Adjacivena rasnitsyni gen. n., sp. n., from the Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation (Daohugou Village, Inner Mongolia,
China), is described based on a set of well-preserved specimens, interpreted as two females and a male of the same species. The new
taxon is assigned to the family Susumaniidae, i.e. is a candidate stem-Phasmatodea. This ordinal assignment is supported by genital
elements, chiefly a putative operculum concealing the ovipositor observed in one female specimen and a putative extension of the
10th tergum with a thorn pad in the male specimen. Variation in the venation of the forewing is appreciated based on more or less
complete pairs of wings and a comparison with that in the forewings of male Heteropteryx dilatata (Parkinson, 1798). This material
offers new perspectives on the primary homologies of the hind wing venation of stick-insects.
Stále větší množství nově nalezených rukopisů z doby Válčicích států (Zhànguó, 453-221 př. n. l.) významným způsobem ovlivňuje naše poznání společenského, politického i intelektuálního života této doby. Tyto bezprecedentní prameny otevírají v kapitole nejstarších čínských dějin množství nových otázek, zároveň ale vrhají nové světlo na některé v minulosti hojně diskutované problémy. Článek představuje nově nalezený rukopis dějepisné povahy Xìnián, který neocenitelným způsobem poupravuje naše chápání některých významných událostí z doby vlády dynastie Zhöu (asi 1046-256 př. n. l.), a předkládá překlad a analýzu prvních čtyř kapitol rukopisu, vztahujících se k významným událostem z doby Západní Zhöu (asi 1046-771 př. n. l.), This article introduces the recently discovered Warring States period Xìnián manuscrpit. Following a brief summary of the most recently discovered manuscripts from the Warring States period, and a short introduction to the collection of bamboo slips acquired by Tsinghua University, the article discusses the nature of this unprecedented text, and provides a Czech translation of its first four chapters, which are mainly concerčned with events from the Western Zhöu period. The significance of the contents of these chapters for the study of early Chinese history is further exemplified in a detailed discussion following the translation, highlighting in particular the records on the migration of the progenitors of the Qín ruling house from east to west, the move of the Wèi capital from Kängqiü to Wèi-on-Qí, the regency of Gòngbó Hé and, most importantly, the process of relocating the Zhöu capital to the east. The identification of Qifäng, prince of Wèi, as the marquis Wén of Wèi is also discussed at some length., Ondřej Škrabal., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Odoric of Pordenone (c. 1275/85-1331), a Franciscan friar and one of the chief travelers to Asia during the later Middle Ages, traveled between 1314/131899 ab 1330 to the "eastern parts of the world" (orientalium partium), and on the return journey he may have visited Tibet (or some of its outlying areas). After his return in 1330, he dictated an account of his travels, which soon became a best-seller. Since it included many descriptions and facts not mentioned in Marco Polo´s "Il Milione", the text became an important source both for the fictious account of "John Mandeville" and the famous Catalan Atlas of 1375. There are many mysteries about Odoric and his travels, including some doubt as to whether he was actually in China. In addition, very little is known about his missionary activities in China and about his journey back to Europe. One of the everlasting questions is: Was he really in Tibet, as mentioned in his account?
During the last decades Chinese scholars have been intensively collecting the oral transmissions of the cosmogonical Pangu 盤古 myth in order to clarify its role in Chinese culture. While the number of the orally transmitted versions of the myth is constantly increasing, the quotations from historical records used to substantiate the historical roots of this myth remain unchanged. In this paper I present an important and so far completely neglected source of the Pangu myth, preserved in a Tang dynasty Buddhist text, and compare it with the already extant versions of the Sanwu liji 三五曆紀, the Wuyun linianji 五運曆年 紀 and the Shuyiji 述異記. This version of the Pangu myth is unique in many respects: i its first part, it contains passages rather similar, though not identical with the versions in other sources, while in its second part, it offers a new set of homologic alloforms. This new source is presently the most complete version of the myth, and may contribute to clarifying both the provenance and the transmission of the Pangu myth.
