four were infected with only one Wolbachia strain and seven with double infections. This is the most systematic survey of the distribution of Wolbachia in the wheat aphid.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
16. Dryophthorinae weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) of the forest floor in Southeast Asia: Three-marker analysis reveals monophyly of Asian Stromboscerini and new identity of rediscovered Tasactes
- Creator:
- Grebennikov, Vasily V
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- nosatcovití, fylogeneze, Curculionid beetles, phylogeny, Čína, Nepál, Myanma, China, Nepal, Myanmar, Dryophthorinae, Tasactes, COI, ITS2, 28S, clogging taxonomy, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The nominal genus Tasactes Faust, 1894, consisting of two originally included nominal species from Myanmar, is rediscovered for the first time since being erected. Adult weevils herein assigned to the taxonomically re-defined Tasactes were abundant in forest floor litter at five localities in China (Yunnan and Sichuan), plus one specimen is available from Shaanxi and three from Nepal. Phylogenetic analysis of a 2,275 bp matrix concatenated from one mitochondrial (COI) and two nuclear markers (ITS2 and 28S) revealed that the monophyletic Tasactes consists of eight evolutionary significant terminal clades, either allopatric (three) or sympatric (two on Cang Shan in Yunnan and three on Mount Emei in Sichuan). The genus Tasactes is nested within the monophyletic Stromboscerini, while the tribe is sister to monophyletic Dryophthorus. The two morphological diagnostic characters of Tasactes, which are unique within the tribe, are the transversely truncated antennal club and conically projecting velvety apex of the club. So defined, Tasactes renders the genus Orthosinus paraphyletic. Considering the taxonomic neglect and uncertainties surrounding nominal Stromboscerini, all herein reported members of this tribe, including the Tasactes, are not assigned to Linnaean species. This paper illustrates the "clogging taxonomy" phenomenon, in which obscure historical names render taxonomic assignment of newly sampled specimens precarious. All the data used herein (localities, sequences, specimen images) are available online in public datasets dx.doi.org/10.5883/DS-TASACT1 and dx.doi.org/10.5883/DS-TASACT2., Vasily V. Grebennikov., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
17. Effects of salinity on temperature-dependent photosynthetic parameters of a native C3 and a non-native C4 marsh grass in the Yangtze Estuary, China
- Creator:
- Ge, Z.-M., Zhang, L.-Q., Yuan, L., and Zhang, C.
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- fotosyntéza, photosynthesis, Čína, China, carboxylation efficiency, coastal wetlands, gas exchange, invasive species, marsh grass, Yangtze Estuary, 2, and 581
- Language:
- Multiple languages
- Description:
- The invasion of Spartina alterniflora along the coasts of China has allowed this C4 grass to outcompete often much of the native, salt marsh vegetation, such as Phragmites australis (C3 grass), in the Yangtze Estuary. In this study, native grass, P. australis, and non-native grass, S. alterniflora, were grown in fresh and saline water (moderate salinity of 15‰ and high salinity of 30‰) to compare the effects of salinity on photosynthetic and biochemical parameters in combination with measurement temperatures. The C4 grass, S. alterniflora, showed a greater CO2 assimilation rate than P. australis, across the tested temperatures. The net photosynthetic rate declined significantly with increasing salinity as a result of inhibited stomatal conductance together with a greater decrease in the maximum rate of electron transport (Jmax). In P. australis, salt treatments shifted the optimum temperatures for the maximum rate of carboxylation by Rubisco (Vcmax) and J max to lower temperatures. S. alterniflora showed a greater salt tolerance to moderate stress than that of the native grass, with lower sensitivity of V cmax, Jmax, and the maximum rate of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylation. Both moderate and high stress decreased significantly stomatal conductance of S. alterniflora; high salinity reduced significantly photosynthetic efficiency and Jmax. Our findings indicated that the combination of stomatal conductance, enzyme activity, and electron transport affected the photosynthetic performance of the plants in response to salt treatments. The success of S. alterniflora could be probably attributed to its C4 photosynthetic pathway and the tolerance to moderate salinity. In this study, a modified parameterization of the photosynthetic model was suggested to support a more reasonable simulation of photosynthesis under salt stress., Z.-M. Ge, L.-Q. Zhang, L. Yuan, C. Zhang., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
18. First report of Potorolepis Spassky, 1994 (Eucestoda: Hymenolepididae) from China, with description of a new species in bats (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae)
- Creator:
- Makarikova, Тatiana А. and Makarikov, Arseny A.
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Cestoda, Hymenolepididae, Potorolepis gulyaevi, new species, morphology, bats, Rhinolophus, and China
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Potorolepis gulyaevi sp. n. (Cestoda: Hymenolepididae) is described from the Chinese horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus sinicus Andersen (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae), from southern China. The new species differs from known species of the genus by the shape, number and size of rostellar hooks, the relative position and length of the cirrus-sac and the morphology of gravid uterus. This is the first report of a member of the genus from non-marsupial mammals and the first record of a Potorolepis Spassky, 1994 from eastern Asia. The generic diagnosis of Potorolepis is amended.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
19. Indicko-čínský pohraniční spor: retropektiva po padesáti letech
- Creator:
- Jaroslav Strnad
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Dějiny Asie. Orient, pohraniční konflikty, mezinárodní spory, mezinárodní vztahy, border conflicts, international disputes, international relations, Indie, Čína, India, China, 8, and 94(5)
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- The short war waged in the autumn of 1962 between India and China for disputed territory in High Himalayas had a long-term devasting effect on the relations between the two Asian powers. The present first part of a study recapitulating the genesis of the dispute and subsequent road to military confrontation maps the origins of the problem in the colonial period of Indian history, with particular focus on changes in British cdecision making in the evolving international context. The one-sided furthering of territorial claims in the absence of a strong and determined adversary led, paradoxically, to parallel exdistence of several alternative frontier lines with no fixed and clearly demarcated border in existence along the extended Indo-Tibetan boundary. The second instalment will follow the developments in the dramatically changed conditions after the emergence in the 1950s of India and China as two strong independent nations., Jaroslav Strnad., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
20. Indicko-čínský pohraniční spor: retrospektiva po padesáti letech. II
- Creator:
- Jaroslav Strnad
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Sociologie kultury. Kulturní život, pohraniční konflikty, mezinárodní spory, mezinárodní vztahy, border conflicts, international disputes, international relations, Čína, Indie, China, India, 1, and 316.7
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- The new power configuration that emerged in the regions of South and East Asia in the wake of World War II and the following decolonization process introduced new players to the game of international politics; the roles played by them were orten inherited from the actors of the previous era. it was the general framework of the bipolar world system and the Cold War that represented a new element in traditional rivalries, and which had the capacity to exacerbate problems that had previously lain dormant. The genesis and escalation of the India-china border dispute, interconnected with the status of Tibet, which was viewed by China as part of her own territory and contemplated by India as a semi-independent buffer state, serves as a classic example. On the Indian side, the problem was further aggravated by the inability of the government to coordinate and fully control the activities of its iontelligence. The article follows the gradual development of the ambiguous approach of Indian foreign policy toward its northern neighbour and the silent Indian acquiescence of the involvement of the United States in the Tibetan issue up to the first bloody border clashes in 1959., Jaroslav Strnad., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public