An experiment was performed to study gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence responses of rice (Oryza sativa L.) to various regimes, such as flooding-midseason drying-flooding (FDF), flooding-midseason drying-saturation (FDS), and flooding-rain-fed (FR) regimes. Compared to FDF, FR resulted in an obvious decrease in net photosynthetic rate (PN), due to the decrease in stomatal conductance and the increase in stomatal limitation. In contrast, FDS plants did not suffer stomatal limitation and had comparable PN with FDF plants. For diurnal light-saturated electron transport rate and saturation irradiance, FDF performed the best, which was followed by FDS and FR successively. FR and FDS plants tended to suffer from midday depression. FDS reduced irrigated water by 17.2% compared to FDF for comparable yields. The results suggested that FDS can be an effective irrigation regime to save water., X. H. Wu, W. Wang, X. L. Xie, C. M. Yin, K. J. Xie., and Obsahuje bibliografii
We examined the physiological and biochemical responses of two halophytic grasses with different photosynthetic pathways, Puccinellia tenuiflora (C3) and Chloris virgata (C4), to saline-alkaline stresses. Plants were grown at different Na2CO3 concentrations (from 0 to 200 mM). Low Na2CO3 (< 12.5 mM) enhanced seed germination and plant growth, whereas high Na2CO3 concentrations (> 100 mM) reduced seed germination by 45% in P. tenuiflora and by 30% in C. virgata. Compared to C. virgata, P. tenuiflora showed lower net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration, and water-use efficiency under the same treatment. C. virgata exhibited also relatively higher ATP content, K+ concentration, and the K+/Na+ ratio under the stress treatments implying that salt tolerance may be the main mechanism for salt resistance in this species. Our results demonstrated that the C. virgata was relatively more resistant to saline-alkaline stress than the co-occurring P. tenuiflora; both two species adapt to their native saline-alkaline habitat by different physiological mechanisms., C. Y. Guo, X. Z. Wang, L. Chen, L. N. Ma, R. Z. Wang., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Polylabris lingaoensis sp. n. is described from the gills of the bald glassy, Ambassis gymnocephalus (Chandidae), from the Gulf of Tonkin (South China Sea), near Lingao, Hainan Province, China. The new species is characterized by a midventral vaginal pore, comparatively few (5-7) testes, and 2 parallel rows each comprised of 30-43 microcotylid clamps in the haptor. Polylabris lingaoensis is the only member of the genus known to parasitize a chandid host. Polylabris cf. mamaevi is described from the gills of the mottled spinefoot, Siganus fuscescens (Siganidae), from the South China Sea, which represents new host and locality records for the helminth. The gill parasites from S. fuscescens are tentatively assigned to P. mamaevi pending new collections and restudy of microcotylid species from siganid fishes.
Babesia caballi (Nuttal, 1910) is one of the causative agents of equine piroplasmosis which causes economic losses to horse industry in China. There is an urgent need for rapid detection method for B. caballi infection in Xinjiang Province, China. To prepare monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against Bc48 gene of B. caballi (Xinjiang local strains) and establish colloidal gold-immunochromatographic (ICT) assay for diagnosis of the disease, recombinant Bc48 was expressed and purified from Escherichia coli. With purified Bc48 as immunogen in mice, three hybridoma cells named 11F4, 1H2 and 7F4 secreting mAbs against Bc48 of B. caballi were obtained, which showed strong reaction with recombinant Bc48 and Bc48 gene transfected cells. Furthermore, colloidal gold labelled ICT assay based on purified Bc48 recombinant antigen and its mAb was developed. The ICT assay showed high sensitivity and specificity and no cross-reaction with Theileria equi (Laveran, 1901). Total of 56 horse serum samples collected from Xinjiang were tested by ICT and compared with the detection by commercial ELISA kit. The results showed that 32 out of 56 serum samples were positive by ICT and 33 were positive by ELISA. ICT assay had high coincidence (98%) to the reference ELISA kit. mAbs and ICT developed in this study could be provided as an efficient diagnosis tool for infection with B. caballi in horse in Xinjiang area., Panju Wang, Jingjing Song, Ruiqi Song, Mengyuan Zhang, Lijiang Wu, Fangxin Li, Yan Yan, Jiyong Zhou, Bayin Chahan, Min Liao., and Obsahuje bibliografii